三维复杂温度场高精度声学测量方法

声学温度场检测技术通过多路径声波传播时间数据,反演被测区域的温度分布.提供了一种高精度的三维复杂温度场的声学测量方法.首先从射线声学角度给出了三维非均匀温度场中声波传播路径的数学模型.在此基础上,将三维温度场的重建问题转化为声波传播路径的求解和温度场的反演问题,建立了基于多项式修正径向基函数(RBF-PR)和改进的Ti...     

大气风场和温度场星载探测光谱仪的星上定标技术

 大气风场和温度场是重要的大气基本参数,由于应用领域广泛,其探测技术在很多国家已发展成熟,中国对该探测技术的需求也日趋强烈。大气风场和温度场测量是利用高精度的光谱仪,通过测量大气中特征谱线的多普勒频移和展宽,来确定大气的温度分布场和风向风速场。星上定标技术是大气风场和温度场星载探测光谱仪进行高精度测量的基本保障。文中就几种重要的大气风场和温度场探测光谱仪的星上定标技术进行分析和总结,为大气风场和温度场探测技术发展提供参考,打下基础。     

蜡烛火焰三维温度场重建实验研究

本文在实验室中以蜡烛火焰为研究对象,研究采用辐射图像处理技术重建蜡烛三维温度场。并采用细丝热电偶实测火焰局部温度,对蜡烛火焰三维温度场可视化的结果进行了比较。结果表明,火焰高温区的重建温度是合理的,此方法能够很好地重建单峰、双峰三维温度分布。进一步证实了基于火焰图像处理技术实现三维温度场可视化的可行性。     

测量微细尺度流体温度场的傅立叶变换激光云纹技术

本文研究了一种能测量微细尺度流体温度场的激光云纹技术。激光云纹法利用莫尔条纹的位移量或者位相变化来计算光线穿过位相物体时产生的偏转角,并由此获得流体的温度梯度和温度场分布。激光云纹技术具有灵敏度高,空间分辨率高,稳定性好,实时观测等优点。本文介绍了激光云纹法的测量原理、实验技术,并利用该方法测量了加热细丝自然对流的微细尺度温度场分布。     

基于单光场相机的火焰三维温度场测量

相比于传统相机,光场相机不仅可记录投射到相机探测器上光线的强度,而且能分辨光线的方向。本文在光场成像技术基础上,提出一种基于单光场相机的火焰三维温度场测量新方法。建立了基于光场成像的火焰辐射正向计算模型,追迹了燃烧火焰投射到光场相机探测器上每个像素对应的辐射光线,并用源项六流法(SSF)计算了对应光线的辐射强度,获得了光场相机探测面强度分布。建立了基于QR分解的最小二乘算法温度场反演模型,获得了火焰的三维温度场,并对温度场反演结果进行了分析。计算结果证明了该方法测量火焰三维温度场的可行性。     

基于激光吸收光谱技术的燃烧场气体温度和浓度二维分布重建研究

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术和代数迭代算法（ART）实现燃烧场温度和浓度二维分布重建．采用时分复用技术,在1kHz扫描频率下分别扫描H2O的两条吸收谱线,7205．25和7416．05cm^-1,对温度分布在300-1100K范围内的气体温度场进行了重建．研究了投影角度和投影光线数目对温度场和浓度场重建结果的影响,并将温度场重建结果与热电偶测量结果进行比较,结果表明,采用四个投影方向时,温度场重建结果与热电偶测量结果除中心低温区域外基本符合．当光线数目减少时,通过在两条光线间增加虚拟光线,代入到迭代算法中,增加光线数目,提高了温度场和浓度场的重建效果．但此方法受到燃烧场温度梯度大小的影响,即在两条光线之间气体温度梯度较大,增加虚拟光线提高温度场重建效果不明显．     

高速动能弹温度场数值模拟

随着兵器发射技术和空气动力学技术的发展,动能弹的发射初速和飞行状态正从超声速向高超声速发展,由此产生了气动热问题.准确预测动能弹温度场是其气动力和热防护设计的关键技术.采用CFD预测温度场的方法,包括平衡流流动控制方程及差分格式,构造平衡流通量Jacob矩阵,在差分格式矢通量分裂过程中嵌入平衡流真实气体模型模拟温度场,获得平衡流气体状态方程.对典型高速动能弹热环境进行验证,考察方法的合理性.对设计的一种新型高超声速动能弹温度场进行数值模拟,为其气动设计及热防护提供了较可靠的数据.     

