气相色谱法测定蔬菜中有机磷农药的残留量

采用DB-1型毛细管柱及氮磷检测器，建立了同时测定蔬菜中有机磷农药甲胺磷、氧化乐果、甲拌磷、甲基对硫磷残留量的气相色谱法，测定4种有机磷农药残留量的线性范围均为0．02-4．00mg／L，相关系数为0．9955～0.9980，检出限为0.0012～0．0020mg／L，加标回收率为89．3％-92．2％，相对标准偏差为2．2％～3．2％。     

气相色谱法同时测定花生中12种有机磷农药残留量

建立了气相色谱法同时测定花生中12种有机磷农药残留量的方法.花生中有机磷农药残留通过乙腈提取,经液-液分配后有机相浓缩以丙酮定容,应用氮磷检测器(NPD)检测.除敌百虫和杀扑磷的检测限分别为20、50 μg/kg以外,其余10种有机磷农药检测限均为10 μg/kg.加标回收率为68.70%～108.45%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.05%～19.10%(n=5).该法与单独测定这12种有机磷农药的加标回收率和相对标准偏差基本符合.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定果蔬中20种有机磷农药残留量

毛细管气相色谱法测定果蔬中２０种有机磷农药残留量庄无忌周昱（中国商检技术研究所北京１０００２５）（厦门商检局厦门３６１０１２）１前言食品中多种有机磷农药残留量的测定国外已有报道￣［１～４］,国内也正在开展此项工作。李聪等￣［５］曾报道了低脂肪样品中１...     

快速气相色谱法测定蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留量

采用一种较快速，简单的方法测定蔬菜中菊酯类农药残留物。样本中农残经乙酸酯萃取，凝胶渗透色谱及固相提取净化后，用气相色谱－电子捕获检测器测定，色谱柱为ＨＰ－５小口长石英毛细管柱。本法对６种常用菊酯类农药的回收率范围为８９．６％－９９．７％，检测限为０．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。对同一批普施用菊酯类农药的白菜样本进行化验，本法跟美国食物及药品管理局农药残留标准测定方法所得结果非常吻合。     

气相色谱法同时测定果蔬中常见有机磷农药残留量

利用气相色谱法测定食品中7种常见的有机磷农药残留量,优化提取条件、载气流速等实验条件,在样品提取时采用超声波法,乙腈作为提取体系,提高农药的萃取效率.经气相色谱法测定,外标法定量,结果表明,本方法在0.05μg·mL-1～10.0μg·mL-1浓度内有较好的线性关系,该方法对甲拌磷、乙拌磷、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、喹硫磷...     

毛细管气相色谱法测定芝麻中多种有机磷农药残留量

建立了芝麻中多种有机磷农药残留量的毛细管气相色谱的测定方法。样品以V(乙腈 )∶V(丙酮 ) =1 0∶1混合溶剂为提取剂 ,应用超声波辅助提取 ,固相吸附层析柱净化m(中性氧化铝 )∶m(弗罗里硅土 ) =1∶1 ,采用GC FPD法同时测定芝麻中的多种有机磷农药残留量。检出限为 0 .0 1 1～ 0 .0 1 7μg mL。方法的回收率为 82 .1 %～ 1 0 9.7%。     

GC-MS法测定粮谷及油料中55种有机磷农药残留量

采用ASE-300快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中农药残留量,提取液经二氯甲烷液-液分配、凝胶色谱柱（GPC）净化,固相萃取柱（活性炭）再净化,浓缩定容后,用气相色谱-质谱仪（GC-MS）测定,外标法定量.采用选择离子检测进行阳性确证.选择玉米、糙米、大豆、花生为实验样品、敌敌畏等55种农药添加水平在0.5～2.00 mg/kg时,该方法回收率为68%～117%;精密度为4.04%～11.76%;方法测定低限为0.005～0.100 mg/kg,各项指标均满足有关要求.     

