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1.
Cationic copolymerization of l-menthyl vinyl ether (l-MVE) with indene (IN) was carried out in several solvents with BF3OEt2 as catalyst at 0°C. The solvents used in this study were selected toluene (Tol), chloroform (CHCl3), chlorobenzene (BzCl), 1,2-dichloroethane (EtCl2), and nitrobenzene; (BzNO2)/Tol = 65/35 mixture solvent. l-Methyl residue, which is an optically active side chain of copolymer produced by cationic copolymerization, was removed with dry hydrogen bromide gas by ether cleavage reaction. The copolymer [vinyl alcohol(VA)–lN], produced by the ether cleavage reaction, also showed optical rotation. From this result, therefore, it was concluded that asymmetric induction takes place in the copolymer main chain. The efficiency of asymmetric induction was determined by the measurement of optical rotation of VA–IN copolymer after the ether cleavage reaction. The efficiency of asymmetric induction in the copolymer main chain developed from the variation on polymerization solvents; the order was Tol > EtCl2 > BzCl > CHCl3 > BzNO2/Tol (65/35) mixture solvent.  相似文献   

2.
The reactions of the intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair‐adduct Ph2PC(p‐Tol)?C(C6F5)B(C6F5)2(CNtBu) with XeF2 gave Ph2P(F)C(p‐Tol)?C(C6F5)B(F)(C6F5)2 ( 3 ). This species reacts with two equivalents of Al(C6F5)3?C7H8 producing the salt, [Ph2P(F)C(p‐Tol)?C(C6F5)B(C6F5)2][F(Al(C6F5)3)2] ( 4 ), whereas reaction with HSiEt3/B(C6F5)3 gave Ph2P(F)C(p‐Tol)?C(H)B(C6F5)3 ( 5 ). The photolysis of 3 resulted in aromatization affording the phenanthralene derivative Ph2P(F)C(p‐Tol(o‐C6F4))?CB(F)(C6F5)2 ( 6 ).  相似文献   

3.
An attempt has been made to design double‐stranded ladder‐like coordination polymers (CPs) of hemidirected PbII. Four CPs, [Pb(μ‐bpe)(O2C‐C6H5)2] ? 2H2O ( 1 ), [Pb2(μ‐bpe)2(μ‐O2C‐C6H5)2(O2C‐C6H5)2] ( 2 ), [Pb2(μ‐bpe)2(μ‐O2C‐p‐Tol)2(O2C‐p‐Tol)2] ? 1.5 H2O ( 3 ) and [Pb2(μ‐bpe)2(μ‐O2C‐m‐Tol)2(O2C‐m‐Tol)2] ( 4 ) (bpe=1,2‐bis(4′‐pyridyl)ethylene), have been synthesised and investigated for their solid‐state photoreactivity. CPs 2 – 4 , having a parallel orientation of bpe molecules in their ladder structures and being bridged by carboxylates, were found to be photoreactive, whereas CP 1 is a linear one‐dimensional (1D) CP with guest water molecules aggregating to form a hydrogen‐bonded 1D structure. The linear strands of 1 were found to pair up upon eliminating lattice water molecules by heating, which led to the solid‐state structural transformation of photostable linear 1D CP 1 into photoreactive ladder CP 2 . In the construction of the double‐stranded ladder‐like structures, the parallel alignment of C?C bonds in 2 – 4 is dictated by the chelating and μ2‐η21 bridging modes of the benzoate and toluate ligands. The role of solvents in the formation of such double‐stranded ladder‐like structures has also been investigated. A single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation occurred when 4 was irradiated under UV light to form [Pb2(rctt‐tpcb)(μ‐O2C‐m‐Tol)2(O2C‐m‐Tol)2] ( 5 ).  相似文献   

4.
Complexes of Titanium — Synthesis, Structure, and Fluxional Behaviour of CpTi{η6‐C5H4=C(p‐Tol)2}Cl (Cp′ = Cp*, Cp) The reaction of Cp′TiCl3 (C′ = Cp* or Cp) with magnesium and 6, 6‐di‐para‐tolylpentafulvene generates good yields of pentafulvene complexes Cp*Ti{η6‐C5H4=C(p‐Tol)2}Cl ( 4 ) and CpTi{η6‐C5H4=C(p‐Tol)2}Cl ( 5 ), respectively. The crystal and molecular structure of 4 have been determined from X‐ray data and exhibits compared to known η6‐pentafulvene complexes an unusual large Ti—C(p‐Tol)2 (Fv)‐distance (2.535(5)Å) evoked by the bulky substituents at the exocyclic carbon. Dynamic 1H‐NMR and spin saturation transfer experiments point out a rotation of the fulvene ligand around the Ti—Ct2 axis (Ct2 = centroid of the fulvene ring carbon atoms) with an activation barrier ΔGC = 60.6 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1 (TC = 314 ± 2 K). For 5 this barrier is significantly larger. Analogous dynamic behaviour is well known for diene complexes, but to our knowledge, it is here first‐time described for a pentafulvene complex.  相似文献   

