副气流中He流量变化对流场混合状态的影响

 在保持主气流流量和副气流中I₂的流量不变的条件下,改变副气流中He的流量,数值模拟氧碘化学激光器拉伐尔喷管内的流场混合特性。结果表明,随着副气流中He的流量的增加,副气流垂直穿透主气流的深度逐渐变大,主、副气流混合状态也逐渐变好,直至氧碘气流混合均匀。     

On the influence of the Reynolds number on the intensity of vortex sound flowing around a cylindrical profile

Regularities of the emission of vortex sound (eolian tone) during air flow around stationary and rotating cylindrical profiles have been investigated. The influence of the flow Reynolds number on the intensity of vortex sound emission has been estimated from results of measuring the pressure fluctuation distribution on the surface of stationary cylindrical rods flowed around by air, as well as in the wake behind them. It is shown that the emission intensity depends on the location of the point of flow detachment from the profile surface and the track width near the profile. The ranges of the flow Reynolds numbers where the emission intensity increases with different flow velocities have been determined by analyzing the dependence of the profile lift coefficient on the Reynolds number. An independent way of determining the profile lift coefficient by measuring the vortex sound intensity is proposed. The results explain contradictions between the results of some authors, who experimentally observed different dependences of emission intensity on the flow velocity. The influence of the profile diameter on the vortex sound emission intensity has been investigated. The boundary Reynolds number above which the profile diameter does not affect emission has been established for stationary and rotating cylindrical profiles. It is shown that deposition of rough coatings on the rod surface may reduce the vortex sound emission intensity by affecting the point of flow detachment from the surface.     

超声辐照及辐照环境对液体中流场分布特性的影响

研究了超声辐照下液体中声压场分布,模拟了流场分布的特性,模拟结果与利用粒子成像测速仪得到的实验结果相符。进一步研究了声学参数及容器几何环境对流场分布的影响。研究发现,增大超声功率和频率可使流场速度变大:在30~60W范围内,超声功率与流场中最大流速间存在线性关系;在频率为100~472kHz范围内,流场速度大小随频率的升高而增加:在层流区,流速与频率的平方成正比;在湍流区,流速与频率的1/2次方成正比。进一步研究发现,随着换能器到容器壁间距离的增加,流场速度减小。      

Controlling traffic flow near the transition to the synchronous flow phase

For constant incoming flow far upstream of a freeway on-ramp, the flow downstream (throughput) and the rate of merging are studied with simulations using a generalized optimal velocity model. For large enough merge rates, a transition to synchronous flow occurs and the throughput is reduced by 0.5–0.7 vehicle on average for each vehicle that merges. For smaller merge rates there is free flow on the freeway and the throughput is the sum of the merge rate and the flow upstream of the on-ramp. Thus, there is an optimum merge rate that maximizes the throughput for a given incoming flow rate. These results hold for a wide range of initial vehicle position and velocity profiles and for single- as well as double-lane freeways. The results show that the transition to synchronous flow is due to the dynamics of the merge process, rather than to a limitation on the capacity of the downstream portion of the freeway. As a consequence, a new on-ramp metering algorithm, which controls the merge rate to prevent the transition to synchronous flow and concomitantly to maximize flow, has been developed.     

Double-deck structure of the boundary layer in the problem of flow in an axially symmetric pipe with small irregularities on the wall for large Reynolds numbers

The problem of flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in an axially symmetric pipe with small irregularities on the wall is considered. An asymptotic solution of the problem with the double-deck structure of the boundary layer and the unperturbed flow in the environment (the “core flow”) is obtained. The results of flow numerical simulation in the thin and “thick” boundary layers are given.     

颗粒速度在颗粒流稀疏流-密集流转变中的作用

用实验和计算模拟的方法研究了颗粒流中的颗粒速度与颗粒流特性的关系.实验研究发现当入口流量固定时，在出口上方高速运动的颗粒会使颗粒流由稀疏流向密集流转变的临界出口尺寸变小.当颗粒流转变为密集流后，颗粒速度的作用被出口上方的颗粒堆积区所消耗，最终变得与颗粒速度无关.二维分子动力学模拟计算得到了与实验相同的结论.通过二维分子动力学模拟计算，还给出了不同颗粒速度下体系的密度和速率在空间的分布图.这些分布图显示随着颗粒到达出口上方的瞬间速度的不同，颗粒堆积区的密度和高度均会改变，并最终导致颗粒流流动状态的改变. 关键词： 颗粒流 颗粒气体 分子动力学模拟     

Visualizations of the transitional flow patterns at the mid-span between shrouded co-rotating disks

Transitional air flow patterns at the mid-plane of gap between co-rotating disks in a stationary cylindrical enclosure are visualized under the acceleration condition of disks. The flow visualization is performed using olive oil particles with a laser sheet and CCD camera. On disk spinning-up, the transition flow patterns are clearly observed. The affect of magnitude of acceleration on the onset of transition and the relations of the number of vortex cells in fully turbulent regime of the flow in an outer region of the flow field to the rotating speed are also investigated. The centrifugal effect of particle is evaluated from the comparison with visualization results using hollow glass spheres.     

