Supersemiprime Rings and Supersemiprime Radical

§1.　IntroductionInthisrecentyears,theprimeringswithspecialpropertieshavebeenstudiedsomeau-thors,forexample,N.T.Groenewaldintroducedthecompletelyprimeringsandthecompletelyrimeradicalin[1].D.HandelmanandJ.Lawrencediscussedthestronglyprimeringsandthestronglyprimeradicalin[2].S.Veldsmanstudiedthesuperprimeringsandthesuperprimeradicalin[3].ZhangXianjunintroducedtheAbsolutelysemiprimeringsandtheabsolutelysemiprimeradicalandsoon.Theaimofthispaperistostudythesemiprimeringswithspecialpropertiesan…     

The Pointwise Characterizations of Fuzzy Ideals and Fuzzy Prime Ideals

TheconceptofthefuzzysubgroupsintroducedinRosenfeld[l],wasappliedtogeneralizesomeofthebasicconceptsofalgebra.In[2,3,4]LuWangjindefinedfuzzysubringsandfuzzyideals,introducedtheoperationsonfuzzyidea1s.In[5]theautherdiscussedaboutthenatureoffuzzysubringsbythenestedsubring.Butthepointwisedefinitionsoffuzzysubgroupsandfuzzysubringsarerare.Inthispaper,theautherprogramsanddiscussesthefuzzysubrings,fuzzyidealsandfuzzyprimeidealsbyfuzzyPoints..5l.PreliminariesLetusrecallsomeconceptsoccurrjnginthe[2,3…     

One-point extension and recollement

This paper is devoted to studying the recollement of the categories of finitely generated modules over finite dimensional algebras. We prove that for algebras A, B and C, if A-mod admits a recollement relative to B-mod and C-mod, then A[R]-mod admits a recollement relative to B[S]-mod and C-mod, where A[R]and B[S]are the one-point extensions of A by R and of B by S.     

Meta—projective Modules,Tensor Products and Limits

Inthispaper,allringsconsideredareassociativewithl#o,allmodulesareunital.Meta-projectivemodulesandmeta-injectivemeduleswerefirstintroductedbyChen-Tong[l]andFeng[2j.LetRbearing,andMaleftR-module.M,iscalledamaximalquotientprojectivesubmeduleofMifM,isamaximalsubmoduleandM/M'isprojective.Accordingto[2j,M,iscalledamaximalquotientinjectivesubmoduleofMifMiisamaximalsubmoduleandM/M,isinjective.Missaidtobemeta-projectiveiftheintersectionofMandallmaximal...quotientproJectivemodulesiso.Similarly,M…     

Direct and Inverse Results for Combinations and Derivatives of Bernstein Operators

The author is supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of China.For the Bernstein operators, M. Felten[l] gave the direct and inverse estimates by theDitzian-Totik modulus of smoothness w~2(f, t), whereby the step-weight. is a function as suchthat is concave for the direct estimate and . are concavefor the inverse estimate. For the combinations of the Bernstein operators, D. X. Zhou[2] gavethe direct and inverse estimates by the classical modulus of smoothness wit…     

Characterization of Hereditary Rings ViaInjectivity and Projectivity Classes

Throughout,allringsconsideredhaveanidentity,modulesareunitalleftmodulesandE(M)standsfortheinjectivehullofM.Now,letSbeaclassofmodules,thatisacollectionofR-modulessuchthatifM∈SthenanyR-moduleisomorphictoMbelongstoS.Wewillfreelyusethenotation,terminologyandresultsof[2].Recently,thereareanumberofwellknowntheoremswhichcharacterizeringsintermsofinjectiveandprojectivemodules(cf.[1],[3]and[4]).In[5,6]injectivityclassesandprojec-tivityclassesareintroducedandsimilarresultsremaintruewheninjectivity(…     

A Fixed Point Theorem and its Application to Best Approximation

The object of this paper is twofold. First, a fixed point theorem of G.L. Cain, Jr. and M. Z. Nashed [1] is generalized. Second, the theorem (Theoreml) is utilized to obtain theorems on best approximation which extend and unify the results of Meinardus [2], Singh [ 3—4 ], and Sahney Singh-Whitfield [5].     

Fuzzy Metrics Characterized by Molecules and Sets

Erceg in [1] extended the Hausdorff distance function betwen subsets of a set X to fuzzy settheory, and introduced a fuzzy pseudo-quasi-metric(p. q. metric) p: L~x xL~x -[0,∞] where L is acompletely distributive lattice, and the associated family of neighborhood mappings {Dr |r>O}. Thefuzzy metric space in Erceg's sense is denoted by (L~x, p, Dr) since there exists a one to one correspondence between fuzzy p. q. metrics and associatcd families of neighborhood mapping, a family{Dr|r>0}satisfying certain conditions is also callcd a (standard) fuzzy p. q metric. In [2] Liang defimed apointwise fuzzy p. q. metric d: P(L~x)×P(L~x)-[0, ∞) and applicd it to the construction of theproduct fuzzy metric. In this paper, we give axiomatic definitions of molcculewise and fuzzy     

B—space and Br—spaces Versus Transformed Points

In this paper,we study B-spaces and Br-spaces by the transformed points of continuous,nearly open mappings.Two main results of J.D.Weston‘s [1] and T.Byczkowkis and R.Pol‘s[2] are generalized to ωμ-additive spaces and ωμ-metrizable spaces.     

