Electrochemical Catalytic Processes with Hydrogen Peroxide Showing Oxidative and Reductive Properties (Acting as Oxidant or Reductant)

It has been found that hydrogen peroxide can act as an oxidant and as a reductant of transition metal complexes in acetonitrile. Therefore, the examples of catalytic currents of oxidants and reductants has been described. In the case of Co(acac)₃ both the types of catalytic currents are present in a single cyclic‐voltammetric scan.     

过氧化氢氧化桑色素动力学荧光法测定痕量钴(Ⅱ)

建立了以Co(Ⅱ)为催化剂,催化过氧化氢氧化桑色素,使其荧光减弱的催化动力学荧光法。在pH 10.70的Na2B4O7?10H2O - NaOH缓冲溶液中,痕量钴(Ⅱ)离子对0.24%的H2O2溶液氧化 4.0×10-7 mol/L的桑色素溶液有明显的催化作用。在最大波长处( λex/λem = 416.5 nm / 556.4 nm),体系的荧光强度在一定的浓度范围内与Co(Ⅱ)的浓度呈线性相关,线性范围为0.8～8.0 μg/L,检出限为0.14 μg/L。优化了体系的最佳条件,考察了体系的离子干扰情况,对灰钙土和分子筛样品进行了分析检测,回收率分别为95.0～110.0%和98.9%～101.9%。     

Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose by Titanium(IV) Oxide Nanotube Arrays

Titanium(IV) oxide nanotube arrays (TiO₂) prepared by electrochemical oxidation were used as a sensor for the catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of pH, applied voltage, interferences, and linear dynamic range were characterized. The electrode showed rapid response and a linear dynamic range from 5.0 micromolar to 12.0 millimolar in phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 at a working voltage of ?0.8 volt. The maximum sensitivity was 474 milliamperes per molar per square centimeter with good reproducibility and reusability. The electrode was also employed for the electrochemical determination of glucose without a mediator by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on the electroactive surface. The resulting biosensor exhibited good activity and rapid response toward glucose and allowed the determination of glucose from 20 micromolar to 1 millimolar and 1–10 millimolar.     

Salt Effects on Reactivity of Some Fe(II)-Azo Complexes Catalyzing Disproportionation of Hydrogen Peroxide

Summary. Salt effects on kinetics of oxidation and decomposition of novel low-spin Fe(II) complexes of azo amino acids with hydrogen peroxide have been investigated in aqueous medium. The ligands are derived from amino acids (DL-phenylalanine, DL-tryptophane, histidine, and alanine) and p-nitroso aromatic substituted amines (N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline and N,N-diethyl-4-nitrosoaniline). Hydrophobic salts of alkali metal and tetraalkylammonium halides, e.g., KBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), and tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB) have been used. Dilute salt solutions exhibit little effects on the reactivities of oxidation and decomposition of the title compounds. This behaviour would be ascribed to a decrease in the activity coefficients of the reacting species in these solutions. Moreover, these effects support the reported pathway in these reactions occurring via the association of dicationic complexes and undissociated H₂O₂. On the other hand, higher salt concentration shows considerable effects on the reactivities. This behaviour is explained in terms of hydrophilicity of the complexes, ion pair formation, salting out, and substituent effects. Hyrophilic nature of the recent complexes enhances reactivity with increasing [KBr] due to salting out effects in the aqueous medium. Increasing [TBAB] retards reactivity via ion pair formation with the reactants. In the presence of R₄N⁺ ions, the reactivity increases with changing R in the following order; R = C₄H₉ < C₂H₅ < CH₃. The bulky R groups in the added tetraalkylammonium salts, exert medium steric hindrance against the approach of reactants.     

Copper(II)-Catalyzed Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide: Catalyst Activation by Halide Ions

Summary.  The catalytic action of Cu(II) on the decomposition of H₂O₂ in near-neutrality aqueous solutions is activated by halide ions. The activation energies amount to 113±7 (parent reaction) and 69.9±1.4 (chloride-activated reaction) kJ · mol⁻¹. Free-radical chain mechanisms are proposed for both the parent reaction and the halide-activated reaction. The catalyst activation caused by halide ions is explained in terms of coordination of halide ligands by both Cu(II) and Cu(I), the coordination causing a higher stabilization of Cu(I) than of Cu(II). At low concentrations, Br⁻ causes an inhibition of the Cu(II)/H₂O₂ reaction. This is explained in terms of an increase of the rate of termination of the chain reaction due to the scavenging effect of OH radicals caused by Br⁻. Received March 27, 2001. Accepted (revised) May 25, 2001.     

