ADSORPTION AND RELEASING PROPERTIES OF BEAD CELLULOSE

The adsorption of some dyes on samples of bead cellulose obtained in the Unit of Research-Production “Cuba 9“ was studied. Methylene blue, alizarin red and congo red fitted the adsorption isotherm of Langrnuir. Adsorption kinetics at pH = 6 was linear with the square root of time indicating the diffusion is the controlling step. At pH = 12 a non-Fickian trend was observed and adsorption was higher for the first two dyes. Experiments carried out to release the methylene blue occluded in the cellulose beads gave a kinetic behavior of zero order. The study of cytochrome C adsorption was included to test a proteinic material. Crosslinking of bead cellulose was performed with epichlorohydrin decreasing its adsorption capacity in acidic or alkaline solution.     

Potentiometric determination of the stability constants of the fluoroborate-dye complexes used in colorimetric analysis for boron

An extensive bibliography on the determination of boron by means of tetrafluoroborate-dye complexes is given. The stability constants of the fluoroborate—dye complexes are calculated from potentiometric measurements with an Orion fluoroborate ion-selective electrode, for the following nineteen dyes: methylene blue, methylene green, new methylene blue N, thionine, toluidine blue O, malachite green, brilliant green, crystal violet, fuchsine, methyl green, methyl violet, Victoria blue B, brilliant cresyl blue, Nile blue A, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, pyronine Y, safranine T and Janus green B. The solubilities of these dyes have been determined by spectrophotometry.     

羧基化石墨烯对4种离子型染料的吸附脱色

合成的羧基化石墨烯（G-COOH）用FT-IR进行表征,并对G-COOH用于水溶液中甲基紫、中性红、灿烂黄和茜素红4种离子型染料的吸附性能进行了研究。 考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、初始浓度以及溶液pH值等条件对吸附效果的影响。 同时,研究了甲基紫染料的脱附性能,结果表明,用NaOH/EtOH混合溶液洗脱甲基紫,洗脱率可达88.2%,洗脱后的G-COOH可再利用。 从热力学角度探讨得出,G-COOH对阳离子染料甲基紫和中性红的吸附行为能够较好的符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,而对阴离子染料灿烂黄和茜素红的吸附行为则能够较好的符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,计算的吸附参数表明,G-COOH对4种染料的吸附过程容易进行。 动力学研究表明,G-COOH对4种离子型染料的吸附行为均能较好的符合准二级吸附模型。 该实验研究表明,在处理染料废水时,G-COOH为相当优异的吸附剂。     

Facile synthesis of bioglass nanospheres for the adsorption of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solution

A novel adsorbent, bioglass nanospheres (BGN), has been prepared by a facile process. The BGN were spheres with an amorphous structure and a relatively high specific surface area, as indicated by SEM, transmission electron microscopy, BET, FTIR, and XRD. This paper was aimed at evaluating the adsorption behavior of this new material for the adsorptive removal of cationic (methylene blue, neutral red) and anionic (congo red) dyes from aqueous solution. The effects of the initial dye concentration, contact time, solution pH, and temperature were investigated. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behavior followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm fit well to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic analyses showed that the adsorption was physisorption, and it was also a spontaneous and endothermic process. The BGN exhibited a good reusability after five consecutive cycles for cationic dyes. In addition, the possible adsorption mechanism was also proposed based on the above experimental results.     

The reaction of cationic dyes with disodium cromoglycate

The reaction of disodium cromoglycale with five cationic dyes: crystal violet, Janus green, methylene blue, methyl green, and safranine, was investigated. Spectroscopic shifts indicated that at low concentration (0.01 mM) all these dyes were able to form complexes (ion paris) with the cromoglycale anion. In addition, the complexes formed by crystal violet and Janus green were extractable into chloroform.     

石莼吸附脱色处理水溶性染料

本文以大型海藻石莼作吸附剂，对结晶紫等7种不同结构的水溶性染料分子的单水溶液和模拟混合染料废水进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了吸附剂的性能和影响吸附脱色效果的有关因素。结果表明，石莼对大多数水溶性染料具有良好的吸附脱色效果，而且COD去除率高，在染料废水处理中应用前景广阔。     