Two Theorems on Volume and Dihedral Angles of a n—dimensional Simplex

In this paper,we obtain thorem 1 on volum of a n-dimensional simplex and theorem 2 on dihedral angles of a simplex.Besides.We obtain Vasic inequality in E^n and its extension.The results in this paper contain and improve the results in paper[1]、[2]、[3]、[4].     

Carleson Measure and Multipliers on Bergman Space

1. Introduction.In 1962, Carleson [2] proved the well known Carleson measure theorem for Hardy space. In 1975. Hastings [5] obtained an analogous theorem for Bergman space. In this paper we prove a Carleson type theorem for the quasi-normal weighted Bergman space using a way other than Hastings'.As an application we obtain a theorem on multiplier theory. This generalizes     

Generllzation of Direct Product and Generation of Sets of Orthogonal Functions

Two new kinds of direct product of matrices are defined. Their properties are investigated. Direct products of matrix and set of continuous functions are also defined. Many complete sets of orthogonal functions, such as those sets given by Walsh [2], Paley [3], Chrestenson[4], and Watari [5], may be generated by these newkinds of direct product. Direct products are also applicable to the generation of sets of piecewise orthogonal functions.     

RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS The New Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for the Uniformly Continuous and Continuous of Duality Mappings

In[1],Ma shaoqin gave the necessary and sufficient condition for the uniformlycontinuous and continuous of duality mappings.In the note,We give very simplecriteria for the uniformly continuous and continuous of duality mappings.And by[1],the necessary and sufficient conditions for the norm of a real Banach Space to beuniformly Frechet differentiable and Frechet differentiable are described.     

Analytic Solutions of Klein-gordon Equation and Generalized Schrdinger Equation

Inmanyapproximationcases,wecansumlotsofphysicalphenomenonsuptoKlein_gor donequationutt- (uxx+uyy) +α2 u +g(uu )u =0 ,(1 )whereg(z)isafunctionofzandu iscojugatecomplexnumberofu .ManyscholarshavebeeninterestedinanalyticsolutionofEq .(1 ) .Sinceitisestablihed .Papers [1 ,2 ]and [3]viewedrespecrtivelyaccuratesolutionandanalyticsolutionofEq .(1 )wheng(z) =βz .Inpa per [4] ,weobtainedaclassofanalyticsolutionofEq .(1 )wheng(z) =βz1 /k,k∈R+ andaclassofanalyticsolutionofgeneralizedSchrodingerequ…     

On the Blowing-up and Quenching Problems for Semilinear Heat Equation

In recent years due to investigations on some practical problems it is found solutions of initial or initial-boundary value problems for semilinear heat equation and other equations may blow up or quench. See, for example, [1]-[9]. In [1] S. Kaplan discussed general parabolic equation     

On a Lemma of Erdos et al and Its Applications

In 1943, Erdos stated a famous result concerning interpolatory polynomials,but no proof given. Since this theorem is a fundamental and frequently quoted resultof the theory of interpolation, Erdos et al. published a proof in[2] (1989) recently.Three deep lemmas have been established in [2] in order to give this proof. However,we found that the proof of lemma 2 of [2] is not correct. The main purpose of this     

On Subgroups and Quotient Groups of L-fuzzy Topological Groups

In paper [1], it gave the concept and basic properties of L-fuzzy topological groups. This paper will enter the concept of quotient groups of L-fuzzy topological groups and will prove some properties of subgroups and quotient groups. The persent work is the continuation of [1] and hence all the conventions in [1] still hold good in the present paper.     

Theorems of Main Boundedness Type, Derivations and Module Derivations

The study of automatic continuity for Banach algebras rests heavily on threetechnical results, namely the main boundedness theorem (cf. [1] and [2]),stability of separating spaces and finiteness of discontinuous points (Lemma1. 6 and Theorem 2.3 in [3]. It has long been asked whether the last two results     

On Sums of a Prime, and a Square of Prime, and a κ-power of Prime

In 1923, Hardy and Littlewood[1] conjectured that each integer n can be written asp+m12+ m22 = n,and Linnik[2,3] proved that this conjecture is true. But if these mi with i = 1,2 are restricted to primes Pi, the corresponding result is out of reach at present. We consider the following Diophantine equation     

Cyclic Vectors for Bilateral Weighted Shifts and Other Problems

In this paper, for notation and terminology, we follow the article[1]. 1.The twenty-seventh question of Allen Shields[1] asks: if T is an injective bilateral shift, must T or T have a cyclic vector ? we now answer this question for a class of injective bilateral weighted shifts. Theorem 1. Let T be an injective bilateral weighted shift. If T is hyponormal but nonnormal , then T~* has no cyclic vectors, and T has a cyclic vector.