5.
The fungicidal activity of a series of aryltin com‐<?tw=99%>pounds, Ar3SnOAc (Ar = m‐Tol (m−CH3C6H4),<?tw>­3,5‐Xyl [3,5‐(CH3)2C6H3], o‐Tol (o−CH3C6H4) or Mes [2,4,6‐(CH3)3C6H2]) and (Ar3Sn)2O [Ar = m‐Tol, m‐Anis (m‐CH3OC6H4), or o‐Tol] as well as (Mes)3SnOH, for which IR and NMR (119Sn) data are reported, has been assessed­by radial growth assays on Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinera, Mucor hiemalis, Fusarium solani and Penicillium chrysogenum, and the results­are compared with those for the corresponding triphenyl‐ and tris (p‐tolyl)‐tin compounds. In general, sterically hindered systems (Ar =­Mes) which are unlikely to achieve a trigonal‐bipyramidal five‐coordinate geometry at tin­with oxygen atoms in the axial positions, are ineffective as fungicides. However the o‐tolyltin compounds, particularly the acetate, show some fungicidal activity. A larger size (m‐Anis) or number (3,5‐Xyl) of meta groups decreases fungicidal activity (to zero against P. chryso‐­genum) in comparison with (m‐Tol)3SnX. Indeed, where test substances are inactive as fungicides, they promote the growth rate of P.chrysogenum by up to 60%. The steric effects implied by these data suggest that dimensions of active sites in the F0 unit of the ATPase enzyme may differ significantly for each fungus studied. A model for the active site is proposed, based on the need of the Ar3Sn+ unit first to be able to reach the active site and then to occupy it with the required five‐coordinate geometry so as to inhibit the activity of the ATPase enzyme. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
In the quest for new drug candidates for the safe treatment of parasitic diseases like leishmaniasis, a series of heteroleptic pentavalent antimonials of the type [SbR3(OOCR′)2] were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy. The carboxylate moieties are predominantly substituted benzoates with some complexes that fit in acetato or nicotinato ligands. The crystal structures of [Sb(p‐Tol)3(p‐CH3C6H4COO)2], [Sb(p‐Tol)3(3,5‐Cl2C6H3COO)2] and [Sb(p‐Tol)3(3‐nicotinato)2] were determined crystallographically and shown to adopt geometries intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal, and essentially monomeric with a five‐coordinated Sb center. The leishmanicidal activity was assessed against the Leishmania tropica KWH23 parasite, and the cytotoxicity level was also measured on human macrophage blood cells. It was observed that IC50 of the antimonials was 100‐fold superior as compared with the standard antimonial drug used. Cytotoxicity results showed that these antimonials are highly active even at low concentrations and are biocompatible with human macrophages, making them highly promising drug candidates for further investigation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
Lattice tuning at the ≈1 nm scale is fascinating and challenging; for instance, lattice compression at such a minuscule scale has not been observed. The lattice compression might also bring about some unusual properties, which waits to be verified. Through ligand induction, we herein achieve the lattice compression in a ≈1 nm gold nanocluster for the first time, as detected by the single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In a freshly synthesized Au52(CHT)28 (CHT=S-c−C6H11) nanocluster, the lattice distance of the (110) facet is found to be compressed from 4.51 to 3.58 Å at the near end. However, the lattice distances of the (111) and (100) facets show no change in different positions. The lattice-compressed nanocluster exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) compared to that exhibited by the same-sized Au52(TBBT)32 (TBBT=4-tert-butyl-benzenethiolate) nanocluster and larger Au nanocrystals without lattice variation, indicating that lattice tuning is an efficient method for tailoring the properties of metal nanoclusters. Further theoretical calculations explain the high CO2RR performance of the lattice-compressed Au52(CHT)28 and provide a correlation between its structure and catalytic activity.  相似文献   