磷钼钨杂多酸修饰金属有机骨架MOF-5复合材料吸附亚甲基蓝

采用水热合成法,在合成金属有机骨架MOF-5的过程中引入活性组分磷钼钨杂多酸(H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂),制备出一种新型吸附剂H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5。 利用H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5材料对亚甲基蓝溶液进行了材料的吸附性能研究,探讨了亚甲基蓝溶液的初始pH值和初始浓度以及不同吸附温度对吸附量的影响。 结果表明,在较低的温度和亚甲基蓝溶液较低的初始pH值的条件下,有利于H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5对亚甲基蓝的吸附。 实验结果能够较好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式以及二级动力学模型,对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量可达401.6 mg/g。 热力学参数ΔG<0、ΔH<0和ΔS>0,表明H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程是自发、放热的。 此外,还探讨了H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5对甲基紫、孔雀石绿、罗丹明B和甲基橙等其它染料的吸附性能,结果表明,H₆P₂Mo₁₅W₃O₆₂/MOF-5对阳离子染料有较好的吸附效果。     

Ion-pair extraction of tetracyclines

Summary Ion-Pair Extraction of Tetracyclines Tetracyclines form ion-pair complexes with dyes that can be extracted into chloroform and re-extracted into 0.1N hydrochloric acid and finally quantified by spectrophotometry. Of the dyes studied methyl red, methyl orange, bromophenol blue and bromothymol blue form complexes with cationic form of tetracycline (pH 8–9) and crystal violet with the anionic form (pH 9–10). 98% of tetracycline can be extracted from the body fluids and solution containing 10g/ml of tetracycline can be conveniently analyzed.     

染料在剑麻基活性碳纤维上吸附速度的研究

本文研究了单组分染料在活性碳纤维上的吸附速度及双组分染料的竞争吸附速度。研究结果表明,不同染料分子在ＳＡＣＦ上吸附速度差异较大,结晶紫的吸附速度比亚甲基蓝或铬蓝黑Ｒ慢行多。亚甲基蓝和铬蓝黑Ｒ双组分共存时,其吸附速度与单组分时的相近,但初始阶段亚甲基蓝的吸附比铬蓝黑Ｒ快得多。由于染料的分子尺寸与ＡＣＦ的微孔大小相近,染料在活性碳纤维上的七染料孤及活怀碳纤维的孔结构密切相关。因此,不同染料分子在ＡＣＦ     

H_6P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)/Zn(BDC)(Bipy)_(0.5)复合材料的合成、表征及对亚甲基蓝的吸附

在溶剂热条件下,以H6P2Mo18O62、对苯二甲酸(H2BDC)、4,4'-联吡啶(Bipy)和硝酸锌为原料构筑了1个三维金属有机骨架复合材料H_6P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)/Zn(BDC)(Bipy)_(0.5),并采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TG)、N2吸附-脱附等手段对产物进行了表征.同时,研究了产物对水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能,并探讨了MB初始p H值、初始浓度和温度对吸附量的影响.结果表明,产物的等温吸附模型符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,动力学符合拟二级动力学.H_6P_2Mo_(18)O_(62)/Zn(BDC)(Bipy)_(0.5)对亚甲基蓝的吸附是自发和放热的,此外,产物对甲基紫、罗丹明B、孔雀石绿等阳离子染料也具有良好的吸附性能.     

Fabrication of highly crystalline covalent organic framework for solid-phase extraction of three dyes from food and water samples

Herein, a covalent organic framework, which was fabricated at room temperature by using 1,3,5-tris(p-formylphenyl) benzene and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene as building blocks, was employed as an adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of dyes including congo red, methyl blue and direct red 80 for the first time. The prepared covalent organic framework was properly characterized by different techniques and the results revealed that it had a uniform spherical structure, high crystallinity, satisfactory surface area, and good thermal stability. Moreover, the adsorption performance of the material was explored by using static and dynamic adsorption experiments and the results indicated that the material showed good adsorption capacities for three dyes with adsorption capacities in the range of 55.25–284.10 mg/g and the adsorption equilibrium can be achieved in 15 min. Further, to achieve the best adsorption effects of the material, the influence parameters such as pH, ionic strength, type of desorption solvent, and the material dosage in the solid-phase extraction column, were optimized in turn. Finally, under optimal conditions, the solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC was applied to the analysis of dyes in food and water samples. The recoveries of dyes in actual samples were satisfactory, revealing the unique applicability of the material in the sample pretreatment field.     

