Coke formation during hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of normal paraffins on physically mixed catalysts containing hydrogen-mordenite

Coke formation on physically mixed catalysts containing hydrogen-mordenite and 0.6 wt. % platinum-alumina is found to be directly related to the hydrocracking activity of the catalyst for n-hexane, n-octane and n-decane. No clear relationship is found between coke formation and hydroisomerization activity.

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, - 0,6% . % -, - -. .

     

Mutual effect of benzene and maleic acid anhydride in their adsorption on V2O5?MoO3 catalysts

TPD studies have revealed that benzene and maleic anhydride are adsorbed on different active sites of the V₂O₅–MoO₃ catalyst.

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, - .

     

Propylene oxidation over tin-molybdenum oxide catalysts

The influence of preparation of tin-molybdenum catalysts on their phase composition and activity has been elucidated. The mutual dissolution of Sn and Mo oxides leads to a considerable increase in their activities and selectivities in the partial oxidation of propylene to acetone.

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. , .

     

Specificity of hydrogen adsorption on chromia-supported platinum group metal catalysts

Hydrogen adsorption on chromia supported Pd, Rh and Pt was studied under various pretreatment conditions. The reduction temperature influences strongly the hydrogen uptake for all these metals. Platinum supported on chromia shows an unusually high hydrogen adsorption stoichiometry.

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Pd, Rh Pt, Cr₂O₃, . , . Cr₂O₃ .

     

Preparation and characterization of Ru?Pb supported catalysts

Decomposition of Mn₃Mo₂TeO₁₂ during oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde was observed. Depending on the surface composition of the initial catalyst, the decomposition leads to less active but highly selective MnMoTeO₆ or to MnMoO₄ which is not selective in toluene oxidation.

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Mn₃Mo₂TeO₁₂ . , MnMoTeO₆, MnMoO₆.

     

Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of some aliphatic alcohols by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). A kinetic study

Kinetics of Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, isopropanol and iso-butanol by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of Hg(II) acetate have been studied in acid medium. The oxidation exhibits a fractional order in [alcohol] and first order in [NBS]. The applicability of Taft's equation was tested. The probable mechanism is discussed.

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, , -, -, - () Hg(II), Ru(III), . . . .

     

Pulse-chromatographic determination of molybdenum surface by oxygen adsorption in Co?Mo catalysts

A pulse-chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of molybdenum surface by selective adsorption of oxygen at –78°C in cobalt-molybdenum-alumina catalysts. The surface concentrations of molybdenum in a series of catalysts of different compositions were compared with the activities for cyclohexene hydrogenation and for thiophene hydrogenolysis.

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- –78°C -- . - .

     

Modification of the catalytic activity of Ni/SiO2 in ethane hydrogenolysis, benzene and co hydrogenation by reduction at high temperatures and restoration by O2?H2 treatments

An increase of the temperature of reduction of Ni/SiO₂ from 900 to 1120 K results in a decrease of catalytic activity per unit area in benzene hydrogenation and ethane hydrogenolysis. O₂–H₂ treatments restore the activities. This behavior is similar to that observed on Pt-based catalysts. In contrast, the CO+H₂ reaction on nickel is not affected by such treatments.

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Ni/SiO₂ 900 1120 . O₂–H₂ . , , CO+H₂ .

     

Mercury penetration studies of porous materials

The process of mercury penetration into porous material is described in terms of the percolation theory.

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Studies on the thermal decompositions of As-triazine derivatives and their compounds with metal ions

The thermal decompositions of the new complex salts of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with 5,6-diethoxyearbonylmethyl-3-seleno-1,2,4-triazine (HSeTEK) and 5,6-diethoxycarbonylmethyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazine (HTTEK) were investigated on the basis of the respective thermal curves. The thermoanalytical investigations indicate that HSeTEK, HTTEK, and their complexes with metal ions all undergo three-stage changes as the temperature is raised. The stages of pyrolysis established from the thermal data were compared, and the rates and stages of pyrolysis were related to the structures of the compounds.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung der neuen Komplexsalze von Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) und Cu(II) mit 5,6-Diäthoxycarbonylmethyl-3-seleno-1,2,4-triazin (HSeTEK) und 5,6-Diäthoxycarbonylmethyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazin (HTTEK) wurden auf der Grundlage der entsprechenden thermischen Kurven untersucht. Die thermoanalytischen Untersuchungen zeigen, daß HSeTEK, HTTEK und deren mit Metallionen gebildeten Komplexe bei Temperaturerhöhung einer jeweils dreistufigen Umwandlung unterliegen. Die auf der Basis der thermischen Daten festgestellten Pyrolysestufen wurden verglichen und Geschwindigkeit und Abschnitte der Pyrolyse mittels der Struktur der Verbindungen erläutert.

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, , 5,6- -3--1,2,4- 5,6 5,6 -3--1,2,4-. , . . - .