8.
Syntheses and structures of five imido‐bridged dinuclear titanium complexes and two (bis)ligand‐coordinated mononuclear titanium complexes are reported. Addition of 1 or 2 equiv. of Schiff base ligand (((1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylene)amino)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐ol (H2L) to Ti(NMe2)4 resulted in transamination with 4 equiv. of dimethylamides generating a (bis)ligand‐coordinated complex Ti(L)2 ( 1 ). Treatment of Ti(NMe2)4 with 1 equiv. of tBuNH2 followed by addition of 1 equiv. of H2L afforded an imido‐bridged complex [Ti(L)(NtBu)]2 ( 2 ). 1:1:1:1 reaction of Ti(NMe2)4/RNH2/H2L/py(or phen) produced imido‐bridgedcomplexes [Ti(L)(NPh)(py)]2 ( 3 ), [Ti(L)(4‐F‐PhN)(py)]2·Tol ( 4 ·Tol), [Ti(L)(4‐Cl‐PhN)(py)]2·Tol·THF ( 5 ·Tol·THF), [Ti(L)(4‐Br‐PhN)(py)]2·Tol ( 6 ·Tol) and a (bis)ligand‐coordinated complex Ti(L)2·phen ( 7 ) (py = pyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline). Attempts to prepare the monomeric titianium imido complexes were unsuccessful. DFT studies show that the assumed compound which contains Ti = N species is less stable than imido‐bridged Ti‐N(R)‐Ti complexes, providing the better understanding of the experimental results.  相似文献   

9.
A new class of α,β‐unsaturated S‐(1,3‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl) thioesters of type 2 have been synthesized and effectively employed as electrophiles in the stereoselective alkylation of indoles. The combination of electronic as well as steric properties of such Michael acceptors allowed us to carry out Friedel? Crafts alkylations of various substituted indoles in the presence of a catalytic amount (20 mol‐%) of chiral cationic [PdII(Tol‐binap)] complexes. With the optimized catalytic system (PdCl2(MeCN)2/Tol‐binap/AgSbF6), the desired β‐indolyl‐substituted thioderivatives 4 were obtained in good yield, with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 86%. The remarkable versatility of the enantiomerically enriched thioesters 4 was demonstrated by quantitatively transforming them into optically active β‐indolyl esters and amides under mild conditions. With this stereoselective, catalytic Friedel? Crafts reaction, we open up the way towards new α,β‐unsaturated compounds that could be suitable candidates for the preparation of a number of optically active β‐substituted carboxylic compounds.  相似文献   

10.
Four D‐π‐A‐type nonionic oxime sulfonate photoacid generators (PAGs) have been designed and synthesized for use in light‐emitting diode (LED) excitable cationic photoinitiators, in which N,N‐diphenylamino was used as electron donor with trifluoroacetophenone‐based oxime sulfonates (trifluoromethanoesulfonate and p‐toluenesulfonate) as electron acceptor and substituted fluorene and biphenyl groups as the π‐conjugated systems. PAG‐Ben‐Tol (with biphenyl and p‐toluenesulfonate) and PAG‐Flu‐Tol (with fluorene and p‐toluenesulfonate) showed high quantum yields of photoacid generation (0.33–0.50) and very good thermal stability (over 250 °C). The absorbance spectra of these PAGs were consistent with the emission spectra of commercially gained UV–visible LED light sources. The potential of these PAGs for cationic photoinitiators was tested in two cationic monomer systems. These PAGs needed low light intensity and low concentration for photopolymerization with high conversions of monomer, for example, over 80%, gained at 3.0 mW cm−2 from 365 to 470 nm LEDs. The photochemical mechanisms of these PAGs are comprehensively investigated and discussed in detail. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56, 1146–1154  相似文献   

11.
Calcined Mg-Al hydrotalcites (CHT) with various Mg/Al atomic ratios were prepared and characterized by XRD, BET and TPD of carbon dioxide. The CHT catalysts were utilized for the synthesis of -pentylcinnamaldehyde (-Pc) from benzaldehyde and n-heptaldehyde in a stirred batch autoclave reactor. An increase of Mg/Al atomic ratio of CHT samples results in the apparent enhancement of catalyst basicity with concomitant decrease of surface areas. Both the catalytic activity and the -Pc selectivity increase with the catalyst basicity and the reaction temperature.  相似文献   

12.
This work investigates the influence of the hydration level on the molecular mobility and glass transition dynamics of freestanding chitosan/alginate (CHT/ALG) nanolayered systems. Nonconventional dynamic mechanical analysis identifies two relaxation processes assigned to the α‐relaxation of the two biopolymers, respectively, CHT and ALG, when immersed in water/ethanol mixtures. This phenomenon explains the shape memory properties of the multilayered systems induced by hydration, thus constituting promising smart materials that would be of paramount importance in a plethora of research fields, including in the biomedical and biotechnological fields.  相似文献   

