Neutron–Deuteron Scattering Observables at E lab = 14.1 MeV

Inelastic neutron–deuteron scattering is studied on the basis of configuration-space Faddeev equations. Calculated are neutron–deuteron breakup amplitudes using AV14 nucleon–nucleon potential at incident neutron energy of 14.1 MeV. The results of calculations are presented for the differential cross sections under quasi free scattering and space–star configurations, and compared with those of the previous calculations and experimental data. The choice of the cutoff radius R _cutoff for asymptotic conditions is discussed.     

Three-Dimensional Low-Momentum Interaction in Two-Body Bound State Calculations

The deuteron binding energy and wave function are calculated by using the recently developed three-dimensional form of low-momentum nucleon–nucleon (NN) interaction. The homogeneous Lippmann–Schwinger equation is solved in momentum space by using the low-momentum two-body interaction, which is constructed from Malfliet–Tjon potential. The results for both, deuteron binding energy and wave function, obtained with low-momentum interaction, are compared with the corresponding results obtained with bare potential.     

Nucleon–nucleon scattering in the light of supersymmetric quantum mechanics

By exploiting supersymmetry-inspired factorization method together with a judiciously chosen deuteron ground-state wave function, approximate higher partial wave nucleon–nucleon potentials are generated. In this context, a minor modification is also introduced to the generated potentials. The n–p scattering phase shifts are computed and analysed via the phase function method.     

Complete set of deuteron analyzing powers for dp elastic scattering at intermediate energies

With the aim of clarifying roles of the 3NFs in nuclei experimental programs with polarized deuterons beams at intermediate energies are in progress at RIKEN RI Beam Factory. As the first step, we have measured a complete set of deuteron analyzing powers (iT ₁₁, T ₂₀, T ₂₁, T ₂₂) in deuteron-proton elastic scattering at 250 and 294 MeV/nucleon. The obtained data are compared with the Faddeev calculations based on the modern nucleon-nucleon forces together with the Tucson-Melbourne’99, and UrbanaIX three nucleon forces.     

Systematic Study of Three-Nucleon Systems Dynamics in the Cross Section of the Deuteron–Proton Breakup Reaction

An experiment to investigate the ¹H(d, pp)n breakup reaction using a deuteron beam of 340, 380 and 400 MeV and the WASA detector has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY–Jülich. The main goal was the detailed study of various aspects of few-nucleon dynamics in the medium energy region, with particular emphasis on relativistic effects and their interplay with three nucleon forces. These effects become more important with increasing available energy in the three nucleon system. Therefore the investigations at high energies are crucial to understand their nature. The almost 4π geometry of the WASA detector gives an unique possibility to study various aspects of dynamics of processes in the three-nucleon reaction. Preliminary results obtained using the WASA detector are presented.     

Parity-Violating Asymmetry in γ d → n p with a Pionless Effective Theory

Nuclear parity violation is studied with polarized neutrons in the photodisintegration of the deuteron at low energies. A pionless effective field theory with di-baryon fields is used for the investigation. Hadronic weak interactions are treated by parity-violating di-baryon–nucleon–nucleon vertices, which have undetermined coupling constants. A parity-violating asymmetry in the process is calculated for the incident photon energy up to 30 MeV. If experimental data for the parity-violating asymmetry become available in the future, we will be able to determine the unknown coupling constants in the parity-violating vertices.     

Measurement of the 2H(p,n) Breakup Reaction at 170 MeV and the Three-Nucleon Force Effects

The effects of three nucleon force (3NF) have been actively studied via the nucleon–deuteron (Nd) scattering states. The differential cross sections and the vector analyzing powers A _y of the ²H(p, n) inclusive breakup reaction at 170 MeV were measured for the study of 3NF effects in the intermediate energy region. The polarized proton beam of 170 MeV was injected to the deuterated polyethylene (CD₂) target and the energy of scattered neutrons were measured by using TOF method. The data were compared with the Faddeev calculations based on modern nucleon–nucleon (NN) forces with and without the 3NF. Concerning the differential cross sections, we can see large discrepancies between the data and the calculations in the region of scattered neutron energies are low, which is similar to the results of the ²H(p, p) inclusive breakup reaction at 250 MeV.     

On the nucleon–nucleon scattering phase shifts through supersymmetry and factorization

By exploiting the supersymmetry-inspired factorization method through a judicious use of deuteron ground state wave function, higher partial wave nucleon–nucleon potentials, both energy independent and energy dependent, are generated. We adopt the phase function method to deal with the scattering phase shifts and demonstrate the usefulness of our constructed potentials by means of model calculation.     

Quark-Model Nucleon–Nucleon Interaction Applied to Nucleon-Deuteron Scattering

We have examined the neutron-deuteron low-energy effective-range parameters, differential cross sections and spin polarization observables of the elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering up to the incident nucleon energy E _N  = 65 MeV, using the quark-model nucleon–nucleon interaction fss2. These observables are consistently described without introducing three nucleon forces except for the nucleon analyzing power A _y (θ) and the deuteron vector analyzing power iT ₁₁(θ) in the low-energy region E _N  ≤ 25 MeV. The long-standing A _y puzzle is slightly improved, but still remains. We have incorporated the screened Coulomb force to the proton-deuteron scattering, modifying the Vincent–Phatak approach for the sharp cutoff Coulomb force. The Coulomb effect on the elastic scattering observables is discussed.     

