氯唑沙宗的电化学行为及测定

建立灵敏快速测定氯唑沙宗的新方法。在0.24 mol·L-1KH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH6.81±0.1)支持电解质中,氯唑沙宗于0.80 V(vs.SCE)电位处产生一还原波。加入过二硫酸钾后,该还原波峰电流增加约10倍,峰电位基本不变,产生一极谱催化波。其二阶导数峰电流Ip″与氯唑沙宗的浓度在2.0×10-7~8.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9981,n=8),检出限为1.0×10-7mol·L-1。该方法可用于药剂中氯唑沙宗含量的测定。     

维生素B2的极谱催化波研究及应用

维生素B2是人和动物维持机体正常结构与功能的必需营养物质,具有广泛的生理功能。目前,测定维生素B2的方法有高效液相色谱法、荧光分析法、化学发光分析法、紫外分光光度法及电化学分析法等,而其中电化学分析法大都需要采用化学修饰电极,对电极需特殊处理,比较麻烦和费时。本文发现在KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,维生素B2在-0．43V（vs．SCE）电位附近产生的还原波可被H2O2催化,产生一新的极谱催化波。通过伏安分析并结合光谱分析,本文研究并推导了该极谱催化波的产生机理,并建立了测定维生素B2的新方法。该方法简单,操作简便快速,无需对电极进行特殊处理,而灵敏度与其他电化学测定方法相当。     

阿托伐他汀钙的电化学行为及其应用研究

采用线性扫描伏安法、循环伏安法及恒电位电解法研究了新型抗血脂紊乱药物阿托伐他汀钙(AC)的电化学行为,建立了一种直接测定AC的伏安方法。在0.06 mol/L KH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH 7.17)缓冲溶液中,AC产生一个还原波,实验结果表明:该还原波属于AC的催化氢波,其峰电流与AC浓度在5.0×10-6~4.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为2×10-6mol/L。     

基于甲醇自由基还原波的甲醇极谱测定

利用过硫酸根在电极上还原产生的硫酸根自由基SO4· - 将甲醇氧化成甲醇自由基HC·HOH ,该自由基还原产生极谱还原波 ,拟定了极谱测定甲醇的新方法。在 0 .0 33mol/LKH2 PO4+Na2 HPO4(pH 6.1± 0 .1 ) + 1 .6× 1 0 - 2 mol/LK2 S2 O8介质中 ,甲醇自由基还原波峰电流与甲醇浓度在 3.1 5× 1 0 - 4 mol/L～ 9 46× 1 0 - 3mol/L范围呈线性关系。用该方法测定了甲醇生产车间空气中的甲醇含量     

阻抑动力学光度法测定水中痕量苯胺

基于KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲介质中,痕量苯胺对高碘酸钾氧化维多利亚绿反应有阻抑作用,建立了一种测定痕量苯胺的催化动力学的新方法。该方法的线性范围为0~100μg/L,检出限为2.0×10-6g/L。已用于废水中苯胺的测定。     

酮洛芬的伏安行为及吸附缔合平行极谱催化波研究

采用线性扫描极谱法、循环伏安法及恒电位电解法在NH4Cl-NH3.H2O(pH9.5)缓冲液中研究了酮洛芬(KPF)的伏安行为和极谱催化波的产生机理。结果表明,KPF的羰基首先发生1e-和1H 还原,产生中间体质子化羰基自由基,该自由基再以同样方式进一步还原生成相应的羟基化合物,并伴随有化学反应;引入K2S2O8后,S2O82-作为配位体与吸附在电极表面质子化的KPF形成缔合物,引起峰电位负移,S2O82-及其还原中间产物SO4.-氧化经1e-和1H 还原的KPF羰基自由基,使峰电流显著增加,从而产生了KPF的吸附缔合平行极谱催化波。测得S2O82-氧化KPF质子化羰基自由基的表观速率常数Kf=1.2×104/s。     