气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定蔬菜中9种有机磷农药的残留量

建立气相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定蔬菜中9种有机磷农药残留的方法.样品经乙酸乙酯提取、无水硫酸钠脱水、活性炭小柱净化,浓缩后通过气相色谱-离子阱质谱进行测定.9种有机磷农药的浓度在0.05～1.0μg/mL范围内与其对应的色谱峰面积具有良好的线性关系(r＞0.999).在3个不同添加浓度下的平均回收率为76.5%～101.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.9%～9.4%(n=7).该方法快速、准确、操作简便,能满足蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的检测要求.     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定中药中有机磷和有机氮农药残留量

研究了气相色谱-质谱法测定中药中13种有机磷和有机氮类农药残留的分析方法.以丙酮-乙腈(体积比3:7)为提取剂,采用超声波辅助提取中药中残留的农药,经弗罗里硅土及中性氧化铝柱层析净化,气相色谱-质谱同时检测中药中多种有机磷和有机氮类农药的残留量,取得了较好的效果.在0.1、0.05mg/kg两个水平的添加回收率分别为81%～118%和88%～119%,相对标准偏差分别为4.0%～9.9%和5.7%～9.5%.并应用选择离子监测(SIM)技术,排除了杂质的干扰,提高了分析方法的选择性,从而建立了中药中多种类型农药同时分析的新方法.     

气相色谱法测定鱼和肉中有机磷农药残留量

采用气相色谱法测定鱼和肉中有机磷农药残留量，对国标法作了部分改进，从而使可测的有机磷农药组份增加一个甲基对硫磷，且灵敏度和分辨率均有所提高，同时使国标法中未完全分离的马拉硫磷和对硫磷得到完全分离。     

Simultaneous determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was established for the purpose of simultaneous determination of carbamate and organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile; and then prepared by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE) with primary secondary amine (PSA) as the sorbent. Four common representative samples (tomato, apple, carrot, and cabbage) were selected from the supermarket to investigate the effect of different matrices on pesticides recoveries and assay precision after spiking samples with 0.05 mg/kg. Matrix composition did not interfere significantly with the determination of the pesticides. The obtained recoveries were, with a few exceptions, in the range of 70-110% with RSDs less than 8%. It was applied to pesticide residue monitoring in vegetables and fruits from local markets.     

Properties and determination of pesticides in fruits and vegetables

The intensive development of agriculture means that more and more toxic organic and inorganic compounds are entering the environment. Because of their widespread use, stability, selective toxicity and bioaccumulation, pesticides are among the most toxic substances contaminating the environment. They are particularly dangerous in fruit and vegetables, by which people are exposed to them. It is therefore crucial to monitor pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables using all available analytical methods.We set out the problems in the determination of organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides in samples of fruit and vegetables, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials, and the very low level of pesticides present, as a result of which target analytes have to be isolated and then enriched prior to final determination.We discuss the various stages in the determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. We present results from the literature in the context of Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) of target pesticides in fruit and vegetable samples. We discuss the merits of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) technique and two-dimensional gas chromatography.     

Multiresidue method for determination of 90 pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method for analysis of 90 pesticides with different physico-chemical properties in fruits and vegetables was developed. The method involves a rapid and small-scale extraction procedure with acetone using vortex mixing. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a highly cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene column (LiChrolut EN) was used for clean-up and pre-concentration of the pesticides from the water-diluted acetone extracts. For most fruit and vegetable samples this partial clean-up was sufficient, but some of them with more co-extracting substances need further clean-up (cereals, spinach, carrots, etc.). Diethylaminopropyl (DEA) modified silica was used for efficient removal of interferences caused by various organic acids, sugars, etc. The pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MS). The majority of pesticide recoveries for various fruits and vegetables were >80% in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.50 mg/kg, except for the most polar pesticides (methamidophos, acephate, omethoate) which cannot be determined by this method. The limit of quantitation for most of the pesticides was 0.01 mg/kg with majority of relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) below 10%.     

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic methods

A new extraction and cleanup procedure with gas chromatography was developed for the sensitive determination of acephate, dimethoate, malathion, diazinon, quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, chlorothalonil and carbaryl using 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene as an internal standard in fruits and vegetables. Several extracting and eluting solvents for solid-phase extraction were investigated. The overall extracting solvent with a mixture of acetone:ethyl acetate:hexane (10:80:10, v/v/v) and a eluting solvent of 5% acetone in hexane used with the RPC18 cartridge gave the best recovery for all of the investigated pesticides, and minimized the interference from co-extractants. Under the optimal extraction and clean-up conditions, recoveries of 85 - 99% with RSD < 5.0% (n = 3) for most of the pesticides at the 0.02 - 0.5 mg/kg level were obtained. The limit of detection was between 0.005 - 0.01 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. This analytical procedure was characterized with high accuracy and acceptable sensitivity to meet requirements for monitoring pesticides in crops.     