电子元件散热的优化分析

本文采用CFD技术对小空间中的电子元件的散热进行了研究,模拟了以空气为冷却流体的多种方案下小空间的温度场和速度场,基于场协同原理对其温度场和速度场的协同效果进行了分析。在此基础上提出一种评价电子元件冷却效果的冷却效果数,并以此为指标得出小空间电子元件散热的优化方案和最优间距,为进一步探讨微电子元件的冷却技术打下了基础．     

应用全息干涉技术测量气体温度场

一、引言 与现有其它的测温技术相比较,全息干涉测温技术有一些突出的优点。如,非接触、可得全场信息、可测三维温度场、能自动补偿光学器件质量不高而引进的误差,等等。本文主要以酒精灯火焰温度场的测量为例,讨论有关的技术和数据处理等问题。     

舌横纵剖面温度场的实验研究与计算

用红外热成象技术与动物实验等多种方法对舌体的生物传热特性进行了研究。结合中医舌诊机理,用有限元法计算了猪舌内部横、纵剖面的二维温度场。结果表明,舌体传热的特征是温度梯度由舌根到舌尖较大,沿舌厚度方向较小,舌体温度分布受血管分布和血管截面积的影响。得到的舌表面温度场与横纵剖面温度场之间的关系,为结合病症对人舌温度场进行分析计算提供了思路和依据。     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Cavitation in trees

Sap is transported under tension (i.e. negative pressure) in trees, according to the tension-cohesion theory. Since water is physically instable under negative pressure, a risk of cavitation is possible. Techniques have been developed during the past two decennia to study cavitation in trees. Trees appear remarkably immune to cavitation events. Cavities form only when extreme water stresses occur or when sap freezes. Nucleation is heterogeneous in trees, presumably caused by the aspiration of air bubbles through conduit walls. Threshold xylem pressures for cavitation vary greatly between species, in concordance with the great functional and ecological diversity of trees. To cite this article: H. Cochard, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.     

Conductively cooled all-solid-state zigzag slab laser

A diode pumped, Q-switched Nd：YAG zigzag slab laser is developed using passive conduction cooling. Flat-flat and unstable resonators are adopted in this experiment. The 150-mJ multi-mode and 100-mJ single-mode laser outputs with pulse width of 10 ns are achieved, corresponding to optical efficiencies of 19% and 13%, respectively. The experimental result demonstrates that the laser has the property of compact structure, high efficiency, reliability, and high beam quality. The design of laser has a potential application in space environment.     

The nature of empirical constants in the equation relating the frequency of the stretching vibration of oh-groups to parameters of the [MO n ]-polyhedrons coordinating these groups

Institute of Physicoorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220603, Minsk, Ul. Surganova, 13, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 104–107, January–February, 1995.     

Quantitative analysis results of CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer ground base experiment

As the nearest celestial body to the earth, the moon has become a hot spot again in astronomy field recently. The element analysis is a much important subject in many lunar projects. Remote X-ray spectrometry plays an important role in the geochemical exploration of the solar bodies. Because of th equasi-vacuum atmosphere on the moon, which has no absorption of X-ray, the X-ray fluorescence analysis is an effective way to determine the elemental abundance of lunar surface. The CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (CE-1/XFS) aims to map the major elemental compositions on the lunar surface. This paper describes a method for quantitative analysis of elemental compositions. A series of ground base experiments are done to examine the capability of XFS. The obtained results, which show a reasonable agreement with the certified values at a 30% uncertainty level for major elements, are presented.     

A new tuning procedure for the DTL RF field pattern

The DTL tank is a multi-cell cavity.In a fabricated tank,the measured average axial field E0 for each cell may obviously deviate from the designed value.It is generally thought the deviation is due to the errors in fabrication and assembly.But it is not always true.In this paper,it is shown that the deviation may already exist before fabrication in some cases.It is partly due to the imperfection of the current design procedures.A new design method is introduced to reduce the deviation in the design stage.     

Effect of oxygen on the optical properties of ZnSe in the region of 0.44–20 μm

Moscow Power Engineering Institute, 14, Krasnokazarmennaya Str., Moscow, GSP, 105835, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnois Spektroskopii, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp. 646–651, July–August, 1996.