抗癌药物马蔺子素伏安行为及极谱催化波研究

采用线性扫描示波极谱法、循环伏安法、紫外光谱法及恒电位电解法等方法分别在水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)两种介质中研究了抗癌药物马蔺子素的伏安行为及其极谱平行催化波产生机理.结果表明,在Na₂B₄O₇-KH₂PO₄(pH=7.7)缓冲溶液中,马蔺子素的醌基首先发生1e-和1H+还原,产生中间体半醌自由基,该自由基再以同样方式进一步还原生成相应氢醌,并伴随有化学反应;在DMF-四乙基溴化铵(TEAB)质子惰性介质中,马蔺子素连续两步单电子还原生成相应氢醌阴离子,无中间体半醌自由基的化学反应发生.上述过程产生马蔺子素可逆还原波.当氧化剂K₂S₂O₈存在时,马蔺子素醌基还原中间体半醌自由基被氧化,使原醌基再生,产生了马蔺子素的极谱平行催化波.测得S₂O₈^2-氧化马蔺子素半醌自由基的表观一级速率常数k_f=3.3×10⁶L·mol^-1·s^-1.     

茜素S复合铋膜电极电催化还原氯霉素

本研究采用电化学法制备茜素S复合铋膜修饰玻碳电极,利用循环伏安法、差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究氯霉素在茜素S复合铋膜电极上的电化学行为,并对其电化学测试条件进行优化.在pH 7.0的KH2PO4-Na2HPO4缓冲溶液中,氯霉素在-0.63 V处产生一灵敏的不可逆还原峰,显示出复合铋膜对氯霉素的还原有很好的催化作用.D...     

β-环糊精-H2O2存在下极谱催化法测定六次甲基四胺

建立了在氧化剂存在下利用分子识别测定六次甲基四胺的电化学分析方法。在KH2PO4 Na2HPO4(pH6.24) β环糊精(βCD)的支持电解质中,六次甲基四胺与βCD形成的包合物于-0.80V(vs.SCE)电位处产生一极谱还原波;加入H2O2后,该还原波的峰电流增加约10倍,峰电位基本不变,产生了一较灵敏的极谱催化波。其二阶导数峰电流ip″与六次甲基四胺浓度在4.0×10-6～5.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9990,n=8),检出限为2.0×10-6mol/L。该方法可用于工业乌洛托品和树脂样品中六次甲基四胺的测定。     

极谱催化波法测定土霉素

H2 O2 存在时 ,产生土霉素的极谱催化波 ,该催化波的灵敏度比相应土霉素的还原波高 8倍 ,据此拟定了测定土霉素的新方法。在 0 .1 0mol LKH2 PO4 Na2 HPO4(pH 7.4± 0 .2 ) - 1 .6× 1 0 -3 mol LH2 O2 底液中 ,催化波峰电流与土霉素浓度在 5 .0× 1 0 -7～ 9.0× 1 0 -6mol L范围内呈线性关系 (n =1 0 ,r=0 9996)。检出限为 1 .0× 1 0 -7mol L。     

High Selective Determination of Anionic Surfactant Using Its Parallel Catalytic Hydrogen Wave

IntroductionAnionicsurfactants (AS)arewidelyusedinhouse holdorindustrialcleaners ,cosmetics ,researchlaborato ries,textiles ,pharmacies ,etc .,solargeamountofASreleasedintotheenvironmentarecausingpollution .There foreitisnecessarytodevelopafast,simpleandcosteffec tivemethodforthedeterminationofAS .Theofficialmeth odsrecommendedforthedeterminationofASarespec trophotometryandpotentialtitration .SpectrophotometricmethodanditsvariationsarebasedonthemeasurementofthecoloredassociatesofASwithposi…     

Polarographic Behavior of Gemfibrozil in the Presence of Dissolved Oxygen and Its Analytical Application

The polarographic behavior of gemfibrozil is investigated in 0.2 mol L^?1 KH₂PO₄‐Na₂HPO₄ (pH 5.8±0.1)‐8% ethanol supporting electrolyte in the absence and the presence of dissolved oxygen. The results demonstrate that the polarographic reduction peak at ca. ?1.17 V is a catalytic hydrogen wave after deaeration, and the enhanced reduction peak in the presence of dissolved oxygen is the so‐called parallel catalytic hydrogen wave. Based on the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave, a novel method has been developed for the determination of gemfibrozil by single sweep polarography. Calibration plot is linear in the range of 1.8×10^?7–2.4×10^?6 mol L^?1 and detection limit is 9.0×10^?8 mol L^?1. The proposed method is applied to the direct determination of the gemfibrozil in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is simpler, faster and more sensitive than the known methods for gemfibrozil analyses.     