Electrochemical Surface Structuring with Polyaniline Wrapped Hb for Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensing

Through the electrodeposition of aniline with hemoglobin (Hb) on zincoxide‐gold colloidal sols (ZnO‐AuNPs) modified indium oxide electrode, a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) biosensor was constructed. Polyaniline (PANI) form a nano‐cage wrapped Hb, which provided a comfortable and stable site for the immobization of Hb. UV‐vis spectrum was employed to characterize Hb retained original structure in the resulting Hb‐PANI/ZnO‐AuNPs membrane. Electrochemical investigation of the biosensor showed a pair of well‐defined, quasi‐reversible redox peaks with E_pa= ‐0.139 V and E_pc = ‐0.238 V (vs. SCE) in 0.1 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution at the scan rate of 100 mV/s. The biosensor displayed a fast response time (<3 s) and broad linear response to H₂O₂ in the range from 1.5 μM to 1.7 mM with a detection limit of 0.8 μM (S/N = 3).     

离子色谱仪流动注射电导法测定过氧化氢

以H2S03与H2O2反应生成H2SO4产生的电导变化与H202的量呈线性关系为理论依据，根据流动注射原理将现有离子色谱仪进行改装成流动注射仪测定过氧化氢。此方法有很好的重现性，8次进样所得相对标准偏差小于2．6％，所得结果稳定，其检测下限为0．5mg/L，标准曲线的相关系数达0．9995。本实验对某些分析条件，诸如H2SO3的浓度和流速、样品用量及反应管长度等因素进行了探讨。由于实际样品中存在不同离子而具有不同背景电导，因而在测定实际样品时采用经过过氧化氢酶处理的样品作空白，以此消除背景电导的干扰。     

Electrochemical Probe of Hydroxylation of 4-Nitro-phenol by Cytochrome C with Hydrogen Peroxide

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Electrochemical Sensing of Ascorbic Acid,Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose by Bimetallic (Fe,Ni)−CNTs Composite Modified Electrode

In this research, bimetallic supported CNT modified electrode ( Fe,Ni/CNTs/GCE) has been developed for sensitive, stable and highly elctroactive sensing of glucose, ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Transition metals such as Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) offer high electrical and thermal conductance, high active surface‐to‐volume ratio and presence of d‐band electrons gives enhanced electrocatalytic behavior. While, CNTs provide high surface area, stability and excellent conductivity. Synthesized material is characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR to access morphology, elemental composition and structure. This unique combination is employed for the electrochemical sensing of ascorbic acid, glucose and hydrogen peroxide and different experimental parameters are optimized. Fe,Ni/CNTs/GCE shows good sensing efficiency at pH 7.4 which is ideally suitable for variety of analytes. The modified electrode also show good reproducibility and sensitivity under optimized conditions and can be reused upto 30 cycles without compromising the efficiency. With good linearity, reproducibility and limit of detection, this material possess significant potential as non‐enzymatic biosensor for variety of analytes.     

8羟基喹啉氮氧化物—钴（Ⅱ）—过氧化氢化学发光体系的研究

作者合成了８－羟基喹啉氮氧化物，将其引入Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）－Ｈ２Ｏ２（ＯＨ＾－）无发光的氧化还原体系中充当化学发光的能量接受体，获得了强的化学发光效应。本文对该效体系进行了研究，建立了测定微量钴的ＣＬ分析法。     

以新亚甲蓝为介体的过氧化氢传感器的电化学行为研究

利用共价键合法,将新亚甲蓝(NMB)与辣根过氧化酶(HRP)修饰于玻碳电极表面,制成一种新型的电流型H2O2传感器。探讨了该传感器在0·1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH=7·0)中的电化学性质。结果表明,NMB作为介体能够有效地在辣根过氧化酶和电极之间传递电子。测得电子转移系数为0·861,表观反应速率常数为1·27s-1。研究了传感器对H2O2的响应及动力学性质,米氏常数为8·27μmol/L,线性响应范围为2·5~100μmol/L。同时研究了pH、缓冲容量及温度等因素对H2O2传感器的影响。     

以酸性铬蓝K作为氢供体的酶催化光度法测定过氧化氢

研究了以酸性铬蓝 K作为氢供体底物的过氧化氢酶 -过氧化氢催化反应体系 ,拟定了测定痕量过氧化氢的新的酶催化光度法。测得该体系的最大反应速率 Vmax值为 6.2 5× 1 0 -3 mol· L-1·S-1,米氏常数 Km值为 2 .78× 1 0 -5mol/L。测定过氧化氢的线性范围为 0 .0 3～ 0 .6mg/L。检出限为 4.6× 1 0 -4 mol/L。方法可应用于雨水中过氧化氢的测定     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite Ion or Chloramine T with Gallein-Molybdenum Complex and Cobalt (II) with Gallin and Hydrogen Peroxide in a Micellar Media

Abstract

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite ion or chloramine T is proposed utilizing a gallein-molybdenum complex in the presence of N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in acidic media. Also, a sensitive catalytic spectrophotometric procedure for determi     

铁氰化钴修饰石墨烯平面电极对过氧化氢的传感作用

利用高分子支撑法将气相沉积(CVD)石墨烯从铜基底上转移到聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基底上,制备出石墨烯平面电极(GPE), 通过循环伏安法将铁氰化钴(CoHCF)纳米颗沉积到GPE上,得到铁氰化钴修饰石墨烯平面电极(CoHCF/GPE).研究表明,此电极对过氧化氢具有良好的传感作用,从而构建一种新型无酶过氧化氢传感器.此传感器在过氧化氢浓度为5.0-1200 μmol/L范围内,响应电流与浓度呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为7.1 nmol/L (S/N=3),响应时间约为2 s,具有稳定性好、抗干扰能力强、制备简单等优点.     

