深圳冬、夏季大气细粒子及其二次组分的污染特征

在2004年夏季和冬季, 分别在深圳宝安中心区进行了大气颗粒物细粒子的加强观测, 共获得30套样品. 通过对样品质量浓度、化学成分分析, 结合采样期间的气象条件, 对深圳当前大气颗粒物的污染特征、季节变化规律(夏季和冬季)及二次污染特征进行了研究. 结果表明, 深圳大气颗粒物污染的季节差异较大, 在夏季加强观测期间, PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度分别为34.9 μg·m^-3和56.9 μg·m^-3; 冬季加强观测期间PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度分别为99.0 μg·m^-3和134.8 μg·m^-3, 分别比夏季增长184%和137%. PM_2.5在夏季和冬季观测期间平均分别占PM₁₀的61%和73%, 细粒子污染严重; 夏、冬季加强观测期间OC和EC的比值平均分别为3.4和1.6, 估算的SOC占OC的比例平均分别为56%和6%, 夏季SOC对OC的贡献显著; 在夏季持续高温期间, 二次颗粒物的浓度及其在PM_2.5中的比重都急剧升高, 本地二次污染严重; 当夏季主导风向来自西南或东南海面时, 大气环境质量较好, 冬季主导风向来自北方内陆时, 大气环境质量较差.     

新型含氟姜黄素类似物的合成、晶体结构及抗肿瘤活性

采用活性基团拼接法将含氟苯甲醛与酮反应, 合成了5个含氟单羰基姜黄素类似物, 结构经IR, ¹H NMR及ESI-MS确认. 对所合成的化合物进行了抗肿瘤活性测试(MTT法), 结果表明, 部分化合物对肿瘤细胞有较强的选择性抑制活性, 其中2,6-二(4-氟亚苯基)环己酮(3a)和2,6-二(2-氟亚苯基)环己酮(3b)的抗肿瘤谱广, 活性较好, 就此对化合物3b作了单晶培养, 并就晶体结构进行了X衍射分析. 结构表明化合物3b属三斜晶系, 空间群 P-1. 晶胞参数 a＝0.9222(2) nm, b＝0.9732(2) nm, c＝1.0127(2) nm, α＝88.920(4)°, β＝75.672(3)°, γ＝62.404(3)°, V＝0.7755(3) nm³, Z＝2, D_c＝1.329 Mg•m^－3, μ＝0.097 mm^－1, F(000)＝324, 最终偏离因子R＝0.0590, wR＝0.1841.     

4-硫醚基喹唑啉类化合物的合成及抑菌活性研究

以4-氯喹唑啉和巯基化合物为原料, 丙酮作溶剂, 碳酸钾作缚酸剂, 合成了7个新型4-硫醚基喹唑啉类化合物. 采用¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR及元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征. 生物活性测试表明, 化合物1d在50 μg•mL^－1 药剂浓度下对小麦赤霉病菌、辣椒枯萎病菌、苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌活性分别达到69.5%, 71.9%和70.8%, EC₅₀分别为25.88, 17.08和28.77 μg•mL^－1.     

3-取代苯氧甲基-6-氯哒嗪的合成及其除草活性

通过3-氯-6-溴甲基哒嗪与各种取代的苯酚在K₂CO₃/DMF体系中反应, 合成了一系列3-取代苯氧甲基-6-氯哒嗪化合物. 它们的结构均经¹H NMR, IR和元素分析确证. 在浓度为100 μg•mL^－1时, 初步的生物活性测试结果表明, 所合成的化合物对油菜和稗草均有一定的抑制作用. 并讨论了其结构与除草活性的关系.     

硫代氢化脲嘧啶的合成及其对Hill反应的抑制活性

为了寻找高活性的Hill反应抑制剂, 以β-氨基丙酸为原料, 经过四步反应, 合成了一系列未经文献报道的3-取代硫代氢化脲嘧啶. 所有新化合物的结构均经过¹H NMR, IR和元素分析证. 初步的生物活性测试表明, 所合成的化合物能有效地抑制Hill反应, 如化合物 5j 有很高的抑制活性(IC₅₀＝0.82 g•mL^－1).     

