醇钠催化苯甲醛合成苯甲酸苄酯——介绍一个探索性有机化学实验

To cultivate students' innovation ability,we designed the synthetic method of benzyl benzoate as an organic chemistry laboratory experiment.Benzyl benzoate was directly synthesized from benzaldehyde in the presence of a sodium benzyloxide via the Tishchenko reaction.The experimental conditions are optimized with a benzaldehyde to sodium benzyloxide mole ratio of 33:1 and a 50-60℃ reaction temperature for 1 h.A yield up to 69% was achieved with the purity higher than 99%.The experimental results show that the process is in accordance with the requirements of organic chemistry laboratory teaching.     

Synthesis and Chemistry of 2,5-Dimethylene-2,5-Dihydrofuran

2,5-Dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran (3), generated flash pyrolitically, underwent di- and trimerization reactions to give cyclic dimer and trimer. Compound 3 was trapped with methanol, ethanol, bromine, acetic acid, thiophenol and oxygen. Results from trapping experiments suggest that the diradical form of 3 is involved.     

Kinetics of Phase Transfer Catalytic Preparation of Benzyl Benzoate

The kinetics is studied for the phase transfer catalytic preparation of benzyl benzoate from sodium benzoate and benzyl chloride with tetrabutylaramonium iodide as catalyst in a well stirred batch reactor. Benzyl chloride is dissolved in toluene as the organic phase and sodium benzoate is dissolved in water as the aqueous phase. The kinetics of the overall reaction is described by a first-order model based on the concentration of benzyl chloride in the organic phase at the later time of the batch reaction. The rate constant increases with an increase of the catalyst concentration while decreases slightly with an increase of the concentration of sodium benzoate under the experimental condition.     

苯并环丁二酮的热解法合成

报道了闪式真空热解法（Flah Vacuum Pyrolysis）合成取代的苯并环丁二酮。由取代苯酐经NaBH4还原得取代的羟基苯酞，其三氟乙酸酯在500－550℃及13.3-133.3Pa下经石英管热解，得相应的取代苯并环丁二酮，产率中等。     

Palladium Chemistry Related to Benzyl Bromide Carbonylation: Mechanistic Studies

Summary.  Palladium(II) complexes of the general formula PdCl₂ (PR₃)₂ with PR₃ = { P(OPh)₃}, P(O-4-MeC₆H₄)₃, P(O-2-MeC₆H₄)₃, and PPh₂(OBu) were reduced by NEt₃ in chloroform or benzene to Pd(0) complexes Pd(PR₃)₄ and Pd(PR₃)_x(NEt₃) _4−x . The same reaction performed in the presence of air gave CH₃CHO or CH₃CH₂CHO when NPr₃ was used instead of NEt₃. Pd(P(OPh)₃)₄ reacted with benzyl bromide affording the oxidative addition product cis-PdBr(CH₂Ph)(P(OPh)₃)₂. The reaction of PdCl₂(P(OPh)₃)₂ with benzyl bromide was observed only in the presence of NEt₃, and a dimeric complex of [PdBr(CH₂Ph)(P(OPh)₃)]₂ was identified as the reaction product. Both benzyl complexes reacted fast with CO (1 atm) to form acyl complexes exhibiting ν(CO) bands at 1709 and 1650 cm⁻¹.     

Structural Determination of the [4+2] Dimer of 2,3-Dimethylene-2,3-Dihydrothiophene from Deuterium Labeling Study

2,3-Dimethylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene (1a), prepared by the flash vacuum pyrolysis of 3-methyl-2-thienylmethyl benzoate (7a), rapidly dimerizes to form a [4 + 2] dimer 6. The structure of the [4+2] dimer 6 was confirmed by comparing its NMR spectrum with that of the [4 + 2] dimers from 2-dideuteriomethylene-3-methylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene (1b) and 2-methylene-3-dideuteriomethylene-2,3-dihydrothiophene (1c).     

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (fvp) of some hexahydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones

Some cis/trans-2-thioquinazolin-4-ones and their 2,4-dione analogs were subjected to flash vacuum pyrolysis. The cis- and trans-thio compounds reacted at lower temperatures than the cis- and trans-dioxo analogs, showing a lower thermal stability. All of these compounds afforded similar reactions: ring opening to the corresponding iso(thio)cyanate, the loss of H and NCS to form three isomeric cyclohexadienes and then aromatization to form the corresponding benzamide. The cis-dioxo compound also underwent a competitive retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction to form 3-phenylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H-dione(3-phenyluracil)) and butadiene. Kinetic measurements of the ring opening reaction supported a concerted β-elimination as the most probable mechanism.     

Transformation of Primary Benzyl Amines to Benzyl Esters

Primary benzyl amines, upon treatment with aq. NaNO₂ and appropriate organic acids at 0–5°C, give their respective benzyl esters.     

Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of Barium Benzoate

Barium benzoate was synthesized in a hydrothermal reaction. The complex was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. It was monoclinic and had a layered structure. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of the barium benzoate was studied by using TG, DTA, IR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the barium benzoate decomposed to form BaCO₃ and organic compounds: mainly benzophenone, triphenylmethane, etc.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodecarbonylation of α-substituted cycloalkanones: a convenient one-carbon ring contraction method

A new and very convenient one-carbon ring contraction method is reported. Pyrolysis of α-substituted cycloalkanones at 600-650 °C under flow conditions produces the ring contracted compounds under loss of carbon monoxide. Substrates varying in ring size and nature of the α-substituent have been investigated.     

