固相硝基甲烷相变的第一性原理计算

研究极端条件下固相分子晶体含能材料的相变机理,对于人们认识固相含能材料的爆轰反应有着重要的意义.采用基于校正密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究固相硝基甲烷在静水压下的行为.分析晶格参数a,b和c轴随压强的变化,发现在1 GPa到12 GPa时晶格参数出现不连续的变化,表明体系发生相变.在相变时最大的二面角从155.3?增加到177.5?,二面角的增加限制CH3官能团自由旋转,使得C-N和C-H键的键长发生变化.在相变之前,体系主要存在由C-H···O组成的分子间的氢键,而在相变之后存在分子内的H···O和分子间C-H···O组成的氢键.此外通过对硝基甲烷体系的电子结构进行计算,发现相变会影响带隙随压强的变化,而且还会影响费米能级附近的态密度结构.     

First principles calculations of cobalt doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons

We have investigated the stability and electronic properties of Co-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) by employing first principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results show that Co impurities settled in antiferromagnetic ground state which is ～2 meV favourable than ferromagnetic state. The formation energy indicates spontaneous formation of one-edge and centre doped structures, however, one-edge doping is found to be the most energetically favourable configuration. A charge transfer takes place from C to Co atoms which shows the formation of chemical bonding between C and Co. Binding energy also confirms the strong bonding of dopant Co impurity with C. The calculations show that band structures of all the ZGNR is substantially modified due to CoC charge transfer and the characteristic edge states of ZGNR are completely lost. Co-doping induces site independent enhanced metallicity irrespective of the ribbon widths. The broken degeneracy of electronic states in one-edge and centre doped ZGNR is important for spintronic applications.     

V+注入锐钛矿TiO2第一性原理研究

用金属离子注入方法在锐钛矿TiO2薄膜中掺杂了V+,采用全势线性缀加平面波方法计算了锐钛矿TiO2及V+掺杂TiO2超原胞的电子结构,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱测试方法检测了注入不同剂量的V+对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱的影响.理论计算和实验结果表明,锐钛矿TiO2薄膜注入V+后,带隙宽度变小,吸收光谱发生红移,并且TiO2的带隙宽度随着注入V+剂量的增加而减小.     

First principles calculations of Sr-based fluoroperovskite compounds under applied pressure

The structural, electronic and thermoelectric properties of SrXF₃ (X?=?Li, Na, K, Rb) compounds are performed using first principle calculations. The mBJ-GGA method has been considered to obtain accurate band gaps. The present compounds are found to be thermodynamically stable under 0?GPa and 10?GPa. This stability has been determined using the standard enthalypy of formation. The band structures of the compounds display direct band-gap (Γ-Γ). The band gap has slightly increased for almost studied compounds under 10?GPa. The Boltzmann transport calculations are used to calculate and explain the thermoelectric properties as a function of temperature within the range 20–1500?K. The majority charge carriers of SrXF₃ compounds are holes rather than electrons. Under 10 GP pressure the SrLiF₃ compound is shifted from n-type to p-type doping, whereas SrKF₃ and SrRbF₃ are shifted from p-type to n-type. SrNaF₃ has p-type doping character under 0?GPa and 10?GPa. The Seebeck coeffiecient is found to decrease, whereas σ/τ and S² σ/τ increase for higher temperature. According to the figure of merit and the high S² σ/τ values for SrXF₃, promising thermoelectric applications are expected for the present compounds.     

锂离子电池电极材料的第一性原理研究进展

文章综述了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池电极材料模拟与设计方面的研究进展.电极材料的研究包括电极材料的电子结构和电子导电性的研究,嵌锂电位、锂离子输运特性、嵌锂过程中局部结构弛豫与相变以及材料表面特性研究等方面,第一性原理计算在上述诸方面的研究都取得了一定的进展.这些理论上的研究成果,可以帮助人们加深对材料性能与机理的理解,同时对材料的设计也具有指导意义.     