Microscopic description of diffractive deuteron breakup by <Superscript>3</Superscript>He nuclei

A microscopic formalism for describing observed cross sections for deuteron breakup by threenucleon nuclei was developed on the basis of the diffraction nuclear model. A general formula that describes the amplitude for the reaction ²H(³He, ³Hep)n and which involves only one adjustable parameter was obtained by using expansions of the integrands involved in terms of a Gaussian basis. This formula was used to analyze experimental data on the exclusive cross sections for deuteron breakup by ³He nuclei at the projectile energy of 89.4MeV. The importance of employing, in calculations, a deuteron wave function that has a correct asymptotic behavior at large nucleon–nucleon distances was demonstrated.     

Zum Photoeffekt an den Kernen der Masse 3

The photo-disintegration of three-particle nuclei into deuteron and outgoing nucleon has been treated for photon energies up to 35 MeV. In Sects. 3 and 4 the formalism has been developed in terms of multipole expansions of the vector potential including quadrupole transitions. The initial ground state of the three-particle nucleus has been approximated by variational wavefunctions taking account of the asymmetry term. For the final state, plane waves have first been used in Sects. 4 and 5, while in Sect. 6 the effect of the interaction between deuteron und outgoing nucleon has been taken into account. Numerical values of the total and the differential photo-disintegration cross section for the deuteron + nucleon channel have been computed under different assumptions on the wavefunctions, to allow comparison with experiment when available.     

Neutron structure function and deuteron EMC effect

Using the impulse approximation, a relativistic formalism for the deuteron structure function is given in the conventional nuclear model. The nucleon density distribution function is obtained by combining the Blankenbecler-Cook vertex factor with the Buck-Gross deuteron wave function. A new procedure is developed to extract the neutron structure function from empirical data on proton and deuteron targets. The results are used to evaluate the deuteron EMC effects in the conventional nuclear model.     

Differential Cross Section for Elastic Deuteron–Proton Scattering at the Energy of 700 MeV per Nucleon

The results of measurements of the differential cross section for elastic deuteron–proton scattering at the energy of 700 MeV per nucleon that were performed at the internal target station of the nuclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna) are presented. These data were obtained at angles in the range between 70? and 120? in the c.m. frame. The angular dependence obtained in this way is compared with world-averaged data at similar energies and with the results of theoretical calculations performed within the relativistic theory of multiple scattering.     

Can we see a six quark component of the deuteron in inclusive pion production?

We present evidence that in deuteron-nucleus scattering, the production of pions with momenta greater than the average momentum per nucleon in the projectile can be explained by the assumption of a six quark component at short distances in the deuteron. The size of this component is shown to agree with data on the large momentum transfer deuteron form factor.     

The Triton from the Reid93 Potential in the UPA

The unitary pole approximation (UPA) provides an effective means to construct a rank one separable potential for calculations in which one requires a simple representation of the deuteron and/or triton ground-state wave function. By construction the deuteron wave function and the ¹S₀ anti-bound state wave function of the original potential are reproduced. We report results for the corresponding triton ground state. We choose to utilize the realistic Reid93 potential for this purpose. The Reid93 potential, generated by the Nijmegen group, is a Reid-like, partial-wave local potential that produces a χ² representation of the nucleon–nucleon (NN) scattering data that is as precise as an NN partial-wave analysis. Results for properties of ²H and ³H from the UPA are compared with those for the original potential. To further illustrate the precision of the method, results for properties of the deuteron and triton from the UPA are also compared with those for the original Reid68 potential.     

Exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration and off-shell effects

In the framework of a covariant formalism relying on a relativistic deuteron wave function (RDWF) with one nucleon on the mass shell one deals with an exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration process in the impulse approximation. The influence of the off-shell effect of the RDWF on possible analytic and dynamic cross-section factorizations is investigated. Contributions of direct and interference electrodisintegration amplitudes have been calculated taking into account the off-shell behavior of the electromagnetic nucleon vertex. Corresponding results are compared with data on three kinematics of the SaclayD(e, é p)n experiments. It is shown that off-shell effects both of the RDWF and electromagnetic nucleon vertex must be considered properly in order to get reliable information on the high-momentum component of the RDWF.     

Nuclear binding energy and symmetry energy of nuclear matter with modern nucleon–nucleon potentials

The binding energy of nuclear matter at zero temperature in the Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approximation with modern nucleon–nucleon potentials is studied. Both the standard and continuous choices of single particle energies are used. These modern nucleon–nucleon potentials fit the deuteron properties and are phase shifts equivalent. Comparison with other calculations is made. In addition we present results for the symmetry energy obtained with different potentials, which is of great importance in astrophysical calculation.