Fabrication,characterization, and photocatalytic performance of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> hybridized with SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Nanostructures TiO₂–SiO₂ photocatalysts were successfully synthesized using the sol-gel method, hydro-calcination, co-precipitation and room-temperature solid-phase synthesis technology. X-ray powder diffraction pattern (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, thermal analyses (TG–DTA), scanning electron micrographs (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) were used to characterize the as-synthesized catalysts. Photocatalytic performances of the catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under s imulated natural light and the degradation rate of MO is 97.2%. The composites showed a good stability: after five recycling runs there are no significant decreases in the photocatalytic activity. The photodegradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl violet, naphthol green B, basic fuchsin, malachite green, and methyl red were also tested, and the degradation rate of dyes could reach over 94.2 %. A possible mechanism for the photocatalysis with the TiO₂–SiO₂ was proposed.     

Fluorescence Quenching of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)Ruthenium(II) Dichloride by Certain Organic Dyes

Fluorescence quenching of [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ by a series of organic dyes has been investigated by using the steady state fluorescence technique in aqueous medium. The dyes used are anthraquinone dyes: uniblue, acid blue 129, alizarin, alizarin red S and the azo dyes: congo red, sunset yellow, methyl orange, tartrazine, acid orange 63, methyl red and erichrome black T. The quenching of [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ was found to obey the Stern-Volmer equation and the corresponding Stern-Volmer plots were linear indicating dynamic quenching. The quenching rate constants (k _q) were calculated from the fluorescence data. The mechanism of quenching was discussed on the basis of the quenching rate constants as well as the reduction potential of dyes. The electron transfer mechanism has been proved by the calculation of Gibbs energy changes (ΔG _et) by applying the Rehm-Weller equation.     

Ultrasound-assisted enhanced and rapid uptake of anionic dyes from the binary system onto MnFe2O4/polyaniline nanocomposite at neutral pH

Remediation of toxic dyes from an aqua matrix using novel nanocomposites as adsorbent is an attractive yet challenging task, especially when the adsorption process needs to be operated at near-neutral solution pH. Recently, conducting polymer-based novel nanocomposites have been studied widely for environmental remediation because of their high distinctive surface area, mesoporous nature, easy synthesis process, availability of the low-cost monomer, and comprehensive range of functionality. This research deals with the fabrication and application of manganese ferrite and polyaniline nanocomposite (MnF-PANI-NC) for the ultrasound-assisted adsorption of methyl red (MR) and congo red (CR) dye from binary dye solution at neutral pH. The X-ray diffraction pattern of MnF-PANI-NC confirmed the successful impregnation of manganese ferrite onto polyaniline, and the field emission gun scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed the nanoscale formation of this composite. The saturation magnetization of ~20 emu/g endorses the easy magnetic separation of MnF-PANI-NC from dye solution. MnF-PANI-NC has revealed higher adsorptive affinity towards MR and CR dye concerning pure PANI and pure MnF nanoparticles at near-neutral solution pH. Assimilation of ultrasound wavse in this adsorption procedure improved the mass transfer rate significantly, and within 6 min of reaction more than 95% of MR and CR dye removal was achieved. Ultrasound waves also enhanced the equilibrium dye uptake efficiency (more than 95%) of MnF-PANI-NC compared to the adsorption reaction by overhead stirring (40–50%) and shaking (40–60%) for both MR and CR dyes. Kinetic modeling of the experimental data revealed accurate fitting of the pseudo-second-order model in association with intraparticle diffusion. Binary dye adsorption onto MnF-PANI-NC obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model accurately, and maximum adsorption capacities of 294.12 and 317.46 mg/g were observed for MR and CR dyes, respectively.     

Adsorption of dyes onto carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment

Organic wastes have been burned for reclamation. However, they have to be recycled and reused for industrial sustainable development. Carbonaceous materials were produced from coffee grounds by microwave treatment. There are many phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of carbonaceous materials. The base consumption of the carbonaceous materials was larger than that of the commercially activated carbon. The carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds were applied to the adsorbates for the removal of basic dyes (methylene blue and gentian violet) in wastewater. This result indicated that the adsorption of dyes depended upon the surface polar groups on the carbonaceous materials. Moreover, the Freundlich constants of isotherms for the adsorption of methylene blue and gentian violet onto the carbonaceous materials produced from coffee grounds were greater than those for adsorption onto activated carbon or ceramic activated carbon. The interaction was greatest between the surface or porosity of the carbonaceous materials and methylene blue and gentian violet. The microwave treatment would be useful for the carbonization of organic wastes to save energy.     