Supersonic flows with small perturbations in the presence of external effects on the flow. II. Slender wing profile

An analytic theory of a supersonic flow past a slender profile of an arbitrary shape in the presence of local energy release zones and an external force acting on the flow near the surface is developed. Main results are obtained using the linear approximation, which is valid in a wide range of external conditions. Analytic expressions are derived for calculating the spatial distributions of pressure perturbations near the surfaces of a slender profile at a small angle of attack. The results of analytic calculations are compared with the numerical simulation data based on the Euler equations for a wedge at a zero angle of attack. The comparison reveals good agreement between numerical and analytic calculations. The results make it possible to formulate and solve optimization problems for a supersonic aerodynamic flow with the help of external effects on the supersonic flow.     

质子交换膜燃料电池阴极气场设计优化

通过建立质子交换膜燃料电池阴极气场的三维简化模型,研究了不同进气方式、不同进出气总管尺寸对电池堆流量分布的影响,并提出从单电池流道深度的角度优化气场分布的改进方案。结果表明,与单入口进气方式相比,双入口进气方式效果更优;采用2-2型进气方案时流量分布最为均匀,进气功耗最小;增大进气总管的宽度可以使电堆流量分布更加均匀;各单电池合理采用非均匀深度流道可以有效提高电池堆流量分布均匀性。     

涡流管内三维强旋转流场数值模拟与分析

涡流管内可压缩气体的强旋转流动是涡流管能量分离的根本原因和驱动力,因而涡流管内流场研究是揭示涡流管能量分离物理机制的首要关键问题。由于涡流管内可压缩气体的三维强旋转湍流流动,实验测量中存在诸多问题,而CFD数值模拟技术对此具有很大的优势。文中以涡流管内部流场为研究对象,建立了涡流管计算域模型并进行网格划分,讨论了边界条件、湍流模型以及线性方程组求解策略等问题,对不同冷气流率下的涡流管内三维强旋流流场结构特性进行数值模拟,获得了不同冷气流率下的旋转运动、轴向运动、径向运动和循环流的分布特性。研究表明Realizableκ-ε湍流模型能够充分反映强旋流动特点,数值模拟结果与文献中实验值基本吻合。     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

 在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下，改变输入氧碘化学激光器（COIL）光腔总气流流量，数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等，通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出：输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍，氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差，但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变。     

流量大小对混合流场特性等的影响

在主、副气流各组份的流量比不变的情况下,改变输入氧碘化学激光器(COIL)光腔总气流流量,数值模拟给出了COIL拉伐尔喷管主、副气流混合状况和各物理量的分布等,通过对这些结果进行对比分析得出输入COIL光腔总气流流量增加三倍,氧碘气流的混合状况稍稍变差,但Mach数和密度等的分布和变化规律基本不变.     

周向非均匀人流/出流条件下无叶扩压器敏感性分析

不稳定流动是高速离心压缩机内部流动的本质特征,其诱发机制往往受到关键结构参数与边界处流动条件的影响.本文以带有无叶扩压器的离心压缩机为研究对象,基于线性的全局稳定性理论,同时考虑涡黏性与分子黏性的作用,建立了基于无叶扩压器r-θ平面的二维稳定性分析方法,获得了流动失稳的直接全局模态;然后基于伴随方法获得了对应最不稳定特征值的伴随全局模态,结合直接与伴随模态构建了流场特征值的结构敏感性。最后考虑了射流-尾流流动结构,以及蜗壳非对称几何结构的影响,分别对周向非均匀入流/出流条件下的无叶扩压器流动进行了稳定性与敏感性分析。分析结果表明机匣侧出口回流对无叶扩压器全局稳定性具有关键作用;在无蜗壳时,射流-尾流结构对于全局稳定性的影响主要体现在失速团个数,而对失稳机理的影响较小;蜗壳的非对称结构导致流场重新分布,在距离蜗舌顺时针90°~135°位置出口壁面回流与入口回流相互作用,是诱发失稳扰动产生的主要因素。     

Study of couple stresses and wall permeability effects on the flow in permeable membranes