纳米Pd上H2O2的电催化还原反应

利用纳米Pd颗粒修饰的Au旋转圆盘电极, 通过强制对流条件下的线性电势扫描伏安法, 研究了酸性介质中H2O2在纳米Pd催化剂上的电还原反应. 动力学研究结果表明, H2O2在纳米Pd上电还原反应的表观活化能为27.6 kJ·mol-1, 反应为2电子转移过程, 电解质的阴离子类型显著影响纳米Pd对H2O2电化学还原反应的催化性能. 根据动力学电流与H2O2浓度及与H+浓度的关系, 提出了Pd催化H2O2电还原反应可能的速率控制步骤, 并讨论了其可能的反应机理.     

Heterogeneous Uptake of Hydrogen Peroxide on Mineral Oxides

The interaction of mineral oxides (α-Al₂O₃, MgO, Fe₂O₃, and SiO₂) with hydrogen peroxide was investigated using the Knudsen cell reactor. The initial reactive uptake coefficients for the commercially available powders are measured as (1.00±0.11)×10^-4 for α-Al₂O₃, (1.66±0.23)×10^-4 for MgO, (9.70±1.95)×10^-5 for Fe₂O₃, and (5.22±0.9)×10^-5 for SiO₂. These metal oxide powders exhibit some catalytic behavior toward the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide excluding SiO₂. H₂O₂ can be destroyed on Fe₂O₃ surface and O₂ is formed. The experimental results suggest that the heterogeneous loss on mineral surface can represent an important sink of hydrogen peroxide.     

基于碳复合Fe3O4纳米粒子的过氧化氢电化学传感器研究

本文以碳纳米粒子复合Fe₃O₄磁性纳米粒子构建新型过氧化氢电化学传感器,该传感器对过氧化氢有良好的电催化性能,过氧化氢浓度在1.00×10^-6 ~ 1.00×10^-3 mol·L^-1范围内与其氧化峰电流之间呈良好线性关系(R = 0.9980),检出限为6.60×10^-7 mol·L^-1. 该传感器具有良好的抗干扰能力、较高的重现性和稳定性.     

A MgO Nanoparticles Composite Matrix‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide with High Sensitivity

A novel horseradish peroxidase (HRP) electrochemical biosensor based on a MgO nanoparticles (nano‐MgO)‐chitosan (chit) composite matrix was developed. The morphology of nano‐MgO‐chit nanocomposite was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interaction between nano‐MgO‐chit nanocomposite matrix and enzyme was characterized with UV‐vis spectra. This proposed composite material combined the advantages of inorganic nanoparticles and organic polymer chit. The HRP immobilized in the nanocomposite matrix displayed excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H₂O₂ in the presence of hydroquinone as a mediator. The effects of the experimental variables such as solution pH and the working potential were investigated using steady‐state amperometry. The present biosensor (HRP‐modified electrode) had a fast response towards H₂O₂ (less than 10 s), and excellent linear relationships were obtained in the concentration range of 0.1–1300 μM, with a detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N=3). Moreover, the stability and reproducibility of this biosensor were evaluated with satisfactory results.     

Electrochemical Codeposition of Platinum and Molybdenum Oxides: Formation of Composite Films with Distinct Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection

The electrochemical properties of gold electrode surfaces modified by molybdenum oxide films intercalated with platinum microparticles have been described. The incorporation of Pt microparticles at the oxide film was characterized by PIXE (particle induced X‐ray emission) spectroscopy. The modified electrode showed electrochemical activity at around ?0.5 V in 50 mmol L^?1 Na₂SO₄ supporting electrolyte (pH 3), corresponding to the reduction of protons at platinum sites and further transfer of hydrogen atoms to form reduced molybdenum oxides (bronzes). At 0.1 V, the MoO₃ / Pt electrode showed a better performance for hydrogen peroxide oxidation than on platinized gold electrodes. The solution pH has a marked effect on the voltammetric profile and best responses for hydrogen peroxide were obtained at the 5.0 to 6.0 pH range. The activation of the electrode by polarization at negative potentials was also studied and a mechanism by which more platinum sites are available as a consequence of this process was proposed. Calibration plots for hydrogen peroxide were highly linear (r=0.9989) in the 0.2 to 1.6 mmol L^?1 concentration range, with a relative standard deviation (RSD)<1%.