     

Localization of gallium in erionite type Ga?Al zeolites by71Ga,27Al and29Si NMR

The state of Al³⁺, Ga³⁺ and Si⁴⁺ in erionites obtained by hydrothermal crystallization from Ga–Al–Si gels has been examined. The results suggest that gallium cations can isomorphously substitute a part of silicon cations in the zeolite framework, to a notable extent in the sites having no aluminium cations in the second coordination sphere of silicon.

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Al³⁺, Ga³⁺ Si⁴⁺ , . , , .

     

Kinetics of the oxidation of rescinnamine by peroxodisulfate

The kinetics of the reaction between rescinnamine and potassium peroxodisulfate in acid media has been studied. The behavior of the system in the presence of a large excess of peroxodisulfate is mathematically equivalent to consecutive first-order reactions with pseudofirst order rate constants, k_1obs and k_2obs.

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. , , - k_1obs k_2obs.

     

Zum Thermischen Verhalten von Zitronensäure

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der thermo-optischen Analyse wird gezeigt, daß die widersprüchlichen Angaben in der Literatur zum thermischen Verhalten von Zitronensäuremonohydrat und dem Zitronensäureanhydrit auf eine Überlagerung verschiedener thermischer Reaktionen (Schmelze, Zersetzung, Entmischung und Kristallisation), die mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit ablaufen, zurückzuführen sind. Die thermo-optische Methode ist besonders für die Aufklärung solch komplexer Reaktionsabläufe geeignet. Das Beispiel des thermischen Verhaltens der Zitronensäure zeigt modellhaft die Erscheinungen, die bei der thermischen Analyse technischer Prozesse, wie dem Einschmelzen von Rohstoffgemengen, zu erwarten sind.

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By means of the thermomicroscopy was demonstrated that the discrepancy between the experimental DSC- and TG-data on the decomposition of citric acid in the literature can be explained in terms of superimposing reactions (melting, decomposition, immiscibility, and crystallization), which have different reaction rates. The thermomicroscopy is especially useful explaining such kind of reactions. The thermal behaviour of citric acid can be used as a model reaction in technology.

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, ( , , ), . . .

     

Thermodynamic aspects of conformational transitions in synthetic polypeptides

The helix-coil transition of organic solvent soluble homopolypeptides has been discussed from a largely thermodynamic view-point. The present state and the future prospects are considered.

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Zusammenfassung Der Helix-Ungeordnete Übergang von in organischen Lösungsmitteln löslichen Homopolypeptiden wurde aus einem breiten Gesichtspunkt diskutiert, gegenwärtige Lage und zukünftige Entwicklungsaussichten erörtert.

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R'esumé On a discuté d'une pointe de vue thermodynamique large la transition helix—non helix des homopolypeptides solubles dans des solvants organiques et considéré la situation actuelle ainsi que les perspectives futures.

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, , . .

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The present paper was supported by NSF Grant GB 33484.     

Physical properties of the catalyst used for partial oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone. II. Electron paramagnetic resonance study

Electron paramagnetic resonance studies on intermediates and final active catalyst material used for partial oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone are reported.

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, .

     

Effect of ligands on the hydrogenation selectivity in the presence of rhenium catalysts

It has been established that the catalytic activity of rhenium oxohalide complexes with phosphorus- or sulfur-containing ligands in hydroganation of C₆–C₁₀ olefins, nitrobenzene and p-nitrotoluene is primarily determined by the original ligand to rhenium ion bond. Chain length of olefins does not affect their hydrogenation rate.

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- C₆–C₁₀, - - . .

     

Vapor phase oxidation of methylpyridines on zeolite catalysts

It has been established that zeolites containing Pd and Cu ions catalyze the vapor phase oxidation of methylpyridines. In oxidation of 2-methylpyridine on PdCuNa-mordenite at 375 °C the yield of 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde is 40 % of its theoretical values.

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, , Pd Cu, . 2- PdCuNa- 2- 375°C 40% .

     

Measurement of the rate constant of hydrogen atoms with carbon monoxide in tubular and jet stirred open reactors

The reaction of hydrogen atoms with carbon monoxide has been studied in discharge flow systems with a new method of detection of atoms. The results obtained with tubular and jet stirred open reactors agree with those of other authors working in transient conditions and with more sophisticated techniques.

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. , , , .

     

Surface properties of Fe?Mo?O catalysts and their activity in methanol oxidation to formaldehyde

The Fe^III–Mo^VI–O catalyst was prepared from iso-ortho-Fe(OH)₃ and -FeOOH. The catalysts differed markedly in their activity in methanol oxidation depending on the biography of their iron(III) oxide. The catalytic properties were found to depend on the pore structure of the catalyst.

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Fe(III)–Mo(VI)–O, --Fe(OH)₃ -FeOOH. , . , .

     

Method to affect catalytic properties of low-temperature transition metal oxides

A method to affect the catalytic properties of low-temperature oxide catalysts by their synthesis through hydroxide compounds of the required composition and structure is suggested.

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