丙环唑配合物的合成、缓释性能及生物活性研究

Five propiconazole(L) complexes (ML₂Cl₂, M=Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ); ML₄Cl₂, M=Ni(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ)) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and IR. These complexes exhibited favorable controlled release property, it took 40 to 120 hours to release 85% amount of ligand in the water. The toxicity determination to Botrytis cinera, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Gibberella zeae, Fussrium moniliforme and Colletotrichum orbiculare indicated that the fungicidal activities of the complexes were better than that of the ligand except Mn-complex to Rhizoctonia cereali. The EC50 of Zn-propiconazole were 0.045 2～0.144 1 μg·mL^-1, Co- and Ni-propiconazole were 0.066 3～0.210 4 μg·mL^-1 and 0.183 9～0.340 7 μg·mL^-1, respectively, and Mn-propiconazole were only 0.353 6～0.538 0 μg·mL^-1. The growth regulation experiment to wheat seeding by dressing treating indicated that inhibiting activities of the complexes to root length and stem height were weaker than that of the ligand.     

新型含三氰根的铁(III)配合物作为组装基元所构筑的分子性磁石

由于其潜在的多功能的应用, 以分子为基础的磁性材料引起了广泛的关注. 利用3d六氰金属化合物已成功地合成了一系列的分子磁体. 我们一直在研究和开发一些顺磁性的三价的钌和锇的金属氰化物: 例如, trans- [Ru^III(acac)(CN)₂]^-, trans-[M^III(salen)(CN)₂]^- (M = Ru or Os) 和 [Ru^III(CN-sap)(CN)₃]^2-, 并以此来用作磁性材料的建筑模块. 在本文中, 我们报道一系列的带有三齿希夫碱配体的三氰根铁(III)配合物的合成及表征. 在THF, FeCl₂·4H₂O 和5-取代的sapH₂反应一天生成红褐色固体[Fe^III(5-Xsap)(THF)₂Cl] (1a~1e). 这些化合物的红外光谱都在1600 cm^-1 显示了v(C=N)吸收. 5-位上的取代基团对此吸收没有明显的影响. 然而与sapH₂ 配体相比较, 这些v(C=N)吸收向低波数移动了30 cm^-1 . 在MeOH, 化合物1a 的质谱在m/z = 267显示了一个最显著的峰. 这个峰被指认为[Fe^III(sap)]⁺(源于母体离子在离子化的过程中减除两个THF和一个Cl). 实验与模拟的同位素分布图是非常一致的. 化合物1b~1e的质谱图与1a相似. 化合物1a~1e在室温下的磁矩在6.02~6.12μB范围内(Gouy方法, 固样), 这意味着这些铁化合物都是高自旋态的有5个单电子. 在H2O中, 化合物[Fe^III(5-Xsap)(THF)₂Cl] (X = H, Me, OMe, Cl 或Br)与过量的KCN反应生成一系列三氰铁(III)化物, [Fe^III(5-Xsap)(CN)₃]^2-. 这些化合物都以PPh4+盐的形式2a~2e分离出来(70%产率). 这些化合物的红外光谱在2102~2106 cm^-1 的范围内显示了v(C≡N)吸收. 与未配位的氰根相比较(2080 cm^-1 ), 这些v(C≡N)吸收都移向了高波数. 但是, 这个值又低于[(Tp)Fe^III(CN)₃]^- (v_CN = 2123 cm^-1 ). 在CH₃CN, 化合物2a 的质谱显示了一个单一的峰(m/z = 319). 这个峰被指认为[Fe(sap)(CN)₂]^- (源于母体离子在离子化的过程中减除一个CN^-). 实验与模拟的同位素分布图是非常一致的. 化合物1b~1e的质谱图与1a相似. 在这些化合物的质谱中, 都没有观察到相应的母体离子[Fe(5-Xsap)(CN)₃] ^2-的峰. 然而, 在CH₃CN 中测量的这些化合物的摩尔电导率在232~240Ω^-1·cm²·mol^-1范围内. 这意味着这些化合物是2:1的电解质, 与在溶液中[Fe(5-Xsap)(CN)₃]^2- 为二价的阴离子一致. 此2:1的结构构型进一步通过XRD得到确认. 化合物2a~2e 在293 K的磁矩在2.10~2.20μB范围内(Gouy方法, 固样), 符合低自旋态的d⁵化合物. 这说明通过氰根的配位, 这些铁(III)化合物都从高自旋转变为低自旋态.     

