锥壳的位移解及应用*

本文提出求锥壳方程通解的另一种方法——位移法.文中根据文献[1]给出的壳体基本关系,导出锥壳一般弯曲问题的位移方程组,然后通过引入一个位移函数U(s,θ)(在极限情况下,就变为对于圆柱壳所引入的位移函数),从而将锥壳基本方程组化成关于位移函数U(s,θ)的8阶可解偏微分方程(控制微分方程).对于一般弯曲问题,该方程的一般解以广义超几何函数给出;对于轴对称弯曲问题,用Bessel函数给出其一般解.作为锥壳位移解法的应用,讨论了Winkler地基模式上的锥壳的轴对称弯曲问题,给出数值结果.     

球面各向同性弹性体的平衡问题

本文将位移和体积力同时进行分解,把含体积力的球面各向同性三维弹性理论平衡问题,化为一个二阶微分方程和一个四阶微分方程.利用球面函数的性质和级数展开方法,得到了相应于这两个方程齐次方程的级数解,可用于解决整球体和整球壳的平衡问题.最后,给出了旋转球的特解.     

开孔浅球壳的非线性动力响应及其动力稳定

本文建立了具轴对称变形、考虑横向剪切影响的浅球壳的非线性运动方程:对周边弹性支承开孔浅球壳的非线性静、动力响应及动力稳定问题进行了探讨.在解题方法上,对位移函数在空间上采用正交配点法离散.在时间上采用平均加速度法(Newmark-β法)离散.变求解一组非线性微分方程为求解一组线性代数方程.文中给出了不同情况下的若干数值结果,且与有关文献的结果作了比较.     

波纹壳的格林函数方法

应用轴对称旋转扁壳的基本方程,研究了在任意载荷作用下具有型面锥度的浅波纹壳的非线性弯曲问题·　采用格林函数方法,将扁壳的非线性微分方程组化为非线性积分方程组·　再使用展开法求出格林函数,即将格林函数展成特征函数的级数形式,积分方程就成为具有退化核的形式,从而容易得到非线性代数方程组·　应用牛顿法求解非线性代数方程组时,为了保证迭代的收敛性,选取位移作为控制参数,逐步增加位移,求得相应的载荷·　在算例中,研究了具有球面度的浅波纹壳的弹性特征·　结果表明,由于型面锥度的引入,特征曲线发生显著变化,随着荷载的增加,将出现类似扁球壳的总体失稳现象·　本文的解答符合实验结果·     

具有弹性边拱及拉杆支承的双曲扁壳(一)

本文利用变分原理建立了具有弹性边拱及拉杆支承的双曲扁壳的平衡方程式及相应的边界条件和角点条件,这里假定边拱只在其本身平面内有刚度,边拱的扭转刚度和垂直于其平面的弯曲刚度都略去不计,本文研究了不许自由外伸的角点铰支条件,以及能够自由外伸的角点简支条件,前者相当于周边有拉杆限制角点外伸位移的情况,后者相当于周边无拉杆的情况.对于前者而言,本文近似地假定边拱沿弧方向的抗拉伸刚度为无穷大,亦即假定扁壳的边界切向位移为零,边拱只通过其垂直于扁壳平面的弯曲来产生弹性支承的作用.这些支承条件是近似地符合当前双曲扁壳屋盖的设计条件的.本文利用双三角级数解法求得具有弹性边拱及拉杆支承的方形底球面扁壳在自重载荷下的正确解.其特点在于先将边界条件积分处理使先满足角点条件,然后求解平面应力微分方程使满足积分后的边界条件.本文的结果直接给出拉杆中的拉力,对于具体设计问题是有用的.本文提出的积分形式的边界条件方法,对于弹性支承的边界问题在板壳方面的应用中是有它的普遍实用意义的.本文还给出了具有弹性边拱支承的方形底扁球壳的数值结果,角点为铰支或简支的,选取的参数值为λ=11.5936.计算结果表明级数收敛很快,并得出了边拱的弹性变形对壳体内力、内力矩及挠度分布规律的影响.     

球壳轴对称弯曲问题精确的挠度微分方程及其奇异摄动解

本文提出了球壳轴对称弯曲问题精确的挠度(ω)微分方程和精确的转角(dω/da)微分方程.本文重点研究了挠度微分方程的精度,基本思路是:首先假设边缘效应时经线中面位移u=0,从而建立挠度微分方程,然后再精确地证明挠度微分方程与原来微分方程内力解答完全相同.再精确地证明边缘效应时经线中面位移u=0是精确解.本文给出了挠度微分方程的奇异摄动解,最后验算了平衡条件,证明摄动解求出的内力和外荷载是完全平衡的.这一方面表明摄动解的计算是正确的;另一方面也再二次表明挠度微分方程是精确的微分方程.新微分方程的优点是:1.新微分方程和原来微分方程精度完全相同;2.新微分方程满足的边界条件非常简单;3.新微分方程便于使用摄动解;4.新微分方程可以得到挠度(ω)和转角(dω/da)的表达式.新微分方程使球壳的计算得到很大的简化.本文采用的符号与徐芝纶《弹性力学》第二版下册相同[1].     

