Synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ones via a tandem intermolecular Michael addition intramolecular aldol process (a bridged Robinson annulation)

A novel one-pot synthesis of the several bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-ones 19 has been developed in which a cyclic or acyclic ketone 18 is reacted with a cyclic enone 6 in the presence of strong acid to give the bicyclic enone product 19. Alternatively, the intermediate diketone 21 can be prepared separately and subjected to the reaction conditions to give the bicyclic enones 19 in good yields.     

A novel synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones from cyclobutanones through [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes with ring expansion

Treatment of [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes, which were synthesized from cyclobutanones and chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps in high overall yields, with excess cyanomethyllithium gave enaminonitriles in high yields. Heating of these enaminonitriles with H₃PO₄ in acetic acid gave 2-cyanobicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones in good yield. On the other hand, treatment of the [chloro(p-tolylsulfinyl)methylidene]cyclobutanes with cyanomethyllithium followed by lithium carbanion of the homologues of acetonitrile afforded enaminonitriles having a substituent at the 3-position. Heating of the enaminonitriles with H₃PO₄ in acetic acid gave 2-substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones in good to high yields. This method offers a novel and versatile procedure for synthesis of 2-substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones from cyclobutanones in good overall yields.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-Amino-4-cyano-8-isobutyl-7-isopropyl-6-thiocarbamoyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-thione

5-Amino-4-cyano-8-isobutyl-7-isopropyl-6-thiocarbamoyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-thione was synthesized by the condensation of isovaleryl aldehyde with cyanothioacetamide. The structure of the product was established by X-ray crystallography.     

Alkoxide-Accelerated [1,3] Sigmatropic Shift of Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ols to 8-endo-Hydroxybicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-en-4-ones

Bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-2-ols 6 are shown to undergo [1,3] sigmatropic shift to afford 8-endo-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-en-4-ones 8 under the influence of potassium hydride.     

Synthesis of 6,9-Dipropyl-1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5] Deca-6,8-Diene-2,10-Dione and its Diels-Alder Reactions with Substituted Acetylenes

The title compound, a masked 3,6-di-n-propyl-o-benzoquinone, was synthesized from 3,6-di-n-propylcatechol in 82% yield. Its Diels-Alder reactions with methyl propiolate, phenylacetylene, 1-octyne, dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, diphenylacetylene and 3-hexyne were studied. The yields of the adducts were excellent except for the last two cases in which the unimolecular decomposition of the title compound to generate 3,6-di-n-propylcatechol methylene ether predominates. The regiochemistry of the adducts derived from monosubstituted acetylenes were determined by the correlation of ¹³C chemical shifts of the adducts and the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-5,7-diene-2,3-diones obtained from the hydrolysis of the spirolactone ring of the Diels-Alder adducts. Photolysis of these α-diketones gave the corresponding aromatic compounds in high yields. These synthetic sequences provide an effective entry to bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-5,7-diene-2,3-diones and polysubstituted benzene derivatives.     

Chemistry of o-Benzoquinones and Masked o Benzoquinones VII.: Regioselective and Stereoselective Cycloadditions of 6, 7-Dipropyl- and 8, 9-Eipropyl-1, 4-Dioxaspiro[4.5] deca-6, 8-Di-En-2, 10-Dione with Monosubstituted Ethylenes

The cycloadditions of the titled two masked o-benzoquinones, 2 and 3 , with monosubstituted ethylenes including ethyl acrylate, styrene, ethyl vinyl ether and 1-hexene were studied. The reactions proceeded with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivity to give endo head-to-head adducts when ethyl acrylate, styrene and ethyl vinyl ether were used as addenda. In the case of 1-hexene, the reaction with 2 took place with high regioselectivity but low stereoselectivity to afford endo as well as exo head-to-head adducts while the reaction with 3 occurred with less regioselectivity to produce presumably all the eight possible isomers. The regiochemistry of the adducts were determined by the ¹H nmr analysis of their hydrolysis products, bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-5-en-2,3-diones 6 , and the subsequent photolysis products, 1,3-cyclohexadienes 7 . The stereochemistry was established by the study of the lanthanide induced shifts of compounds 6a-6f with Fu(fod)₃. The regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of these cycloaddition reactions were explained in terms of frontier molecular orbital theory and steric effect. The present study provides also a facile method to prepare regioselectively bicyclo[2, 2, 2]oct-5-en-2,3-diones (stereo-selectively also) and 1,3-cyclohexadienes from unsymmetric catechols via masked o-benzoquinones.     