介孔C/SiO2粉体的制备及对阳离子型染料的吸附

采用吸附法处理染料废水需要合适的吸附剂。利用溶剂蒸发自组装法,以甲阶酚醛树脂为碳源、介孔SiO2粉体为载体制备介孔C/SiO2粉体,表征所制C/SiO2粉体的结构,研究C/SiO2粉体对阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝和阳离子红X-GRL的吸附性能,并与相同条件下制备的非负载的多孔C粉体以及介孔SiO2载体进行比较。结果表明,介孔C/SiO2粉体的孔窗口为11~18 nm,比表面积为303 m2.g-1,比孔容为1.11 cm3.g-1;C/SiO2粉体对这两种染料吸附量均高于C粉体和SiO2载体;在pH≤10的范围内,吸附量随pH值增大而显著提高。     

Removal of organic dyes from water by liquid-liquid extraction using reverse micelles

In the present work, solvent extraction using reverse micelles is proposed for the removal of organic dyes from water. In this approach, the dye is solubilized in the aqueous core of the reverse micelles, which are present in the organic phase. The organic phase is subsequently separated from the aqueous phase leading to signifi-cant removal of dye. Experimental results reveal that the electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged surfactant head group present in the reverse micelles and the dye molecule plays a key role in the separation. The removal of the anionic methyl orange dye from water is carried out in the presence of cationic hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant, whereas the removal of the cationic methylene blue dye is carried out in the presence of anionic sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant. Amyl alcohol is used as the solvent. The influence of parameters such as dye concentrations, surfactant concentrations, pH, and KCl and NaBr concentrations on the percentage removal of dye was studied. The percentage removal of dye is decreased with the increase in dye concentration in the feed. The increase in surfactant concentration resulted in higher dye removal, because more reverse micelles could be hosted in the organic phase. The increase in aqueous phase pH resulted in enhanced removal of methyl orange from water, while in the case of methylene blue the percentage removal decreased. The increase in KCl and NaBr concentrations resulted in decreased percentage removal of methylene blue, whereas the percentage removal of methyl orange was increased. The effect of pH and salt concentration is explained based on charge transfer mechanism and electrostatic interactions and dye-surfactant complex formation.     

The study of mutual coagulation of colloids by the dropping mercury electrode capacity measurements

Summary It has been shown that the dropping mercury electrode capacity measurements can be employed for studying the mutual coagulation of congo red or congo rubin with methylene blue. It has also been shown that the congo red or congo rubin is never completely removed by coagulation by methylene blue. On the other hand the end point only indicates the region of maximum mutual coagulation. It is of interest to study this technique for determining the dye number of sugar house-products.

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Zusammenfassung Messungen der Kapazit?t der Quecksilberelektrode gestatten die Verfolgung der wechselseitigen Koagulation von Kongorot und Kongorubin mit Methylenblau. Es ergibt sich, da? Kongorot und Kongorubin durch Methylenblau niemals vollst?ndig ausgeflockt werden. Andererseits zeigt der Endpunkt nur den Bereich der maximalen gegenseitigen Flockung. Es bestünde Interesse, diese Technik zur Bestimmung der Farbnummer für Zucker-Haus-Erzeugnisse anzuwenden.

     

Determination of textile dyes by means of non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Eight textile dye compounds including five cationic dyes, namely, basic blue 41, basic blue 9, basic green 4, basic violet 16 and basic violet 3, and three anionic dyes, acid green 25, acid red 1 and acid blue 324, were separated and detected by non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with electrochemical detection. Simultaneous separations of acid and basic dyes were performed using an acetonitrile-based buffer. Particular attention was paid to the determination of basic textile dyes. The optimized electrophoresis buffer for the separation of basic dyes was a solvent mixture of acetonitrile/methanol (75:25, v/v) containing 1 M acetic acid and 10 mM sodium acetate. The limits of detection for the basic dyes were in the range of 0.1–0.7 μg mL⁻¹. An appropriate solid-phase extraction procedure was developed for the pre-treatment of aqueous samples with different matrices. This analytical approach was successfully applied to various water samples including river and lake water which were spiked with textile dyes.     

PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维的制备及染料吸附性能

利用静电纺丝技术,以六氟异丙醇(HFIP)和水为溶剂,制备了环糊精(β-CD)含量为70%(质量分数)的聚乙烯醇(PVA)/β-CD纳米纤维,并经戊二醛(GA)交联处理得到了可用于染料吸附的PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维.通过红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜研究了交联反应前后纳米纤维组成和形貌的变化;考察了PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维对7种水溶性染料的吸附性能.结果表明,PVA/GA/β-CD纳米纤维对孔雀石绿、甲基紫和刚果红的吸附效果较好,最大吸附量分别为124.71,121.14和127.39 mg/g,4次吸附-解吸附循环后,染料去除率仍保持80%左右,在染料废水处理中具有良好的应用前景.