Polarographic catalytic wave of hydrogen——Parallel catalytic hydrogen wave of bovine serum albumin in the presence of oxidants

A polarographic catalytic hydrogen wave of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at about -1.80 V (vs. SCE) in NH4CI-NH3 · H2O buffer is further catalyzed by such oxidants as iodate, per-sulfate and hydrogen peroxide, producing a kinetic wave. Studies show that the kinetic wave is a parallel catalytic wave of hydrogen, which resulted from that hydrogen ion is electrochemically reduced and chemically regenerated through oxidation of its reduction product, atomic hydrogen, by oxidants mentioned above. It is a new type of poralographic catalytic wave of protein, which is suggested to be named as a parallel catalytic hydrogen wave.     

Study and application of parallel catalytic hydrogen wave of lincomycin in the presence of persulfate

The polarographic currents of lincomycin in the absence and the presence of persulfate are studied by linear potential scan polarography and cyclic voltammetry. The reduction wave of lincomycin in phosphate buffer is a catalytic hydrogen wave, which is the reduction of the proton combined with lincomycin in nature. When S₂O₈²⁻ is present, the atomic hydrogen as intermediate product from the reduction of the combined proton is oxidized by both S₂O₈²⁻ and its reduction intermediate, sulfate radical anion SO₄⁻, to regenerate the original proton, producing the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave. Based on the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave, a novel method for the determination of lincomycin is proposed. In 0.48 mol l⁻¹ KH₂PO₄-Na₂HPO₄ (pH 7.4)-8.0×10⁻³ mol l⁻¹ K₂S₂O₈ supporting electrolyte, the peak potential of the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave is −1.82 V (vs. SCE). The second-order derivative peak current is rectilinear to the lincomycin concentration in the range of 8.5×10⁻⁸-9.0×10⁻⁵ mol l⁻¹ and the detection limit is 4×10⁻⁸ mol l⁻¹. The parallel catalytic hydrogen wave is three orders in magnitude higher than that of the corresponding catalytic hydrogen wave in analytical sensitivity. The proposed method is applied to the rapid determination of lincomycin hydrochloride in eye drops without previous separation.     

Polarographic catalytic wave of hydrogen

A polarographic catalytic hydrogen wave of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at about-1.80 V (vs. SCE) in NH₄Cl-NH₃ · H₂O buffer is further catalyzed by such oxidants as iodate, persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, producing a kinetic wave. Studies show that the kinetic wave is a parallel catalytic wave of hydrogen, which resulted from that hydrogen ion is electrochemically reduced and chemically regenerated through oxidation of its reduction product, atomic hydrogen, by oxidants mentioned above. It is a new type of poralographic catalytic wave of protein, which is suggested to be named as a parallel catalytic hydrogen wave.     

Adsorption-parallel catalytic waves of cinnamic acid in hydrogen peroxide-tetra-n-butylammonium bromide-acetate system

The mechanism of the adsorption-parallel catalytic wave of cinnamic acid (C6H5—CH = CH—COOH) in acetate buffer (pH = 4.0)-H2O2-tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (Bu4N · Br) solution was studied by the linear-sweep polarography, cyclic voltammetry and digital simulation approach. Experimental results indicate that the reduction mechanism of cinnamic acid is ECdimE' process, in which the C = C double bond of cinnamic acid first undergoes 1 e, 1H reduction to produce an intermediate free radical C6H5—CH—CH2—COOH(E), then the further reduction of the free radical in 1e,1H addition (E') occurs simultaneously with a dimerization reaction between two free radicals (Cdim). Bu4N · Br enhances the polarographic current of cinnamic acid and shifts the peak potential to positive direction. The enhancement action of Bu4N · Br is due to the adsorption of cinnamic acid induced by Bu4N species. In addition, H2O2 causes the parallel catalytic wave of cinnamic acid. The mechanism of the catalytic wave is EC' proce     