Banach 空间中分数阶微分方程$m$点边值问题的正解

该文在Banach空间中研究一类分数阶微分方程$m$点边值问题, 证明了格林函数的性质, 构造一个特殊的锥,利用锥拉伸压缩不动点定理得到了该边值问题正解的存在性,最后给出一个例子用以说明主要结果.     

无穷区间上带有积分边值分数阶微分方程的多个正解的存在性

通过讨论Green函数的性质并构造特殊的锥,利用Leggett-Williams不动点定理研究了无穷区间上带有积分边值的分数阶微分方程多个正解的存在性.最后给出了一个例子说明了所得结果的正确性.     

研究金属中激波构造与衰减的一个物理模型

本文给出了研究金属中激波构造与衰减的一个物理模型.为了建立高速形变下材料的本构方程和研究激波过渡带的构造,需要考虑二个独立的理论方面.首先,将比内能分解成弹性压缩能和弹性形变能,而将形变能作为弹性应变和熵的函数展开到三阶项,其中考虑了热与机械能的耦合效应.其次,从位错动力学角度建议了一个塑性松弛函数以便描述高温、高压下塑性流动的特性.另外,本文给出了一个常微分方程组用以计算定态激波过渡带中各状态变量的分布以及激波的厚度.倘若假定在激波上熵的跳跃可以忽略,并用Hugoniot压缩模量代替等熵压缩摸量,可以获得一个分析解.最后,本文还提出了求解平板对称碰撞中激波波头衰减的一个近似方法。     

变壁厚柱壳的轴对称问题

本文给出了壁厚按二次函数变化的轴对称柱壳的一般解.K.Federhofer[1]曾研究过壁厚按轴向坐标的二次函数变化的轴对称柱壳,并且给出了在某些情况下的解.本文也研究上述壳体.对于所有可能的情况,给出了控制微分方程的齐次解;对于控制微分方程的非齐次项可表示为自变量的多项式或收敛幂级数的情况,给出了方程的特解.     

非均匀变截面弹性圆环在任意载荷下的弯曲问题

本文在等刚度弹性圆环的初参数公式的基础上,利用[2]提出的阶梯折算法,进一步研究非均匀变截面弹性圆环的弯曲,得到了这类问题的通解,应当指出,这组通解对非均匀变截面圆柱拱的相应问题也是适用的.为验证所得的公式并说明这种方法的应用,文末给出了示例并进行了求解,圆环、圆拱是工程上经常采用的结构,它们的弯曲,Timoshenko,S.[5],Barber,J.R.[3],Roark,R J[4],津村利光[6]等曾作过很多研究.然而,迄今只求得了均匀材料、等截面圆环的通解。对变截面问题,仅仅求得了抗弯刚度是坐标的线性函数这一特殊情况的解.由于非均匀变截面问题常常导出变系数微分方程,它们的求解遇到很大的数学困难.本文通过阶梯折算法把非均匀变截面弹性圆环弯曲问题的变系数微分方程转化成一等效的等刚度圆环弯曲的常系数微分方程.为保证内力连续,引入虚拟内力,并以[1]导出的初参数公式为影响函数,通过积分构造出了非齐次解,从而求得了非均匀变截面弹性圆环弯曲问题的通解.     

非均匀弹性地基圆板轴对称弯曲的一般解

本文在阶梯折算法的基础上,提出一个新的方法——精确解析法,得到了非均匀弹性地基圆板弯曲的一般解.文中导出了在任意轴对称载荷和边界条件下求解非均匀弹性地基圆板和中心带孔圆板弯曲的一般公式,并给出一致收敛于精确解的证明.文中得到的一般解可直接计算无弹性地基圆板的弯曲问题.问题最后归结为求解一个二元一次代数方程.文末给出算例,算例表明无论内力和位移均可得到满意的结果.     

Analytical solution for cylindrical thin shells with normally intersecting nozzles due to external moments on the ends of shells

The stress analysis based on the theory of a thin shell is carried out for cylindrical shells with normally intersecting nozzles subjected to external moment loads on the ends of shells with a large diameter ratio(ρ ₀ «0. 8). Instead of the Donnell shallow shell equation, the modified Morley equation, which is applicable toρ ₀(R/T)^1/2 »1, is used for the analysis of the shell with cutout. The solution in terms of displacement function for the nozzle with a nonplanar end is based on the Goldenveizer equation. The boundary forces and displacements at the intersection are all transformed from Gaussian coordinates (α, β) on the shell, or Gaussian coordinates (ζ, θ) on the nozzle into three-di-mensional cylindrical coordinates(ρ,θ, z). Their expressions on the intersecting curve are periodic functions ofθ and expanded in Fourier series. Every harmonic of Fourier coefficients of boundary forces and displacements are obtained by numerical quadrature. The results obtained are in agreement with those from the three-dimensional finite element method and experiments.     

