Suppression of stimulated brillouin scattering by increased landau damping in multiple-ion-species hohlraum plasmas

We demonstrate that multiple-ion-species plasmas greatly reduce stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in high-electron temperature inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. Landau damping is increased by adding hydrogen to a CO(2) gas filled hohlraum. We find that the SBS reflectivity decreases monotonically with increasing hydrogen fraction from 18% to 3% with a simultaneous increase of laser beam transmission. Detailed simulations with a 3D laser-plasma interaction code are in agreement with the experimentally observed reduction in backscattered light.     

High beam quality by SBS phase conjugation of a single rod Nd-amplifier up to 140 W average output power

For pumping XUV plasma light sources with solid-state lasers and also for micromaterial processing, high beam quality and output power as well as simplicity of the pump lasers are crucial. The beam quality of high-power solid-state lasers can be significantly improved using phase-conjugating mirrors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Hence, SBS phase conjugation may prove one of the key technologies in this field. We describe a single-rod neodymium amplifier with 140 W average output power and nearly diffraction-limited beam. Because of automatic compensation of the thermal lensing by SBS phase conjugation, the output power can be tuned without changing the beam profile.     

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering

A new method for measuring the threshold of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) based on the generation location of a Stokes beam is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The length of the medium cell is selected to be longer than the free gain length of pump pulses in the Brillouin medium. The reflected light from a certain mirror in front of the medium cell is chosen as the reference beam, and the SBS threshold is measured by the "jump" of the delay between the Stokes beam and the reference beam. An 8-ns Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode pulse is used as the pump and the typical SBS medium FC-72 is selected as the nonlinear medium in our experiment. The SBS threshold intensity is measured to be 173-178 mW/cm 2 , which is consistent with existing results measured with the transmitted energy limiting method.     

双棱镜结构中透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移

当入射角大于全反射临界角时,双棱镜结构中透射和反射光束的古斯-汉欣(Goos-Haenchen)位移具有饱和效应,并且只有波长数量级。利用稳态相位法研究了当入射角小于全反射临界角时双棱镜结构中透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移。研究表明,传播模式下透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移是空气层厚度、入射角和双棱镜折射率的周期性函数。当透射共振时,透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移可达入射波长的几十倍,与入射角大于全反射临界角的情况相比,透射光束的位移通过边界的相互作用具有共振增强效应;在非共振点处,对称结构中的反射光束具有与透射光束相同的古斯-汉欣位移。共振增强的透射光束的位移在光开关及光耦合器中具有潜在的应用。     

Laser–plasma interaction physics in the context of fusion

Of vital importance for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) are the understanding and control of the nonlinear processes which can occur during the propagation of the laser pulses through the underdense plasma surrounding the fusion capsule. The control of parametric instabilities has been studied experimentally, using the LULI six-beam laser facility, and also theoretically and numerically. New results based on the direct observation of plasma waves with Thomson scattering of a short wavelength probe beam have revealed the occurence of the Langmuir decay instability. This secondary instability may play an imporant role in the saturation of stimulated Raman scattering. Another mechanism for reducing the growth of the scattering instabilities is the so-called `plasma-induced incoherence'. Namely, recent theoretical studies have shown that the propagation of laser beams through the underdense plasma can increase their spatial and temporal incoherence. This plasma-induced beam smoothing can reduce the levels of parametric instabilities. One signature of this process is a large increase of the spectral width of the laser light after propagation through the plasma. Comparison of the experimental results with numerical simulations shows an excellent agreement between the observed and calculated time-resolved spectra of the transmitted laser light at various laser intensities.     

