Well-posedness for two-dimensional steady supersonic Euler flows past a Lipschitz wedge

For a supersonic Euler flow past a straight-sided wedge whose vertex angle is less than the extreme angle, there exists a shock-front emanating from the wedge vertex, and the shock-front is usually strong especially when the vertex angle of the wedge is large. In this paper, we establish the L¹ well-posedness for two-dimensional steady supersonic Euler flows past a Lipschitz wedge whose boundary slope function has small total variation, when the total variation of the incoming flow is small. In this case, the Lipschitz wedge perturbs the flow, and the waves reflect after interacting with the strong shock-front and the wedge boundary. We first obtain the existence of solutions in BV when the incoming flow has small total variation by the wave front tracking method and then establish the L¹ stability of the solutions with respect to the incoming flows. In particular, we incorporate the nonlinear waves generated from the wedge boundary to develop a Lyapunov functional between two solutions containing strong shock-fronts, which is equivalent to the L¹ norm, and prove that the functional decreases in the flow direction. Then the L¹ stability is established, so is the uniqueness of the solutions by the wave front tracking method. Finally, the uniqueness of solutions in a broader class, the class of viscosity solutions, is also obtained.     

Supersonic flow onto a solid wedge

We consider the problem of two‐dimensional supersonic flow onto a solid wedge, or equivalently in a concave corner formed by two solid walls. For mild corners, there are two possible steady state solutions, one with a strong and one with a weak shock emanating from the corner. The weak shock is observed in supersonic flights. A longstanding natural conjecture is that the strong shock is unstable in some sense. We resolve this issue by showing that a sharp wedge will eventually produce weak shocks at the tip when accelerated to a supersonic speed. More precisely, we prove that for upstream state as initial data in the entire domain, the time‐dependent solution is self‐similar, with a weak shock at the tip of the wedge. We construct analytic solutions for self‐similar potential flow, both isothermal and isentropic with arbitrary γ ≥ 1. In the process of constructing the self‐similar solution, we develop a large number of theoretical tools for these elliptic regions. These tools allow us to establish large‐data results rather than a small perturbation. We show that the wave pattern persists as long as the weak shock is supersonic‐supersonic; when this is no longer true, numerics show a physical change of behavior. In addition, we obtain rather detailed information about the elliptic region, including analyticity as well as bounds for velocity components and shock tangents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Second-order boundary-layer solutions for flow past a blunted wedge

The second-order effects of the longitudinal curvature and displacement for flow past a blunted wedge have been studied employing the Görtler power series in streamwise coordinate, σ. The first five terms for each of the effects have been computed. The results, in general, have a restricted region of validity in the downstream direction due to the limited radius of convergence. The results are improved by using Euler transformation technique and it is found that the results are good even as σ→∞. For a parabola, the present results are compared with the exact numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations and it is shown that the second-order boundary-layer equations can be usefully employed down to Reynolds number 10³.     

The flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a wedge

Summary It is shown that the kinematics of the flow of a general viscoelastic fluid in a wedge, one plate of which is being stretched at a rate proportional to the distance from the wedge apex, is Newtonian in character. Existence proof is given when non-Newtonian effects are slight. Furthermore, the stress field is multivalued at the wedge apex and the pressure field is logarithmically singular there. The strength of this singularity increases with the Weissenberg number.     

On supercavitating flow past a symmetric wedge

Résumé On considère le problème non-linéaire de l'écoulement plan d'un fluide en présence d'un coin symétrique avec cavitation, à l'aide d'un modèle à cavité ouverte. On en donne la solution analytique par l'application de la théorie des transformations conformes et des techniques de Riemann-Hilbert.     

An inverse problem for supersonic flow past a curved wedge

This paper studies an inverse problem for supersonic potential flow past a curved wedge, in which we design a suitable curved wedge such that the shock produced by the curved wedge can be controlled to the given position. Under suitable conditions, by characteristic method, we prove the existence of the global classical solution to this inverse problem and develop an optimal decay rate on the given shock’s second order derivatives. We finally construct a specific wedge such that the shock generated by the wedge is a convex combined one.     