Fe3O4/Py/PAM磁性荧光纳米粒子的制备及应用于废水中Cr(VI)的测定

本文采用层层自组装法合成了具有良好水溶性的功能化磁性荧光Fe₃O₄/Py(芘)/ PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)纳米粒子. 利用其磁性, 能够对该粒子进行简单有效的分离纯化, 并可以对待测粒子进行富集以提高其检测灵敏度. 利用Cr(VI)对该复合粒子水溶液的荧光猝灭, 建立了测定Cr(VI)的荧光分析法, 讨论了反应机理. 在最佳实验条件下, 该方法的线性区间为0.1~14.0 μg mL⁻¹, 检测限为0.02 μg mL⁻¹. 常见的共存离子不干扰测定, 该方法可用于环境废水中Cr(VI)的测定.     

价电子能级连接性指数及其应用

价电子能级连接性指数( ^fE)被定义为： ^fE=Σ(m_i·m_j…)^-0.5,m为价电子能级值。其中0、1阶指数公式分别为： ⁰E=Σ(m_i)^-0.5、 ¹E=Σ(m_i·m_j)^-0.5。 ⁰E、 ¹E与化合物的总键能(ΔE)、晶格能(U)、标准生成焓(Δ_fH^?_m)以及非金属氢化物的pKa呈现高度相关性。它们的线性回归方程为：ΔE=-48.0095+1402.9463¹E,r=0.9474, U=-328.0770+1541.9351 ¹E, r=0.9801,-Δ_fH^?_m=-266.9299+1324.6461 ¹E, r=0.9509, pKa=-20.9723+28.1756 ¹E, r=0.98884, pKa=-14.6102-7.835 ⁰E+40.6461 ¹E, R=0.9933。m、^fE具有物理意义明确、计算方法简单等优点,而且预测结果令人满意。     

均匀共沉淀法制备钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳结构粒子

用均匀共沉淀法制备了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子, 研究了沉淀反应温度、尿素/金属离子摩尔比值(R)和BaTiO₃浓度对核-壳粒子形貌和结构的影响, 探讨了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子在焙烧时的形成过程及其磁性能. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析仪对钛酸钡-钡铁氧体前驱物核-壳粒子及钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子的形貌和结构进行了表征, 采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了钛酸钡-钡铁氧体核-壳粒子的磁性能. 结果表明: 当沉淀反应温度为100 °C, R为180, BaTiO₃浓度为2.5 g·L^-1时, 金属离子沉淀完全, 得到的钛酸钡-钡铁氧体前驱物核-壳粒子包覆层均匀、完整、光滑, 厚度约为10 nm. 过高的温度和R值都会导致大量独立颗粒杂质的生成; 随着BaTiO₃浓度的增大, 包覆层厚度有减小的趋势. 当焙烧温度为900 °C时, 壳层中开始形成BaFe₁₂O₁₉相, 其形成过程为晶态的α-Fe₂O₃和BaCO₃首先生成中间相BaFe₂O₄, 然后由BaFe₂O₄和α-Fe₂O₃反应得到最终的BaFe₁₂O₁₉. 当焙烧温度为1000 °C时, 壳层完全转化为BaFe₁₂O₁₉相. 随着焙烧温度从900 °C升高到1000 °C, 所得BaTiO₃-BaFe₁₂O₁₉核-壳粒子的饱和磁化强度从16.5 A·m²·kg^-1增加到39.5 A·m²·kg^-1, 矫顽力从340 kA·m^-1略微降低到316 kA·m^-1.     

具有表皮生长因子受体抑制活性的喹唑啉衍生物研究进展

综述了近十年来具有表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制活性的喹唑啉衍生物的国内外研究进展,按照喹唑啉环上不同位置上的取代基类型分为四类,介绍了化合物不同位置上取代基对此类化合物生物活性的影响,并对其发展趋势和应用前景作了展望.     

INFLUENCES OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND BRANCHING PARAMETER OF LACQUER POLYSACCHARIDE ON THE GROWTH OF LEUCOCYTES

A method of determining branching parameter of lacquer polysaccharide wasestablished by acid-base back-titration of terminal uronic acid of branches. The branchingfactors obtained are in agreement with the values determined by colorimetric method withcarbazole and the results estimated by using Zimm-Stockmayer equation from viscositydata. Influences of molecular weights and branching factors of five fractions of lacquerpolysaccharide on the bioactivities were studied. The results show that the polysaccharideshave bioactivities in motivating the growth of leucocytes, and the effect increases with thedecrease of molecular weight and branching factor in the range studied (17×10~4 >M_w>4×10~4).     