This study focused on investigating wall permeability, and couple stresses effects on the fluid flow between two permeable membranes. These flows are encountered in a variety of industrial and applied biological processes, particularly in the fluid filtration process through dialyzer membranes. Darcy’s law is employed to define the fluid suction and injection via surface of the membrane. Fluid motion is assumed to be steady and Stokesian, where the flow Reynolds number is low. The exact solution for the fluid flow field is obtained in conjunction with the lubrication approximation. Explicit expressions are derived for some useful quantities of flow interest. A significant change in the flow field is noticed for the presented non-Newtonian fluid model. Graphical results show that the flow field has prominent deviations when the inlet pressure, membrane permeability, and the couple stress parameters are changed. In order to validate results, numerical values of the filtration constant and the average pressure drop for a dialyzer membrane are computed. A comparison of the derived results with existing data reveals a good agreement with experimental and empirical results. The presented results are new and can be reduced to existing results in the literature for specified values of the couple stress parameters.     

Determining the Spatial Properties of a Turbulent Transverse Flow via Multi-Frequency Acoustic Probing

The results are presented from an experimental study of solving the inverse problem of recovering a turbulent flow’s velocity and its position in space by analyzing the spectrum of fluctuations in an acoustic signal of different frequencies intersecting the flow. The conditions for and accuracy of recovering turbulent flow characteristics are discussed in terms of a multifrequency signal propagating along one acoustic path. The study is performed using a muffled acoustic chamber with a jet of air serving as a turbulent flow. Despite the physical character of the experiments, their results can be applied to problems of atmospheric, aero-, and oceanic acoustics.     

动量相关势对直接流和椭圆流的影响

利用极端相对论量子分子动力学(UrQMD)模型,研究了两种不同强度的动量相关势对中子、质子、氢同位素和带电荷粒子等四种粒子直接流和椭圆流的影响.计算结果表明,在不可压缩系数K0一定的情况下,直接流几乎不敏感于动量相关势的变化,而高动量粒子的椭圆流v2则敏感于高动量处动量相关势强度的大小及其动量依赖.考虑高动能区强度较强...     

The Effect of Cavitation and the Degree of Flow Overlap by Cylindrical Bodies on the Flow Pattern and Hydrodynamic and Spectral Characteristics of a Flat-Type Hydrodynamic Generator

Doklady Physics - The results of investigations of the flow behind cylindrical flow bodies in a flat-type hydrodynamic generator with the degree of flow overlap by the bodies St/S0 = 10–80%,...     

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通过数值模拟及实验研究了润湿性及磁场对液态金属膜流流动状态的影响.首先,通过数值模拟研究了润湿性对膜流流动状态的影响.结果表明,当润湿性不好时,液态金属膜流容易发展为溪状流而不能完全覆盖底壁,入口膜厚较薄时更易发展为溪状流;在入口膜厚及其它情况相同时,密度越小越易发展为溪状流.其次,研究了磁场对膜流流动状态的影响.结果表明,槽道与流体润湿性不好时,有磁场情况下液态金属膜流覆盖底壁的区域较无磁场时增加,强磁场对膜流的湍流有抑制作用.最后,液态金属膜流实验结果表明,润湿性不好时,镓铟锡合金膜流容易收缩发展为溪状流,这与数值模拟的结果是一致的.上述研究结果对磁约束聚变堆液态第一壁的设计具有指导意义.     

润湿性及磁场对液态金属自由表面膜流流动状态的影响

通过数值模拟及实验研究了润湿性及磁场对液态金属膜流流动状态的影响。首先,通过数值模拟研究了润湿性对膜流流动状态的影响。结果表明,当润湿性不好时,液态金属膜流容易发展为溪状流而不能完全覆盖底壁,入口膜厚较薄时更易发展为溪状流;在入口膜厚及其它情况相同时,密度越小越易发展为溪状流。其次,研究了磁场对膜流流动状态的影响。结果表明,槽道与流体润湿性不好时,有磁场情况下液态金属膜流覆盖底壁的区域较无磁场时增加,强磁场对膜流的湍流有抑制作用。最后,液态金属膜流实验结果表明,润湿性不好时,镓铟锡合金膜流容易收缩发展为溪状流,这与数值模拟的结果是一致的。上述研究结果对磁约束聚变堆液态第一壁的设计具有指导意义。     

Effect of far-field flow on a columnar crystal in the convective undercooled melt

The growth behavior of a columnar crystal in the convective undercooled melt affected by the far-field uniform flow is studied and the asymptotic solution for the interface evolution of the columnar crystal is derived by means of the asymptotic expansion method.The results obtained reveal that the far-field flow induces a significant change of the temperature around the columnar crystal and the convective flow caused by the far-field flow accelerates the growth velocity of the interface of the growing columnar crystal in the upstream direction and inhibits its growth velocity in the downstream direction.Our results are similar to the experimental data and numerical simulations.