Studies on the Polarographic Catalytic Wave of Cinnamic Acid-Bu4NBr-H2O2 System

A new-type of polarographic catalytic wave of organic compound,the polarographic catalytic wave of cinnamic acid (CA) in the presence of tetra-butylammonium bromide (Bu₄NBr) and H₂O₂, is reported based on the combination of the reduction current of adsorbed CA induced by Bu₄NBr with the catalytic current of CA caused by H₂O₂. The dual enhancement of both Bu₄NBr and the oxidizing agent H₂O₂ on the polarographic current of CA produces excellent sensitivity.     

Determination of lomefloxacin, an antibacterial drug, in pharmaceutical preparations based on its polarographic catalytic wave in the presence of 2-iodoacetamide.

In a 0.125 mol/L phosphate (pH 6.6)/2.5 x 10(-4) mol/L 2-iodoacetamide solution, lomefloxacin yields a response of a polarographic catalytic current. The second-order derivative peak current of the catalytic wave of lomefloxacin is proportional to its concentration in the range of 1.0 x 10(-8)-1.0 x 10(-6) mol/L (r = 0.998). The sensitivity of the catalytic wave is 25-times higher than that of the corresponding reduction wave for 5.0 x 10(-7) mol/L lomefloxacin. The proposed method was applied to the determination of lomefloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations. The polarographic reduction wave is ascribed to a one-electron reduction of the C=C bond of lomefloxacin zwitterion accompanied by an acid-base equilibrium. The catalytic wave should be caused by regeneration of the lomefloxacin molecule at electrode surface due to the one-electron reduction product being further oxidized by electroreductive intermediate products of 2-iodoacetamide.     

Rapid determination of telmisartan in pharmaceuticals and serum by the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave method

The polarographic characteristics of telmisartan have been investigated in 0.8 mol L^–1 NH₃.H₂O–NH₄Cl (pH 8.9)–0.01 mol L^–1 H₂O₂ as supporting electrolyte. The results demonstrate that the polarographic reduction wave at ca. –1.30 V in the absence of H₂O₂ is a catalytic hydrogen wave, and the reduction wave enhanced by H₂O₂ is a so-called parallel catalytic hydrogen wave. The analytical sensitivity of the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave is ca. 60 times higher than that of the corresponding catalytic hydrogen wave. Based on the parallel catalytic hydrogen wave a novel method has been developed for determination of telmisartan by linear sweep polarography. The calibration curve is linear in the range 2.0×10^–8–2.0×10^–6 mol L^–1 and the detection limit is 1.0×10^–8 mol L^–1. The precision is excellent with relative standard deviations of 2.6% at a concentration of 1.0×10^–7 mol L^–1 telmisartan. The proposed method has been applied to the direct determination of the telmisartan in capsule forms and biological samples. The proposed method has been proved to be advantageous over existing CZE and MEKC methods in simplicity, rapidity, and reproducibility.     

Determination of Hemin using a Parallel Catalytic Reduction Wave of its Protoporphyrin IX Ring

Abstract

Hemin, iron (III) protoporphyrin IX chloride, in NH₃‐NH₄Cl buffer solution of pH 9.5 produces an insensitive reduction wave at about ?0.70 V (vs. saturated calomel reference electrode, SCE) by using single sweep polarography. Adding oxidant K₂S₂O₈ to the solution, hemin reduction wave is catalyzed, yielding a parallel catalytic wave. The catalytic current is 20 times of hemin original reduction current. The derivative peak height is linearly proportional to the hemin concentration in the range of 7.5×10^?8 to 4.5×10^?6 mol/l, the detection limit is 5.0×10^?8 mol/l. Serum albumin, common amino acids, and metal ions have no interference with the hemin determination. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of hemin content in oral liquid samples with satisfactory results. The parallel catalytic wave is attributed to the catalytic reduction of porphyrin ring of hemin at the dropping mercury electrode. The new method could be useful in biochemical, clinical, and pharmaceutical analysis.