Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2- and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed. It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia (MOIs) for these bands. The microscopic mechanism of the rotational bands is investigated by the particle number conserving (PNC) method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing, in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly. The experimental rotational frequency dependence of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations. The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

The study of energy bands in nucleus ~(102)Zr

Theoretical calculations of the energy bands in nucleus 102 Zr are carried out by taking the projected shell model approach, which has reproduced the experimental data. In addition, by analyzing band-head energies, corresponding configurations of yrast band, quasi-particle rotational bands and side bands, we have worked out the microscopic formation mechanism of axially symmetric deformation bands: The low-excitation deformation bands are attributed to the high-j intruder states 1g 7/2 and 1h 11/2 in the N=...     

Nonadditivity in moments of inertia of high-K multiquasiparticle bands

The experimental high-K 2-and 3-quasiparticle bands of well deformed rare-earth nuclei are analyzed.It is found that there exists significant nonadditivity in moments of inertia(MOIs)for these bands.The microscopic mechanism of the rotatiohal bands is investigated by the particle number conserving(PNC)method in the frame of cranked shell model with pairing.in which the blocking effects are taken care of exactly.The experimental rotational frequency dependenEe of these bands is well reproduced in PNC calculations.The nonadditivity in MOIs originates from the destructive interference between Pauli blocking effects.     

Particle-number conserving analysis of the high-K multi-quasiparticle bands in 179Re

The experimentally observed ten rotational bands in 179Re are analyzed with the particle-number conserving method for treating the cranked shell model with pairing interaction, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia of these bands are reproduced quite well by our calculations with no free parameter and the deformation driving effects are discussed. The bandhead energies and the variation in the occupation probability of each cranked orbital are also analyzed.     

Synthesis and Raman signature for the formation of CdO/MnO2 (core/shell) nanostructures

In the present report, bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ core/shell nanostructures of various cores and different shell sizes were synthesized using co‐precipitation method. The phase, size, shape and structural details of the bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ nanostructures were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy measurements. TEM micrographs confirm the formation of core/shell nanostructures. The presence of CdO (core) and MnO₂ (shell) crystal phases was determined by analyzing the Raman data of bare CdO and CdO/MnO₂ core/shell nanostructures. The Raman spectra of bare CdO nanostructures contain one broad intense convoluted envelop of three bands in the spectral range of 200–500 cm⁻¹ and a weaker band located at ~940 cm⁻¹. The intensity of these two Raman bands is decreased with the increase of shell size and disappeared completely for the shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm. Further, two new Raman bands appeared at ~451 and ~665 cm⁻¹ for the shell size 1.3 ± 0.1 nm. These two Raman bands are assigned to the deformation of Mn–O–Mn and Mn–O stretching modes of MnO₂. The intensity of these two Raman bands is enhanced with the increase of shell size and attains a maximum value for the shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm. The disappearance of characteristics Raman bands of CdO phase and the appearance of characteristics Raman bands corresponding to MnO₂ phase for nanostructures of shell size 5.3 ± 1 nm authenticate the presence of CdO as core and MnO₂ as shell in the core/shell nanostructures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

From discrete rotational bands to damped rotational motion

We present shell model calculations for warm rotating nuclei, combining the cranked Nilsson mean field and a residual surface-delta two-body interaction. The model is used to describe the transition from the region of well-defined rotational bands into the region dominated by rotational damping, and the results are in overall agreement with the experimental findings.     

On the treatment of the pairing interaction in the particle-rotor model

Different ways of treating the pairing interaction in the particle-rotor model are discussed and compared in a model which can be solved exactly. Special attention is paid to the interaction between the yrast and yrare bands as function of the shell filling.     

Structure of negative parity yrast bands in odd mass <Superscript>125–131</Superscript>Ce nuclei

The negative parity yrast bands of neutron-deficient ^125–131Ce nuclei are studied by using the projected shell model approach. Energy levels, transition energies and B(M1)/B(E2) ratios are calculated and compared with the available experimental data. The calculations reproduce the band-head spins of negative parity yrast bands and indicate the multi-quasiparticle structure for these bands.     