Stability of transonic shock for supersonic flow past a wedge

When steady supersonic flow hits a slim wedge, there may appear an oblique transonic shock attached to the vertex of the wedge, if the downstream pressure is rather large. This paper studies stability in certain weighted partial Hölder spaces of the oblique transonic shock attached to the vertex of a wedge, which is against steady supersonic flows, under perturbations of the upstream flow and the profile of the wedge. We show that under reasonable conditions on the upcoming supersonic flow and the slope of the wedge, such transonic shocks are structural stable. Mathematically, we solve an elliptic–hyperbolic mixed type in an unbounded domain, and the flow field is proved to be C¹. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Supersonic flow past a concave double wedge

The supersonic flow past a concave double wedge is discussed. Because of the interaction between the outer shock attached at the head of the wedge and the inner shock issued from the concave corner, there is a rarefaction wave issued from the intersection of the outer and inner shock. The rarefaction wave is reflected by the outer shock and the wedge infinitely, while the outer shock is also bent due to interaction. The global existence of the solution is proved under the assumptions that the outer shock is weak and the difference of two slopes of the double wedge is small. Meanwhile, a rigorous proof of the asymptotic behavior of the global solution is given. The property is often ap plied to numerical computation. Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Doctoral Programme Foundation of IHEC.     

Potential theory for regular and mach reflection of a shock at a wedge

If a plane shock hits a wedge, a self-similar pattern of reflected shocks travels outward as the shock moves forward in time. The nature of the pattern is explored for weak incident shocks (strength b) and small wedge angles 2θ_w through potential theory, a number of different scalings, some study of mixed equations and matching asymptotics for the different scalings. The self-similar equations are of mixed type. A linearization gives a linear mixed flow valid away from a sonic curve. Near the sonic curve a shock solution is constructed in another scaling except near the zone of interaction between the incident shock and the wall where a special scaling is used. The parameter β = c₁θ²_w(γ + 1)b ranges from 0 to ∞. Here γ is the polytropic constant and C₁ is the sound speed behind the incident shock. For β > 2 regular reflection (weak or strong) can occur and the whole pattern is reconstructed to lowest order in shock strength. For β < 1/2 Mach reflection occurs and the flow behind the reflection is subsonic and can be constructed in principle (with an open elliptic problem) and matched. The case β = 0 can be solved. For 1/2 < β < 2 or even larger β the flow behind a Mach reflection may be transonic and further investigation must be made to determine what happens. The basic pattern of reflection is an almost semi-circular shock issuing, for regular reflection, from the reflection point on the wedge and for Mach reflection, matched with a local interaction flow. Assuming their nature, choosing the least entropy generation, the weak regular reflection will occur for β sufficiently large (von Neumann paradox). An accumulation point of vorticity occurs on the wedge above the leading point. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Circle theorems for steady Stokes flow

Two circle theorems for two-dimensional steady Stokes flow are presented. The first theorem gives an expression for the stream function for a Stokes flow past a circular cylinder in terms of the stream function for a slow and steady irrotational flow in an unbounded incompressible viscous fluid. The second theorem gives a more general expression for the stream function for another Stokes flow past the circular cylinder in terms of the stream function for a slow and steady rotational flow in the same fluid.     

A constrained variational problem for steady vortices in a shear flow

We prove existence of maximisers for a variational problem for a steady vortex anomaly of bounded extent in a uniform shear flow in IR². Kinetic energy is maximised subject to the vorticity being a rearrangement of a prescribled function, and subject to a linear pseudo impulse constrint     

Analytical solution for a steady flow of enclosed rotating disks

Low-Reynolds-number flow plays an important role in the centrifugal separation of fluid particles under microgravity conditions and also in micromechanics due to the miniaturization of fluid mechanical parts. In this situation, the governing equations may be simplified. Here an analytical solution is presented for the steady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between two finite disks enclosed by a cylindrical container for small Reynolds number (Re 10). The general solution is valid for all choices of the aspect ratio () and different cases of disk to cylinder rotation rates (s). An expression for the torque acting on the disk is obtained. The tangential velocity distribution is calculated and presented graphically for different values of ands. Known results in the literature for a single rotating disk and similar problems follow as a particular case of the general solution presented.

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Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche hydrodynamische Vorgänge unter der Bedingung verminderter Schwerkraft aber auch Vorgänge in der Mikromechanik finden im Bereich kleiner Reynoldszahlen statt. In solchen Situationen können die Bewegungsgleichungen vereinfacht und eventuell analytische Lösungen gefunden werden. In dieser Arbeit wird die stationäre Strömung einer viskosen, inkompressiblen Flüssigkeit für kleine Reynolds- und unterschiedliche Aspektzahlen untersucht. Die Flüssigkeit ist zwischen zwei rotierenden Scheiben und einem zylindrischen Behälter eingeschlossen. Eine analytische Lösung für die Tangentialkomponente des Geschwindigkeitsvektors ist für den allgemeinen Fall, dass die Scheiben und der Behälter unterschiedliche Winkelgeschwindigkeiten besitzen können, dargestellt. Des weiteren wurde eine Beziehung für das Widerstandsmoment der rotierenden Scheibe angegeben. Der Verlauf der Tangentialgeschwindigkeiten für verschiedene Rotations- und Aspektverhältnisse wird graphisch dargestellt und diskutiert. Bereits angegebene Lösungen in der Literatur bezüglich dieser Geometrie können als Sonderfall der hier dargestellten Lösung entwickelt werden.