锂离子电池电极材料的第一性原理研究进展

文章综述了第一性原理计算在锂离子电池电极材料模拟与设计方面的研究进展.电极材料的研究包括电极材料的电子结构和电子导电性的研究,嵌锂电位、锂离子输运特性、嵌锂过程中局部结构弛豫与相变以及材料表面特性研究等方面,第一性原理计算在上述诸方面的研究都取得了一定的进展.这些理论上的研究成果,可以帮助人们加深对材料性能与机理的理解,同时对材料的设计也具有指导意义.     

First principles calculations of the low temperature electrical resistivity of potassium

The results of first principles calculations of the low temperature (2 K ?T?20 K) phonon-limited electrical resistivity of potassium are presented for both the Bloch limit (possible phonon drag effects are completely ignored) and the phonon drag limit (phonon-phonon collisions, which tend to suppress phonon drag, are neglected). In the former case the agreement with experiment is very good; in the latter, the calculated results are much too low. These results are at serious variance with the conclusions of Kaveh and Wiser and reopen the question of whether or not there is any evidence for important phonon drag effects in the low temperature electrical resistivity of potassium.     

First principles calculations of armchair graphene nanoribbons interacting with Cu atoms

We have investigated the electronic properties of bare, H-terminated, Cu-terminated and Cu-doped armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) using ab-initio approach. We found that H-termination enhances the stability and band gap whereas H extraction introduces dangling bands and lowers the band gap making bare ribbons indirect band gap semiconductors. The calculations revealed that strong hybridization between Cu atoms and AGNRs, lessen the band gap for Cu-terminated ribbons and gives rise to metallicity in Cu-doped AGNRs irrespective of their widths. Formation energy of considered ribbons yield that H-terminated AGNRs with lowest formation energy are most energetically favored, next are one edge Cu-terminated ribbons followed by bare ones whereas both edges Cu-doped ribbons are least energetically plausible. We predict that presence of Cu atoms in GNRs, significantly alter the band gap and can be used in band gap engineering of nanoribbons.     

First principles calculations of relationship between the Cu surface states and relaxations

In this paper the relationship between the surface relaxations and the electron density distributions of surface states of Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) surfaces is obtained by first-principles calculations. The calculations indicate that relaxations mainly occur in the layers at which the surface states electrons are localized, and the magnitudes of the multilayer relaxations correspond to the difference of electron density of surface states between adjacent layers. The larger the interlayer relaxation is, the larger the difference of electron density of surface states between two layers is.     

First principles calculations of structural phase transformation in CaTe at high pressure

First principles calculations of the total energy of CaTe as a function of unit cell volume have been carried out for the NaCl, MnP and CsCl structures on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). All these calculations are performed with the CRYSTAL06 program package. The sequence of high-pressure phases for CaTe transforms from NaCl phase to an intermediate state with a mixture of NaCl and MnP phases and then to the CsCl phase is obtained, which is in good agreement with the previous experimental results. Several structural properties (equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, etc.) of NaCl structure have been calculated, which are also in agreement with the previous experimental results.     

Physical properties of Ima2-BN under pressure: First principles calculations

A fully orthorhombic boron nitride (BN) polymorph with an orthorhombic symmetry (Ima2-BN, space group: Ima2) was investigated by first-principles calculations. The Ima2-BN under 30 GPa is both mechanically and dynamically stable via elastic constants and phonon spectra. The anisotropic and electronic properties of Ima2-BN under different pressure are investigated in this work. The anisotropic properties calculations show that the Young's modulus of Ima2-BN in (001) plane exhibits the greatest anisotropy under ambient pressure, while in (111) plane it is the greatest when P > 20 GPa, while the (010) plane has always exhibited the minimal anisotropy whether under ambient pressure or high pressure. Ima2-BN is an indirect wider band gap semiconductor material under ambient pressure, and the band gap of Ima2-BN decreases with the increasing pressure. The minimum thermal conductivities κ_min of Ima2-BN is 1.85 W/(cmK), it is slightly higher than of B₄N₄-I and c-BN.     

Pb-Sn合金及Pb的热力学性质的第一性原理计算

本文基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)和密度泛函微扰理论(DFPT)方法,利用虚晶近似的计算方法研究了Pb-Sn合金的晶格结构、电子能带、声子能带及热力学性质,并用晶格能量差可与达到熔化温度时的振动能量相当的固-液相变机理研究了熔化温度,同时与所计算Pb的所有结果进行了对比.     