Rotational properties of shell-model states infp-shell nuclei

The relation between the microscopic shell model and the collective rotor model is investigated. As the first step an extensive shell-model calculation is performed on about twentyfp-shell nuclei with massA=52–60. It turns out that, with the model space and the effective interaction chosen, the shell model is well able to reproduce the experimental data in this mass region. As the second step the shell-model wavefunctions are used to calculate energies, electromagnetic moments and transition rates of states with spin up toJ=16. As the third step the observables calculated with the shell model are used to investigate whether these microscopic results can be reproduced by a simple rotational model. About twenty pure axially symmetric rotor bands, generated by the shell model, could be localized. Their properties are presented and discussed.     

Particle-Number Conserving Analysis for High K Multi-Quasiparticle Bands in Odd-A Deformed Nuclei 173,175Hf

Using the Particle-number Conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model, the high K multi-quasiparticle bands in odd-A deformed nuclei ^173,175Hf are analyzed, including the variation with rotational frequency of the moment of inertia, angular momentum alignment and occupation probability of each cranked Nilsson orbital. No free parameters are involved in the PNC calculation and the experimental results are reproduced well. The microscopic mechanism of the difference between the multi-quasiparticle high K bands and the yrast bands in neighboring even-even nuclei is investigated, where the blocking effects of high j intruder orbitals near the Fermi surface play a crucial role.     

稀土变形奇A核173,175Hf的多准粒子高K转动带的粒子数守恒分析

用处理推转壳模型的粒子数守恒方法分析了稀土奇A变形核^173,175Hf的3准粒子和5准粒子高K转动带,包括转动惯量、顺排角动量,以及推转Nilsson能级上的粒子填布几率随转动角频率的变化.计算中无自由参数.实验观测结果在计算中得到较好地重现.分析了多准粒子带与相邻偶偶核基态带的转动惯量变化规律不同的微观机制.在这里Fermi面邻近高j闯入态的堵塞效应起了举足轻重的作用.     

A comparison of the known SD bands in the mass A≈80 region

The mass A≈80 region is now firmly established as the newest region of superdeformation, with up to 11 nuclei exhibiting as many as 21 superdeformed bands. The dynamic moments of inertia of these bands reveal a variety of interesting features, such as superdeformed band crossings and the first pair of identical superdeformed bands in the mass A≈80 region. Cranked shell model calculations have been performed and the bands are interpreted in terms of the number of high-N intruder orbitals occupied. The differences in dynamic moments of inertia and the proposed single particle configurations are discussed.     

Particle-number-conserving analysis of multiquasiparticle bands in ~(177)Lu

The experimental one-, three-, and five-quasiparticle bands in ~(177)Lu are analyzed by the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with pairing interaction, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia are reproduced very well by PNC calculations with us free parameter.     

Particle-number-conserving analysis of multiquasiparticle bands in ~(177)Lu

The experimental one-, three-, and five-quasiparticle bands in 177Lu are analyzed by the particle-number conserving (PNC) method for treating the cranked shell model with pairing interaction, in which the blocking effects are taken into account exactly. The experimental moments of inertia are reproduced very well by PNC calculations with us free parameter.     

Picosecond thermometer in the amide I band of myoglobin

The amide I and II bands in myoglobin show a heterogeneous temperature dependence, with bands at 6.17 and 6.43 microm which are more intense at low temperatures. The amide I band temperature dependence is on the long wavelength edge of the band, while the short wavelength side has almost no temperature dependence. We compare concepts of anharmonic solid-state crystal physics and chemical physics for the origins of these bands. We suggest that the long wavelength side is composed of those amino acids which hydrogen bond to the hydration shell of the protein, and that temperature dependent bands can be used to determine the time it takes vibrational energy to flow into the hydration shell. We determine that vibrational energy flow to the hydration shell from the amide I takes approximately 20 ps to occur.