A method for synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones from cyclobutanones with one-carbon ring expansion and its application to a formal synthesis of racemic 1-desoxyhypnophilin

A method for synthesis of 2-cyanobicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones and 2-substituted bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-1-en-3-ones was developed by assembly of three components, cyclobutanones, chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide, and nitriles, with one-carbon ring expansion of the cyclobutane ring. As an application of this method, a formal synthesis of 1-desoxyhypnophilin in racemic form was performed starting from 3,3-di(phenylthiomethyl)cyclobutanone.     

Stereochemical dependence of13C-shift and31P-13C-coupling in 3-substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl- and bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-yl-phosphonates

Steric influences operating on¹³C-shifts and³¹P-¹³C-coupling constants have been investigated on phosphonates with a rigid framework.

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Stereochemische Abhängigkeit von¹³C-Verschiebungen und³¹P-¹³C-Kopplungskonstanten in 3-substituierten Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl- und Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-yl-phosphonaten

Zusammenfassung Der sterische Einfluß auf¹³C-Verschiebungen und³¹P-¹³C Kopplungskonstanten wurde an Phosphonaten mit starrer Struktur untersucht.

     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Chalcone Derivatives from cis-Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one

A series of chalcone derivatives (3a–k) were prepared via the reaction of cis-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one (1) with the respective arylaldehydes (2a–k) and were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental analyses.     

Use of epoxidation and epoxide opening reactions for the synthesis of highly functionalized 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-ones and related compounds

Epoxidation of ethyl 3-(6-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)propanoate (11) provided the syn epoxide 12. By invoking chelation controlled epoxide opening the triol derivatives 13 and 14 or the spiro lactone 25 could be obtained. Elimination of HBr from the bromides 26 and 27 produced the spiro cyclohexenones 28 and 29. Epoxidation of the double bond occurred in a diastereoselective manner to give epoxides 30 and 31, respectively. Treatment of the epoxide 31 with LiBr/AcOH gave the bromo hydrin 38. In a ‘merry go round’ fashion 38 was further functionalized on the cyclohexane ring by elimination, epoxidation, and epoxide opening resulting in the bromo hydrin 43. Other cyclohexane derivatives that were produced during these studies include the cyclohexenone 19 and the cyclohexanediol 23. In addition, enolate azidation of the spiro lactone 29 proceeded in a diastereoselective manner providing the α-azido lactone 32.     

Diels-Alder Reactions of 6,9-Dipropyl-1, 4-Dioxaspiro[4.5]Deca-6, 8-Diene-2, 10-Dione with Substituted Alkenes. An Entry to Bicyclo[2.2.2]Oct-5-Ene-2, 3-Diones and 1, 3-Cyclohexadienes

The cycloadditions of the title compound, 1, a masked 3, 6-dipropyl-o-benzoquinone to various disubstituted (diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, trans- and cis-stilbene, and cycloheptene) and monosubstituted alkenes (methyl acrylate, methyl vinyl ketone, styrene, ethyl vinyl ether, and 1-hexene) have been studied; the yields of the Diels-Alder adducts, 2, are generally high (> 75%) except for stilbenes. These adducts are effectively transformed into the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2, 3-diones, 3, whose stereochemistries are determined from the ring current effect of the respective quinoxalines, 4, on the chemical shifts of the vinyl and the methine protons and/or the lanthanide (Eu(fod)₃) induced shift on the pertinent protons of 3. It is interesting to note that the quinoxaline ring current makes the vinyl protons down-field shifted by 0.15–0.27 ppm whereas the methine protons (R³=H) syn to the quinoxaline moiety up-field shifted by 0.18–0.39 ppm as compared to the chemical shifts of the corresponding protons in 3. The transformations of α-diketones 3 into the corresponding 1, 3-cyclohexadienes, 5, by irradition with a Hanovia medium pressure lamp through a uranium glass filter are almost quantitative. The present study provides facile and effective methods for the preparation of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2, 3-diones and 1, 3-cyclohexadienes from catechols via masked o-benzoquinones.     

8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ones via asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a homochiral 3-oxidopyridinium betaine

8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-ones were prepared by asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of homochiral pyridinium betaine 4. Excellent diastereofacial selectivity was achieved for the major 6-exo cycloadducts. The absolute stereochemistry of cycloadduct 7 was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.     

Synthesis of 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-8-ones and 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,6,9-triene-8-ones by a three-component condensation of 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- or 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and nitriles

A three-component condensation of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and alkyl cyanoacetates in the presence of sulfuric acid resulted in the formation of substituted 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-8-ones. The same reaction of aromatic nitriles yielded 2-azaspiro[4.5]deca-1,6,9-triene-8-ones; in the case of 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene corresponding Ritter amides were also observed. The condensation of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene with isobutyric aldehyde and alkyl cyanoacetates provided the compounds of the formal Knöevenagel condensation.     