四甲基吡嗪衍生物合成及其5-HT3受体拮抗活性的筛选

恶性肿瘤常用的内科治疗方法为放射治疗和化学治疗,这两种治疗方法均会造成严重的恶心和呕吐等胃肠道副反应．早期的抗呕吐药物不仅其止吐效果差,还伴有严重的锥体外系副反应．自从20世纪70年代末发现5-HT3受体与呕吐机制有关以来引,5-HT3受体及其拮抗剂的研究极为活跃,目前上市的药物有Ondansetron,Granisetron,Tropisetron和Azasertron等,还有许多药物正处于临床研究阶段。     

A Novel Pharmacophore Model Derived from a Class of Capsid Protein Enterovirus 71 Inhibitors

Capsid protein enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major viruses that cause the severe encephalitis and thus result in a high mortality in children less than 5 years of age.In an effort to discover new potent inhibitors against EV71,a novel three-dimensional pharmacophore model was developed on 24 inhibitors with different molecular structures and bioactivities.The best hypothesis (Hypo1) has a high predictive power and consists of four features,namely,one hydrophobic point (HY) and three hydrogen-bond acceptors (HA).Two key features of the best Hypo1,HY1 and HA3 match well with an important narrow hydrophobic canyon and with the surface of LYS274 in the target EV71 active site,respectively.The more versatile feature,HA1,is firstly found to be very influential on these compounds' bioactivities,which may interact with the other side of the active site in the EV71 receptor.The application of the model is successful in predicting the activities of 30 known EV71 inhibitors with a correlation coefficient of 0.831.Furthermore,Hypo1 demonstrates a superior screening capability for retrieving inhibitors from the database with a high enrichment factor of 70.This study provides some important clues in search for more potent inhibitors against EV71 infection.     

An improved cell membrane chromatography method for the simultaneous screening of two epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists from radix scutellariae

A high‐expression epidermal growth factor receptor cell membrane chromatography using the silica gel with the average particle size of 3 μm as the stationary phase carrier coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was established for the online screening of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists from Radix Scutellariae (Huang Qin in Chinese), a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the growth factor receptor cell membrane chromatography model using the smaller particle size carrier showed a higher efficiency for simultaneous screening baicalein, another one of the potential epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists from Radix Scutellariae extract besides wogonin, which was found in our previous work. The molecular docking result showed the occupancy site and binding mode of baicalein and wogonin with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase were similar to gefitinib. The result of the assay for the in vitro inhibitory activity showed that baicalein and wogonin inhibited the growth of the high‐expression epidermal growth factor receptor cell in a dose‐dependent manner and even achieved a better inhibition effect than gifitinib in the low‐dosage range.     

Potent platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor (PDGF-betaR) inhibitors: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-[3-(cyclohexylmethyl)ureido]-3-{1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl}quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives

We found previously that 7-[3-(cyclohexylmethyl)ureido]-3-{1-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl}quinoxalin-2(1H)-one (7d-6) has considerable potency as a PDGF inhibitor. This compound showed potent inhibitory activity in a PDGF-induced CPA (Cell Proliferation Assay) and APA (Auto-Phosphorylation Assay) (IC50 = 0.05 micromol/l in CPA, 0.03 micromol/l in APA). Therefore, we tried to develop a novel and effective PDGF-betaR inhibitor by optimizing a series of its derivatives. We found that trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-catalyzed coupling of pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines with quinoxalin-2-ones proceeded efficiently under mild oxidation condition with manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) in situ, so this method was applied to prepare a series of derivatives. Results of in vitro screening of newly synthesized derivatives identified compound 7d-9 as having potent (IC50 = 0.014 micromol/l in CPA, 0.007 micromol/l in APA) and selective [IC50 values against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, kinase domain region, KDR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) and insulin growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR)/IC50 against PDGFR were each >1000] inhibitory activity. Moreover, in this series of derivatives, 7b-2 showed potent inhibitory activity toward both PDGF- and VEGF-induced signaling (PDGFR: IC50 = 0.004 micromol/l in CPA, 0.0008 micromol/l in APA, KDR: IC50 = 0.008 micromol/l in APA). Herein we report a new and convenient synthetic method for this series of derivatives and its SAR study.     