A novel long path length absorbance spectroscopy for the determination of ultra trace organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables and fruits

A simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometry for determination of ultra trace organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) with liquid core waveguide light intensity technique is presented. OPs were degraded into phosphate with UV light, potassium peroxydisulphate as oxidant and nanosized titanium dioxide as catalyst. Under the optimum selected conditions, linear light intensity response was obtained in the range of 2.0 x 10(-11) to 8.0 x 10(-10)g mL(-1) phosphate, and the limit of detection (LOD) 6.7 x 10(-12)g mL(-1) was achieved. Both the low limit of linear range and the LOD of the proposed method were lower over 1000-fold than that of classical spectrophotometry. The proposed method was applied to the determination of ultra trace OPs in vegetables and fruits samples.     

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in vegetables and fruits using a high capacity absorbent polymer for water

A single extraction and a single clean-up procedure was developed for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in non-fatty vegetables and fruits. The method involves the use of a high capacity absorbent polymer for water as a drying agent in extraction from wet food samples and of a graphitized carbon column for clean-up. A homogeneously chopped food sample (20 g) and polymer (3 g) were mixed to absorb water from the sample and then 10 min later the mixture was vigorously extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The extract (50 ml), separated by filtration, was loaded on a graphitized carbon column without concentration. Additional ethyl acetate (50 ml) was also eluted and both eluates were concentrated to 5 ml for analysis. The procedure for sample preparation was completed within 2 h. In a recovery test, 107 pesticides were spiked and average recoveries were more than 80% from asparagus, orange, potato and strawberry. Most pesticides were recovered in the range 70-120% with usually less than a 10% RSD for six experiments. The results indicated that a single extraction with ethyl acetate in the presence of polymer can be applied to the monitoring of pesticide residues in foods.     

Multiresidue determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in human biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography

Two multiresidue analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in human urine and serum samples are described. The first approach is based on liquid–liquid microextraction with dichloromethane, and the second uses solid-phase extraction with C₁₈. In both methods, the extracts are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) and electron-capture detection (ECD). Limits of detection of the overall procedure of analysis are at the low ng mL^–1 level. Stability experiments have been performed with spiked urine and serum samples stored at 4?°C for 1 month. Finally, the solid-phase extraction procedure was applied to real-world samples. Quantification was performed by NPD or ECD, and peak identity was confirmed by use of mass-selective detection (MSD).     

Multiresidue analytical method for organophosphate pesticides in vegetables

Summary Residue analysis of pesticides in the lettuce: Lactuca sativa is examined. A multiresidue method for the identification and measurement of a group of organophosphates used as insecticides in horticulture is developed. The problems of obtaining a reasonable recovery after clean-up when dealing with this variety are investigated. Clean-up was effected using Sep-Pak C 18 and Bond Elut 2 OH (Diol) cartridges. The results were good and demonstrate that it is possible to apply this multiresidue method to organophosphorous pesticides. Further research will be done in order to determine whether these and other compounds can be isolated in the varieties Endivia and Cicorium intybus. The aim of the investigation was to isolate organophosphates used in new pesticides, with specific regard to lettuce. We investigated on Diazinon, Chlorpyriphos-methyl, Malathion, Parathion, Quinalphos, Ethion, Azinphos-methyl, Azinphos-ethyl, Phosalone. The interest in these residues in lettuce is justified by its widespread application in the Veneto region.     

Multiresidue determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in human biological fluids by capillary gas chromatography

Two multiresidue analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in human urine and serum samples are described. The first approach is based on liquid-liquid microextraction with dichloromethane, and the second uses solid-phase extraction with C18. In both methods, the extracts are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) and electron-capture detection (ECD). Limits of detection of the overall procedure of analysis are at the low ng mL(-1) level. Stability experiments have been performed with spiked urine and serum samples stored at 4 degrees C for 1 month. Finally, the solid-phase extraction procedure was applied to real-world samples. Quantification was performed by NPD or ECD, and peak identity was confirmed by use of mass-selective detection (MSD).     

Multiresidue determination of pesticides in fruit and vegetables by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables were determined by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Electron impact (EI)/MS/MS and chemical ionization (CI)/MS/MS were developed for 80 compounds, including organochlorine, organophosphorus, organonitrogen, and pyrethroids, providing unambiguous spectral confirmation for these complex matrixes. Residues were extracted from samples with acetone followed by a mixture of dichloromethane-petroleum ether. Two injections per sample were required for analysis of the entire pesticide list by EI/MS/MS and CI/MS/MS. Initial steps involving cleanup and concentration of extracts were eliminated. The excellent selectivity and good linearity allowed quantification and identification of low levels of pesticides in the most difficult matrixes. The method has been used for routine analysis of many vegetables.