C1-C2 cleavage of C1-functionalized 8-oxabicyclo-[3.2.1]-oct-6-en-3-one. Stereoselective preparation of 4-substituted butenolides

Diastereoisomeric epimers at C1′ of 4-(1-methyl-2-oxo-butyl)-2-butenolide, and the corresponding saturated γ-lactones, were synthesized by hydrolysis of 1-methoxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1] oct-6-en-3-one, under acidic conditions. These butenolides are interesting synthetic building blocks, precursors of biologically active natural products like insect pheromones. Their formation could be explained by a cleavage at the C1-C2 bond of the oxabicyclic precursor. On the basis of the experimental data we have proposed a mechanism of hydrolytic cleavage which is formally an intramolecular reverse Dieckmann process.     

Synthesis of 4-amino-substituted but-2-en-4-olides

Previously unknown 4-amino derivatives of spiro-annelated Δ²-butenolide were synthesized by the addition of various amines at the activated triple bond of 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoic esters. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2761–2770, December, 2005.     

Stereoselectivity of the reaction of mercuric acetate with dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-5,6-cis-endo-dicarboxylate

The stereoselelectivity of the reaction of mercuric acetate with dimethyl bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-en-5, 6-cis-endo-carboxylate in acetic acid was studied. One of the reaction products is formed when the reagent attacks the double bond from the sterically less accessible side. The nature of the orientation effect of the carboxylate groups is discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1646–1648, September, 1993.     

Ruthenium carbene initiated ring-open metathesis polymerization of endo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-yl benzoates with tacticity studies

<正>After tentative ring-opening cross metathesis(ROCM) of endo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-yl 4-bromobenzoate with PhCH=CH_2 initiated by(Cy_3P)_2Cl_2Ru=CHPh in CH_2Cl_2,ring-opening metathesis polymerization(ROMP) of a series of endo-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-3-yl benzoates was achieved under the same conditions,furnishing a variety of the corresponding polymers.Then some of them were selected to hydrogenate the C=C double bonds in their backbone with p-tosylhydrazide,affording saturated and thus more flexible polymers.All of these polymers were well characterized by spectroscopic means including GPC,UV-Vis,NMR and IR,based on which the tacticity of these polymers was investigated together with nonlinear optical(electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation,EFISH)) analysis.     

Synthesis of fluorinated 2,6-heptanediones and 2-oxa-6- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes from 1,4-dihydropyridines

Electrophilic fluorination of Hantzsch-type 1,4-dihydropyridines with Selectfluor^® led to the formation of new fluorinated 2,6-heptanediones - dialkyl 2,4-diacetyl-2,4-difluoro-3-phenylpentanedioates. Novel 2,6-heptanedione derivatives in reaction with hydrazine hydrate easily form 6-amino-4,7-difluoro-3-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-8-phenyl-2-oxa-6-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes instead of the corresponding diazepine derivatives. The obtained 2-оxa-6-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octanes are thermally stable at the temperatures below 50°С. At higher temperatures rearrangement of 2-oxa-6-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octanes offers new fluorine-containing pyrazolinone derivatives - alkyl esters of 2-fluoro-2-((4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-3-oxobutanoates.     

Synthesis of 8-substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxylic acids and anti-convulsant properties of the corresponding amides

Novel 8-substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxylic acids have been made via [3+2]cycloaddition to alkyne 2. A number of the corresponding amides are anti-convulsant in mice.     

Synthesis of 2,6-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0]nonanes by intramolecular haloetherification and/or transannular hydroxycyclization of alkenes in [4+3]-cycloadducts

The synthesis of new difunctionalized 2,6-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0^3,7]nonanes is described. This type of structure is an interesting synthetic building block for potential bioactive molecules and it was prepared from 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one having a NHBoc function on C-1. This precursor was obtained by a [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminofuran and the oxyallyl cation generated in situ from 2,4-dibromo-3-pentanone. Reduction of the carbonyl group at C-3 was accomplished in high yield and stereoselective manner to afford the corresponding axial alcohol at C-3 as a major product. Further intramolecular haloetherification of this type of alcohols with NBS and I(py)2BF₄ led to the corresponding bromo and iodo-derivatives at C-8 of the 2,6-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0^3,7]nonane framework, in high yield. Epoxidation of 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ol followed by treatment with NaCN, NaN₃, and/or NaOH in MeOH afforded 8-hydroxy-2,6-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0^3,7]nonanes in high yield via a transannular hydroxycyclization mediated by a base and through an alkoxide intermediate. The new 2,6-dioxatricyclo[3.3.1.0^3,7]nonanes were tested for biological activity against HIV-1 virus and MT-4 lymphoid cell line, showing a low anti-HIV activity and a high degree of cytotoxicity.