     

Sliding and squeezing flow of a viscoelastic fluid in a wedge

The paper reports an exact three-dimensional similarity solution for the Oldroyd fluid B. The flow involved is generated by closing as well as sliding the boundaries of a two-dimensional wedge. It is found that the squeezing motion is independent of the sliding motion, but not vice-versa. The squeezing load is shown to be a decreasing function of the Weissenberg number, while the frictional coefficient is only weakly-dependent on the Weissenberg number.     

Non-existence of a steady rarefied supersonic flow in a half-space

The one-dimensional BGK model for a Boltzmann gas is studied by linearizing about a drifting Maxwellian. This linearized BGK model is then expressed as an operator differential equation whose unique solution is given by a contour integral of the resolvent of the relevant transport operator. The Wiener-Hopf factorization of the dispersion function for the problem is employed to show that the unique solution to the differential equation exists only for subsonic drift velocities.

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Riassunto Si studia il modello unidimensionale di Bhatnagar, Gross e Krook, linearizzato intorno a una maxwelliana con velocità di deriva. Si trasforma poi questo modello in una equazione differenziale operatoriale, la cui soluzione (unica) è data da un integrale curvilineo del risolvente dell'operatore di trasporto di cui ci si occupa. Impiegando la fattorizzazione alla Wiener-Hopf della funzione di disperisione del problema, si dimostra che la soluzione (unica) del problema esiste solo per velocita di deriva subsoniche.

     

Uniqueness of transonic shock solutions in a duct for steady potential flow

We study the uniqueness of solutions with a transonic shock in a duct in a class of transonic shock solutions, which are not necessarily small perturbations of the background solution, for steady potential flow. We prove that, for given uniform supersonic upstream flow in a straight duct, there exists a unique uniform pressure at the exit of the duct such that a transonic shock solution exists in the duct, which is unique modulo translation. For any other given uniform pressure at the exit, there exists no transonic shock solution in the duct. This is equivalent to establishing a uniqueness theorem for a free boundary problem of a partial differential equation of second order in a bounded or unbounded duct. The proof is based on the maximum/comparison principle and a judicious choice of special transonic shock solutions as a comparison solution.     

Stability of transonic shocks in supersonic flow past a wedge

In this paper we study the stability of transonic shocks in steady supersonic flow past a wedge. We take the potential flow equation as the mathematical model to describe the compressible flow. It is known that in generic case such a problem admits two possible location of shock, connecting the flow ahead it and behind it. They can be distinguished as supersonic-supersonic shock and supersonic-subsonic shock (or transonic shock). Both these possible shocks satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and entropy condition. In this paper we prove that the transonic shock is also stable under perturbation of the coming flow provided the pressure at infinity is well controlled.     

Momentum-flux condition for Landau-Squire jet flow

For a class of similarity solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations called general Slezkin flow, explicit expressions are derived for the components of the momentum-flux tensor. Remarkably enough some of the components depend only on the coefficients of the governing differential equation. Closely related is the introduction of a jet condition, that has to be satisfied a priori by a Landau-Squire jet flow. The new criterion is applied to some jet flows proposed in the literature.

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Zusammenfassung Für eine Klasse von Ähnlichkeitslösungen der Navier-Stokesschen Gleichungen, allgemeine Slezkinsche Strömung genannt, werden explizite Ausdrücke für die Komponenten des Impulsflux-Tensors hergeleitet. Überraschenderweise treten in einigen dieser Komponenten nur die Koeffizienten der die Strömung beherrschenden Differentialgleichung auf. In engem Zusammenhang damit steht die Einführung einer Strahlbedingung, welche von einer Landau-Squireschen Strahlströmung erfüllt werden soll. Das neue Kriterium wird auf einige in der Literatur vorgeschlagene Strahlströmungen angewendet.

     

Falkner-Skan equation for flow past a moving wedge with suction or injection

The characteristics of steady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous and incompressible fluid past a moving wedge with suction or injection are theoretically investigated. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. The effects of Falkner-Skan power-law parameter (m), suction/injection parameter (f0) and the ratio of free stream velocity to boundary velocity parameter (λ) are discussed in detail. The numerical results for velocity distribution and skin friction coefficient are given for several values of these parameters. Comparisons with the existing results obtained by other researchers under certain conditions are made. The critical values off ₀,m and λ are obtained numerically and their significance on the skin friction and velocity profiles is discussed. The numerical evidence would seem to indicate the onset of reverse flow as it has been found by Riley and Weidman in 1989 for the Falkner-Skan equation for flow past an impermeable stretching boundary.