13.
Comproportionation of [Ni(cod)2] (cod=cyclooctadiene) and [Ni(PPh3)2X2] (X=Br, Cl) in the presence of six‐, seven‐ and eight‐membered ring N‐aryl‐substituted heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) provides a route to a series of isostructural three‐coordinate NiI complexes [Ni(NHC)(PPh3)X] (X=Br, Cl; NHC=6‐Mes 1 , 6‐Anis 2 , 6‐AnisMes 3 , 7‐o‐Tol 4 , 8‐Mes 5 , 8‐o‐Tol 6 , O‐8‐o‐Tol 7 ). Continuous wave (CW) and pulsed EPR measurements on 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 and 7 reveal that the spin Hamiltonian parameters are particularly sensitive to changes in NHC ring size, N substituents and halide. In combination with DFT calculations, a mixed SOMO of ∣3d〉 and ∣3d〉 character, which was found to be dependent on the complex geometry, was observed and this was compared to the experimental g values obtained from the EPR spectra. A pronounced 31P superhyperfine coupling to the PPh3 group was also identified, consistent with the large spin density on the phosphorus, along with partially resolved bromine couplings. The use of 1 , 4 , 5 and 6 as pre‐catalysts for the Kumada coupling of aryl chlorides and fluorides with ArMgY (Ar=Ph, Mes) showed the highest activity for the smaller ring systems and/or smaller substituents (i.e., 1 > 4 ≈ 6 ? 5 ).  相似文献   

14.
A Pd complex, cis‐[Pd(C6F5)2(THF)2] ( 1 ), is proposed as a useful touchstone for direct and simple experimental measurement of the relative ability of ancillary ligands to induce C?C coupling. Interestingly, 1 is also a good alternative to other precatalysts used to produce Pd0L. Complex 1 ranks the coupling ability of some popular ligands in the order PtBu3>o‐TolPEWO‐F≈tBuXPhos>P(C6F5)3≈PhPEWO‐F>P(o‐Tol)3≈THF≈tBuBrettPhos?Xantphos≈PhPEWO‐H?PPh3 according to their initial coupling rates, whereas their efficiency, depending on competitive hydrolysis, is ranked tBuXPhos≈PtBu3o‐TolPEWO‐F>PhPEWO‐F>P(C6F5)3?tBuBrettPhos>THF≈P(o‐Tol)3>Xantphos>PhPEWO‐H?PPh3. This “meter” also detects some other possible virtues or complications of ligands such as tBuXPhos or tBuBrettPhos.  相似文献   

15.
An in situ bimolecular reaction, in which syngas is fed with toluene as a secondary reactant (hereafter Tol in situ methylation), was studied over bifunctional catalysts comprised of methanol synthesis catalyst and H-ZSM-5 in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor at 460 psig. When physically mixed with H-ZSM-5 to form bifunctional catalysts, CrZ_HZ (Cr2O3/ZnO + HZSM-5) catalyst showed much higher activity than CZA_HZ (CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 + H-ZSM-5) in the Tol in situ methylation, while CrZ catalyst exhibited substantially lower activity than CZA in methanol synthesis. CO conversion to methanol in the Tol in situ methylation was estimated by Bz in situ methylation. The CO conversion to methanol was calculated to be in the range of 11–27 %, while that in methanol synthesis over CrZ was about 5 % at most due to chemical equilibrium limitation. By employing a silicalite-coated H-ZSM-5 (Sil/HZ) in bifunctional catalyst, xylene selectivity and para-xylene yield were much improved in the Tol in situ methylation.  相似文献   

16.
The Crystal Structures of Triphenylarsin-p-toluene Sulfonylimine and of its Donor-Acceptor Complex [ZrCl4(Ph3AsNSO2Tol)]2 The molecular structures of the title compounds are reported. In the donor-acceptor complex [ZrCl4(Ph3AsNSO2Tol)]2 the zirconium atoms are bridged by the oxygen atoms of the triphenylarsin-p-toluene sulfonylimine molecules, forming a centrosymmetric dimer with a puckered Zr2O4S2 eight-membered ring in the chair conformation. Ph3AsNSO2Tol: Space group P1 , Z = 2, structure determination with 4 010 observed unique reflections, R = 0.036. Lattice dimensions at 19°C: a = 897.52(4), b = 1 071.82(6), c = 1 337,49(5) pm, α = 110.280(4)°, β = 98.814(4)°, γ = 109.872(4)°. [ZrCl4(Ph3AsNSO2Tol)]2: Space group P21/n, Z = 4, structure determination with 3 762 observed unique reflections, R = 0.078. Lattice dimensions at ?60°C: a = 1 387.3(4), b = 1 434.9(2), c = 1 404.7(4) pm, β = 92.71(1)°.  相似文献   