苯甲酸乙酯合成实验的改进

引入微波技术,对以硫酸为催化剂,水浴回流分水制备苯甲酸乙酯的传统方法进行合理改进,重点考察微波功率、反应温度、反应时间对产率的影响。采用正交设计安排实验,实验结果经过优化组合,得出最佳反应条件为：辐射时间15 min,微波功率600 W,反应温度95 ℃。利用微波辐射加热方式替代普通的沸水浴合成苯甲酸乙酯,达到缩短反应时间,提高反应效率的目的,产物用减压蒸馏分离纯化,整个实验教学具有绿色化、现代化和综合化的特点,有利于提高学生实验兴趣,同时保证了在有限的实验时间内有充足的知识点和充分的技能训练。     

CaY-zeolite Catalyzed Etherification and Alkylation of Substituted Benzyl Alcohols

Besides the great success in petroleum chemistry and related fields, the utilization of zeolites for selective organic synthesis has grown continuously in recent years1-3. The combination of acidic and shape selective properties of zeolites renders them p…     

Novel Syntheses of Aryl and Benzyl Selenides Promted by Metallic Zinc in Aqueous Media

Introduction Recently, organometallic-type of reactions in aqueous media have attracted a considerable interest in organic syntheses[1-4]. The main advantage of making organometallic reactions in strictly anhydrous organic solvents took place in aqueous media is the ease of the reactions so as to obviate the need for inflammable anhydrous organic solvents and troublesome inert atmosphere. For some reactions, e.g., the alkylations of the carbonyl group in carbohydrates didnt need to be altered to take place in organic solvents[5]. The most commonly used metals are zinc, tin and indium[1-4].     

K-MnO／y-A1203和Cu／SiO2催化剂应用于苯甲酸甲酯连续加氢合成无氯苯甲醇

以K—MnO／F—Al2O3和Cu／SiO2为催化剂，利用固定床串联反应器实现了苯甲酸甲酯连续加氢合成无氯苯甲醇反应过程．K-MnO/y-Al2O3和Cu／SiO2催化剂对于苯甲酸甲酯连续加氢合成苯甲醇具有良好的加氢活性，反应转化率可达89．2％，苯甲醇的选择性为84．1％．在苯甲酸甲酯加氢连续步骤中的氢醛比得到提高，有效地抑制了副产物甲苯的生成．XRD，SEM和TPR表征结果表明：采用吸附沉淀法制备的Cu／SiO2-C15．2催化剂，氧化铜在载体上具有良好的分散性能，并且易于还原，表现出最佳的苯甲醛加氢活性．     

3,5-二硝基苯甲酸冰片酯的合成及结构表征

冰片在中药中被广泛应用。利用前药原理,对冰片母体进行修饰,以冰片和3,5-二硝基苯甲酸为原料,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,合成了3,5-二硝基苯甲酸冰片酯,目标化合物的结构经FT-IR、13C NMR、1H NMR和元素分析加以确证。该化合物具有一定的研究开发价值。     

甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微胶囊的制备与表征

以三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为壁材,采用原位聚合法制备了甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微胶囊,研究了三聚氰胺与甲醛的质量比、芯壁比、乳化剂、搅拌速度与时间、pH值、温度等因素对微胶囊形成的影响,对制备的微胶囊进行了表征,测定了甲维盐微胶囊化前后的光解率。结果表明,三聚氰胺与甲醛质量比为1∶2、芯材与壁材质量比为3∶2、以质量分数1%羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为乳化剂、在1000r/min搅拌速度下、pH=5.0和50℃保温2h可制备出形貌较好、平均粒径4.4μm的甲维盐微胶囊。红外光谱分析证明,甲维盐已完全被包覆在微胶囊中。紫外分光光度法测定其缓释性能良好。光解实验表明,微胶囊化可有效降低甲维盐原药的光解。     

Domino Diels-Alder reactions of N-methoxyethyl-7-oxa-norbornadiene-2,3-dicarboximide: an elusive, highly reactive dienophile

Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) has been used to generate the novel 7-oxa-norbornadiene-2,3-dicarboxylic imide that in situ gave an unprecedented cycloaddition reaction cascade with the imidofuran, a side-product of FVP. Stereoselectivity of cycloadditions was studied with the aid of density functional calculations, which fully support observed exo/endo-selectivity.     

Benzyl cobaloximes with thiodioximes: Synthesis, structure and reactivity

Five benzyl cobaloximes with different thiodioximes, BnCo[d(SR)gH]₂Py, have been synthesized and four of these complexes have been characterized by X-ray. The reactivity of these complexes towards molecular oxygen has been studied. The puckering of the Co(dioxime)₂ unit, caused by dioxime side chain, the SR group, significantly influences the Co-C bond reactivity. Structural features in one of the oxygen inserted cobaloximes have been studied to confirm if puckering of dioxime is the guiding factor. The reactivity is also affected, to some extent, by the C-H…π interaction between the benzyl and the dioxime moiety.     

层状氢氧化苯甲酸锌的水热合成与表征

在110～180 ℃范围内, 以Zn(OH)2与苯甲酸为原料水热法成功合成了层状氢氧化苯甲酸锌化合物. 通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM、TEM和元素分析研究了合成产物的结构、形貌、性质和化学组成, 探讨了合成条件对水热反应产物的影响. 当C6H5COOH/Zn的摩尔比为0.9～1.0, 水热温度130～150 ℃及水热反应12 h, 合成的层状化合物具有纤维状粒子特征, 层间距为1.44 nm, 化学组成为Zn(OH)1.12•(C6H5COO)0.88.     

Rapid Syntheses of Benzyl Acetate Under Microwave Irradiation

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