Dynamic stability of a porous cylindrical shell

This paper is devoted to a closed cylindrical shell made of a porous-cellular material. The mechanical properties vary continuously on the thickness of a shell. The mechanical model of porosity is as described as presented by Magnucki, Stasiewicz. A shell is simply supported on edges. On the ground of assumed displacement functions the deformation of shell is defined. The displacement field of any cross section and linear geometrical and physical relationships are assumed in cylindrical coordinate system. The components of deformation and stress state were found. Using the Hamilton's principle the system of differential equations of dynamic stability is obtained. The forms of unknown functions are assumed and the system of a differential equations is reduced to a simple ordinary equation of dynamic stability of shell (Mathieu's equation). The derived equation are used for solving a problem of dynamic stability of porous-cellular shell with intensity of load directed in generators of shell. The critical loads are derived for a family of porous shells. The unstable space of family porous shells is found. The influence a coefficient of porosity on the stability regions in Figures is presented. The results obtained for porous shell are compared to a homogeneous isotropic cylindrical shell. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Elastic buckling of an axially compressed open circular cylindrical shell

The paper is devoted to stability problem of an axially compressed open elastic circular cylindrical shell. Two curvilinear edges of the open cylindrical shell are simply supported while two straight edges are free. Two load cases of the shell are assumed. The first load case ‐ was the invariable axially normal force intensity, and the second load case ‐ the linearly varying axially normal force intensity. Critical loads of the shell for both load cases are determined. These critical loads are compared with a classical load for closed circular cylindrical shell. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

层合板一个新的高阶理论解析解

本文以复合材料的Reddy高阶理论为基础,引进一个位移函数Φ,将原来求解的微分方程组转化为一个高阶微分方程,得到了四边简支情况下的Navier型解,和一对边简支另一对边任意情况下的Levy型解.文中列举了算例进行比较,其数值结果和文献上已有结果相吻合,表明本文采用的解法是可靠的.Reddy高阶理论未知数不多,但精度比一阶剪切变形理论要好,计算时无需用剪切修正系数,计算较为简单.     

3-D thermo-elastic solution for continuously graded isotropic and fiber-reinforced cylindrical shells resting on two-parameter elastic foundations

This paper investigates the three-dimensional thermo-elastic deformation of cylindrical shells on two-parameter elastic foundations with continuously graded of volume fraction, subjected to thermal load. Suitable temperature and displacement functions that identically satisfy boundary conditions at the edges are used to reduce the equilibrium equations to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients, which are solved by Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. Results are presented for two-constituent isotropic and fiber-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical shells that have a smooth variation of volume fractions through the radial direction. Symmetric and asymmetric volume fraction profiles are presented in this paper. The fast rate of convergence of the method is demonstrated and comparison studies are carried out to establish its very high accuracy and versatility. Effects of stiffness of the foundation and variations of different parameters of generalized power-law distribution on steady-state responses of the functionally graded cylindrical shell resting on elastic foundation are discussed. In addition, the effects of the FGM configuration are studied by considering the mechanical entities of different FGM fiber-reinforced cylindrical shells resting on elastic foundation. Some results are presented for the first time and some important conclusions are drawn.     

关于圆柱壳定解方程的通解问题

本文证明了Vlasov[5]所提出的以应变一应力函数F(ξ,η)所表达的解,为圆柱壳的定解偏微分方程组的通解。     

Assessment of an edge type settlement of above ground liquid storage tanks using a simple beam model

Analysis of deformation and bending moment distributions along sections of the bottom plate of a large unanchored cylindrical liquid storage tank with appreciable out-of-plane localized differential edge settlement is considered. The analysis uses approximate simple slender beam bending theory to model localized edge settlements of the plate and takes into account the effects of foundation compliance, initial settlement shape, shell and hydrostatic loadings and the shell-bottom plate junction stiffness. The obtained model is solved, in the elastic range, using a combined analytical–numerical procedure for the deflection and bending moment distributions along the beam. The obtained approximate solutions were displayed graphically for selected values of system parameters: edge settlement amplitude, plate thickness, foundation stiffness, and hydrostatic load. The maximum allowable edge displacement amplitudes based on the plate yielding stress predicted by the present study are compared for the selected values of system parameters with those recommended in the API standard 653.