17.
Cyanide is a hazardous and detrimental chemical that causes the inactivation of the respiration system through the inactivation of cytochrome c oxidase. Because of the limitation in the number of cyanide-degrading enzymes, there is a great demand to design and introduce new enzymes with better functionality. This study developed an integrated method of protein-homology-modelling and ligand-docking protein-design approaches that reconstructs a better active site from cyanide hydratase (CHT) structure. Designing a mutant CHT (mCHT) can improve the CHT performance. A computational design procedure that focuses on mutation for constructing a new model of cyanide hydratase with better activity was used. In fact, this study predicted the three-dimensional (3D) structure of CHT for subsequent analysis. Inducing mutation on CHT of Trichoderma harzianum was performed and molecular docking was used to compare protein interaction with cyanide as a ligand in both CHT and mCHT. By combining multiple designed mutations, a significant improvement in docking for CHT was obtained. The results demonstrate computational capabilities for enhancing and accelerating enzyme activity. The result of sequence alignment and homology modeling show that catalytic triad (Cys-Glu-Lys) was conserved in CHT of Trichoderma harzianum. By inducing mutation in CHT structure, MolDock score enhanced from −18.1752 to −23.8575, thus the nucleophilic attack can occur rapidly by adding Cys in the catalytic cavity and the total charge of protein in pH 6.5 is increased from −6.0004 to −5.0004. Also, molecular dynamic simulation shows a stable protein-ligand complex model. These changes would help in the cyanide degradation process by mCHT.  相似文献   

18.
The crystal structure of the [Eu(Tol)3]2 · 2DPH complex (Tol = toluic acid anion, DPG = diphenylguanidine) was determined by X-ray crystallography. The coordination polyhedron of a Eu atom [EuO6] (CN = 8) is a distorted square antiprism with nonplanar quadrilateral faces. Diphenylguanidine molecules have been shown to be randomly distributed over the symmetry centers of a unit cell with site occupancies of 0.5. The π stacking interaction C-H…Cg exists in the structure to stabilize it. Luminescent characteristics of the compound have been determined.  相似文献   

19.
A Pd complex, cis‐[Pd(C6F5)2(THF)2] ( 1 ), is proposed as a useful touchstone for direct and simple experimental measurement of the relative ability of ancillary ligands to induce C−C coupling. Interestingly, 1 is also a good alternative to other precatalysts used to produce Pd0L. Complex 1 ranks the coupling ability of some popular ligands in the order PtBu3>o‐TolPEWO‐F≈tBuXPhos>P(C6F5)3≈PhPEWO‐F>P(o‐Tol)3≈THF≈tBuBrettPhos≫Xantphos≈PhPEWO‐H≫PPh3 according to their initial coupling rates, whereas their efficiency, depending on competitive hydrolysis, is ranked tBuXPhos≈PtBu3o‐TolPEWO‐F>PhPEWO‐F>P(C6F5)3tBuBrettPhos>THF≈P(o‐Tol)3>Xantphos>PhPEWO‐H≫PPh3. This “meter” also detects some other possible virtues or complications of ligands such as tBuXPhos or tBuBrettPhos.  相似文献   

20.
One‐electron reduction of C2‐arylated 1,3‐imidazoli(ni)um salts (IPrAr)Br (Ar=Ph, 3 a ; 4‐DMP, 3 b ; 4‐DMP=4‐Me2NC6H4) and (SIPrAr)I (Ar=Ph, 4 a ; 4‐Tol, 4 b ) derived from classical NHCs (IPr=:C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CHCH, 1 ; SIPr=:C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CH2CH2, 2 ) gave radicals [(IPrAr)]. (Ar=Ph, 5 a ; 4‐DMP, 5 b ) and [(SIPrAr)]. (Ar=Ph, 6 a ; 4‐Tol, 6 b ). Each of 5 a , b and 6 a , b exhibited a doublet EPR signal, a characteristic of monoradical species. The first solid‐state characterization of NHC‐derived carbon‐centered radicals 6 a , b by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction is reported. DFT calculations indicate that the unpaired electron is mainly located at the original carbene carbon atom and stabilized by partial delocalization over the adjacent aryl group.  相似文献   

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