基于C—H键断裂的多氯烷基化反应研究进展

多氯代烃在有机合成和化学工业,特别是制药和材料领域中尤其重要,引起了化学家们的广泛关注,诞生了各种合成氯代有机化合物的方法.引入多氯烷基能够作为关键成分改变化合物的药物活性,同时,多氯烷基可以作为前体转化为醛、酮和羧酸等具有不同功能性的官能团,为实现天然产物的后期合成和修饰提供强有力的支持.通过断裂多氯烷烃中的C—H键来构建多氯代化合物的策略,由于具有高步骤经济性,已成为化学家们的研究热点,取得了重要的研究进展.总结了利用二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷作为多氯烷基的前体,从不同的反应体系(过渡金属催化、可见光介导、无金属参与)出发,综述了近十年来基于C—H键断裂策略的多氯烷基化反应的相关工作,并对反应设计、机理研究、研究展望等给予评述.     

铜催化下苯并五元杂环化合物的C—S偶联反应

以二苯二硫醚为硫源,在无强碱和配体的条件下,通过碘化亚铜催化促进S—S键断裂,再与苯并五元杂环化合物反应生成了芳基硫醚,采用1H NMR和13C NMR对目标化合物进行了表征,并确定了最佳反应条件.在苯并五元杂环化合物和二苯二硫醚的物质的量比为2∶1,催化剂Cu I用量为10 mol%,溶剂为二甲基亚砜(DMSO),反应温度110℃,时间12 h时,产率达到89.9%.同时,通过高效液相色谱(HLPC)进行跟踪监测,对该反应的机理进行了探讨.     

过硼酸钠选择氧化苯硫基乙酸酯的研究

近年来,亚砜的研究十分活跃,苯亚磺酰基乙酸酯是有用的合成中间体,它可以起烷基化反应、Michael反应和缩合反应.我们在含硫碳负离子的研究工作中需要一系列的苯亚磺酰基乙酸酯(3_(a—j))作为合成中间体.合成这类化合物最方便的方法是用合适的硫酚制成硫醚后进行选择性氧化,常用的氧化剂是过氧化氢、过碘酸钠和间氯过苯甲酸.但是,各种方法均有不足之处.例如,用过氧化氢容易发生过度氧化,导致产品不纯;间氯过苯甲酸价高;按文献用过碘酸钠氧化硝基苯硫乙酸酯(2_(a—j)),反应难以进行.不久前,Mckillop等报道用过硼酸钠(NaBO_3·4H_2O)可使硫醚氧化生成亚砜.但是,他们的研究对象仅局限于结构简单的二烃基硫醚,而在分子内若有其它官能团时能否进行选择性氧化,则未见报道.我们进行了过硼酸钠选择氧化苯硫基乙酸酯的研究,取得了很好的结果.     

铁(Ⅲ)催化氯代炔烃水化反应合成α-氯代甲基酮类化合物

研究了Fe(Ⅲ)催化氯代炔烃水化生成α-氯代甲基酮化合物的反应,考察了催化剂的种类、酸的种类、反应温度以及溶剂对反应的影响.结果表明,采用Fe Cl3·6H2O(摩尔分数5%)和甲基磺酸(摩尔分数20%),在1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂中,氯代炔烃于80℃进行水化反应3 h,可以高产率得到α-氯代甲基酮产物.所得化合物的结构采用IR,1H NMR,13C NMR及MS等方法进行了表征.该水化反应合成方法简单、条件温和且收率良好,为合成α-氯代甲基酮提供了一种简便途径.     

硅烷基取代苯并二硫杂环戊烯的合成及电化学性质

以苯并-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯为原料,通过金属化反应以及锂化二硫杂环戊烯与氯代硅烷反应合成了系列2-硅烷基取代苯并-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯化合物.测定了化合物的氧化电位,发现硅的引入导致苯并-1,3-二硫杂环戊烯的氧化电位明显降低,给体的给电子能力增强.     

在特殊环境中硫代苯甲酸-S-苯酯光解机理的研究

本工作对两种具不同取代基的硫代苯甲酸-S-苯酯在苯溶液和硅胶薄层色谱板上的光解进行了研究,发现硫代苯甲酸-S-苯酯在苯溶液中的光解产物有苯甲醛(3)、苯硫酚(4)、二苯基硫醚(8)、二苯基二硫醚(5)、联苯(9)以及邻巯基苯甲酰基苯(6)与对巯基苯甲酸基苯(7)两个Fries光重排产物.实验结果表明,光解产物的分布受环境和介质的强烈影响.讨论了笼效应和外加磁场效应在硫代苯甲酸-S-苯酯光解中的作用,并进一步确定此类化合物的光解反应是通过其三重态而发生的.     

气相中卤代苯离子-分子反应产物的串联质谱研究

应用碰撞诱导解离技术研究了氯代苯、溴代苯和碘代苯离子-分子反应产物的碎裂反应特性,与联苯的分子离子和质子化溴代联苯的碰撞诱导解离谱比较获得了产物离子的结构信息.     

MEDV-13预测多氯二苯并噻吩化合物的气相色谱保留指数

氯代多环芳烃化合物,如多氯代二苯并二噁英(PCDD)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF)、多氯联苯(PCB)等,这些化合物通常以有害或危险的化合物形式存在于不同的环境中~([1]),由于其脂溶性、抗代谢性或难降解性,平面氯代多环芳烃化合物具有在食物链中积聚并引起毒性的作用.     

芳香卤代物C—S偶联反应的研究进展

含硫化合物在天然产物、药物、农药和材料中广泛存在,具有多种生物活性或独特功能.C—S偶联反应是合成含硫化合物的重要方法,是有机合成领域的研究热点之一.随着对催化剂的深入开发和对含硫偶联反应物的不断扩展,近年来涌现出大量的C—S偶联反应方法,为含硫化合物的合成提供了便利.芳香卤代烃是合成含硫化合物的主要底物,通过设计不同的反应体系和含硫偶联反应物进行C—S偶联反应,能够高效地合成硫酚、硫醚、二硫醚和砜等含硫化合物.按照不同种类的含硫偶联反应物类型和催化剂种类(钯、铜和镍等)进行分类,综述了近年来以芳香卤代烃为底物的C—S偶联反应,并对代表性反应的机理做了简要说明和比较.此外,还对这一领域目前存在的问题和局限性进行简要分析,并对未来发展方向提出展望.     

1，5—苯并硫氮杂Zuo氯代β—内酰胺衍生物的合成、光谱及立体化学

苯并硫氮杂Zuo是一类具有重要生理活性的七元杂环化合物,近年来,通过亚胺双键（C＝N）的环加成反应向此类化合物分子中引入新的环系引起了它们的关注^[1-4]。这项工作对于合成新的杂Zuo类化合物从而筛选出具有特殊生理活性的物质有着重要意义。本文通过1,5－苯并硫氮杂Zuo与氯乙烯酮的反应向原分子中并合一个β－内酰胺活性单元,合成了一系列新型的1,5－苯并硫氮杂Zuo-α氯代－β－内酰胺衍生物（B1－B5）,研究了它们的波谱特征及立体结构。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.