First principles study of behavior of helium at Fe(110)–graphene interface

Recently,metal-graphene nanocomposite system has aroused much interest due to its radiation tolerance behavior.However,the related atomic mechanism for the metal-graphene interface is still unknown.Further,stainless steels with Fe as main matrix are widely used in nuclear systems.Therefore,in this study,the atomic behaviors of point defects and helium(He) atoms at the Fe(110)-graphene interface are investigated systematically by first principles calculations.The results indicate that graphene interacts strongly with the Fe(110) substrate.In comparison with those of the original graphene and bulk Fe,the formation energy values of C vacancies and Fe point defects decrease significantly for Fe(110)-graphene.However,as He atoms have a high migration barrier and large binding energy at the interface,they are trapped at the interface once they enter into it.These theoretical results suggest that the Fe(110)-graphene interface acts as a strong sink that traps defects,suggesting the potential usage of steel-graphene with multiply interface structures for tolerating the radiation damage.     

V+注入锐钛矿TiO2第一性原理研究

用金属离子注入方法在锐钛矿TiO₂薄膜中掺杂了V⁺，采用全势线性缀加平面波方法计算了锐钛矿TiO₂及V⁺掺杂TiO₂超原胞的电子结构，通过紫外-可见吸收光谱测试方法检测了注入不同剂量的V⁺对TiO₂薄膜吸收光谱的影响.理论计算和实验结果表明，锐钛矿TiO₂薄注入V⁺后，带隙宽度变小，吸收光谱发生红移，并且TiO 关键词： +注入')" href="#">V⁺注入 2')" href="#">TiO₂ 全势线性缀加平面波方法 能带结构     

First principles calculations of mechanical properties of 4,4'-bipyridine attached to Au nanowires

A first attempt is made to calculate the forces involved in the breaking of nanowires consisting of a molecule attached to nanosized metallic pieces. As a model system, we consider different Au nanowires connected by a 4,4(')-bipyridine or pyrazine molecule, for which density functional calculations were performed at different elongations. The geometry of the system was optimized for different forces applied. In all cases the calculated maximum forces were close to 1 nN, which is of the order of the experimental values, and smaller than the corresponding to the rupture of the Au-Au chain (1.5-1.6 nN). When 4,4(')-bipyridine is attached to Au monoatomic nanowire, the maximum force required to break the Au-Au bond may be lowered to values close to that obtain to break the Au-N bond, but when 4,4(')-bipyridine is attached to small Au clusters, the breaking of the nanowire takes place at the Au-N bond only.     

First principles calculations of mechanical properties of cubic 5d transition metal monocarbides

The electronic and elastic properties of cubic 5d transition metal monocarbides in rocksalt, cesium chloride, and zinc blende structures have been studied by first principles calculations. The calculations show that the incompressibility for ReC in cesium chloride structure is even higher than that of diamond under pressure (above 89 GPa). The transformation pressure from zinc blende structure to rocksalt structure takes place at about 47 GPa for PtC. HfC-NaCl, ReC-CsCl, and HfC-ZnS have the smallest metallicity, leading to higher hardness. A valence electron number of 8/cell may be a stable valence shell configuration for 5d transition metal monocarbides in rocksalt and zinc blende structures.     

First principles calculations of the relaxed structural and electronic properties of Cu nanobelts

Calculations have been performed for the relaxed structural and electronic properties of Cu nanobelts with the cross-section 3×5, 3×7, 3×9 and 3×11 atomic layers, using the first-principles projector-augmented wave (PAW) potential within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. For all four size Cu nanobelts, most atoms relax inward, and the farther an atom is from the center of the nanobelt, the larger is the amount of inward relaxation and the smaller the total electronic charge. Compared with the (001) plane of Cu bulk crystal, a metallic (delocalized) bonding character obviously appears along the surface atoms as well as along the surface atoms and their first nearest neighbor atoms. The decrease in the coordination number and thus the decrease in restrictions for atoms distant from the center of the nanobelt lead most electrons to range in the higher energy region of the occupancy state.