Molecular Targeting of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are two extensively studied membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that are frequently overexpressed in many cancers. As a result, these receptor families constitute attractive targets for imaging and therapeutic applications in the detection and treatment of cancer. This review explores the dynamic structure and structure-function relationships of these two growth factor receptors and their significance as it relates to theranostics of cancer, followed by some of the common inhibition modalities frequently employed to target EGFR and VEGFR, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), antibodies, nanobodies, and peptides. A summary of the recent advances in molecular imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging (OI), and in particular, near-IR fluorescence imaging using tetrapyrrolic-based fluorophores, concludes this review.     

Biological properties of opioid peptides replacing Tyr at position 1 by 2,6-dimethyl-Tyr.

To understand the effect of the replacement of Tyr residue at position 1 in opioid peptides by 2,6-dimethyl-Tyr (Dmt) on the biological property, chiral (D or L) Dmt1 analogs of Leu-enkephalin (Enk) and Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta Ala-NH2 (YRFB) were synthesized and their enzymatic stabilities, in vitro bioactivities and receptor binding affinities compared with those of parent peptides. [L-Dmt1]Enk (1) exhibited 4-fold higher stability against aminopeptidase-M and possessed dramatically increased activities in guinea pig ilium (GPI) (187-fold) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) (131-fold) assays, and in rat brain receptor binding assays (356-fold at mu receptor and 46-fold at delta receptor) as compared to Enk. [L-Dmt1]YRFB (3) also exhibited increased activities in GPI (46-fold) and MVD (177-fold) assays, and in the binding assays (69-fold at mu receptro and 341-fold at delta receptor) as compared to the parent peptide. [D-Dmt1]Enk (2) and [D-Dmt1]YRFB (4) exhibited activities with diminished or lesser potency than the parent peptide in all assays. These results indicate that there is a tendency for mu affinity to be enhanced more than delta affinity with introduction of L-Dmt into delta ligand peptide (Enk), and for delta affinity to be enhanced more than mu affinity in case of mu ligand peptide (YRFB), resulting in reduced receptor selectivities at the receptors.     

Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the detection of VEGFR-1—a protein marker of myelodysplastic syndromes

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor system with dispersionless microfluidics for the direct and label-free detection of a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFR-1) is described. The detection approach takes advantage of an affinity interaction between sVEGFR-1 and its ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), which is covalently immobilized on the surface of the SPR sensor. The ability of the immobilized VEGF-A to specifically bind the sVEGFR-1 receptor is demonstrated in a buffer. The detection of sVEGFR-1 in 2% human blood plasma is carried out by using the sequential injection approach. The detection limit of 25 ng/mL is achieved. In addition, we demonstrate that the functional surface of the sensor can be regenerated for repeated use.     

In vitro migration capacity of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells reflects their expression of receptors for chemokines and growth factors

The homing properties of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) have stimulated intravenous applications for their use in stem cell therapy. However, the soluble factors and corresponding cellular receptors responsible for inducing chemotaxis of AdMSCs have not yet been reported. In the present study, the migration capacity of human AdMSCs (hAdMSCs) toward various cytokines or growth factors (GFs) and the expression of their receptors were determined. In a conventional migration assay, PDGF-AB, TGF-β1, and TNF-α showed the most effective chemoattractant activity. When AdMSCs were preincubated with various chemokines or GF, and then allowed to migrate toward medium containing 10% FBS, those preincubated with TNF-α showed the highest migratory activity. Next, hAdMSCs were either preincubated or not with TNF-α, and allowed to migrate in response to various GFs or chemokines. Prestimulation with TNF-α increased the migration activity of hAdMSCs compared to unstimulated hAdMSCs. When analyzed by FACS and RT-PCR methods, hAdMSCs were found to express C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), CCR7, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), CXCR5, CXCR6, EGF receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, TGF-β receptor 2, TNF receptor superfamily member 1A, PDGF receptor A and PDGF receptor B at both the protein and the mRNA levels. These results indicate that the migration capacity of hAdMSCs is controlled by various GFs and chemokines. Prior in vitro modulation of the homing capacity of hAdMSCs could stimulate their movement into injured sites in vivo when administered intravenously, thereby improving their therapeutic potential.