基于神光Ⅲ原型的背向散射实验技术研究

激光与等离子体相互作用研究是惯性约束聚变 (ICF) 研究中的重要研究内容. 为了定量研究神光III原型实验中激光与等离子体互作用产生的散射光能量和光谱, 研制了全孔径和近背向散射诊断系统, 并介绍了全孔径和近背反测量系统的光路结构. 对采用连续相位板技术后引起的激光焦斑变化进行了分析. 介绍了采用全孔径和近背向散射诊断系统在神光III原型上完成的考核束匀滑实验效果的实验, 对比了使用束匀滑前后背向散射系统获得的散射光份额和散射光谱分布. 实验发现, 在神光III原型使用800J能量 8束打靶的条件下, 使用束匀滑后背向散射光份额可以降低到5%以下, 其散射光谱也更加集中. 这些数据为黑腔能量学等研究的进一步发展起到重要的促进作用. 关键词： 激光散射 连续相位板 黑腔 光谱     

驱动激光束间相干性以及对背向散射影响的研究

早期的研究表明, 束匀滑技术能够有效地抑制高功率激光与等离子体相互作用中产生的各种参量不稳定性, 大大减少受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射. 但在NIF最近的实验研究中发现, 受激布里渊散射和受激拉曼散射份额远远高于预期, 原因可能与驱动激光束间的相干性有关. 本文利用"神光II"装置两路倍频纳秒激光辐照金平面靶, 研究了小口径取样情况下两者背向散射的能量和光谱在不同驱动激光相干条件下的变化情况. 初步结果表明, 激光束间存在着较强的相干性, 并且随着束间相干程度的增加, 背向散射也逐渐增强.     

BaTiO3晶体自泵浦相位共轭中的透射效应

从BaTiO_3晶体自泵浦相位共轭透射光束的出射角随泵浦光束入射角的变化,相位共轭透射光束在晶体中的光路,以及相位共轭透射光束的透射率随泵浦光束和晶体c轴夹角的变化等几方面研究了BaTiO_3晶体自泵浦相位共轭中的透射效应,根据实验结果肯定了自泵浦相位共轭中透射现象的存在.     

Phase conjugated wavefronts by stimulated brillouin and Raman scattering

Experimental investigations were made of wavefront reproduction (WFR) by backward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in CS₂ with a linearly polarized ruby pump beam. The experimental studies were carried out as a function of the optical waveguide diameter and photographic records comparing the pump beam with the backscattered SBS and SRS beams are presented. In all of the cases studied there was a high degree of replication between the SBS and pump beams; however, a deterioration in the quality of the replicated SRS beam was observed, and it increased as the cross-sectional area of the waveguide increased.     

A time-resolved study of sub-nanosecond pulse generation by the combined effects of stimulated brillouin scattering and laser-induced breakdown

The generation of subnanosecond pulses by the combined effects of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and laser-induced breakdown has been investigated by obtaining simultaneous streak photographs of the spark, the backscattered and the transmitted pulses. The results demonstrate that the output from an excimer pumped dye laser can yield subnanosecond pulses with a duration of 20ps. The pulse shortening effect results from the nonlinear reflection properties of the Brillouin mirror and the strong absorption of visible radiation by the laser-breakdown plasma.     

527nm激光辐照盘靶背向散射能量测量

在星光Ⅱ激光装置上,测量了脉宽1ns、能量40-110J的527nm激光在不同条件下辐照Au盘靶、Al盘靶的背向散射能量。结果表明:激光辐照Au盘靶时．在聚焦条件下背向散射能量约占打靶激光能量的7．8％;在束匀滑条件下背向散射能量份额下降到6.2％左右,证明了束匀滑可有效抑制背向散射。对比Au盘靶、Al盘靶背反能量与打靶激光能量关系曲线,可以看出背向散射能量与打靶激光能量基本上成线性关系。 Au and Al disk target were irradiated with -1 ns, 40-110 J, 527 nm laser at Xingguang-Ⅱ facility. The backscattered lights by laser-produced plasma were studied experimentally. The results are in troduced in this paper. Backscattered light energy is 7.8% of laser energy when laser is focused on Au disk target; when laser beam is smoothed, it is 6.2%. The comparison shows that laser smoothing can restrain backscattered light efficiency. The experimental results :also show that there is a linear relation between backscattered light energy and the laser energy.     

空气隙偏光镜对单模高斯光束光强分布影响的分析

根据光在格兰泰勒棱镜和格兰傅科棱镜空气隙胶合层中的干涉效应,分析了空气隙偏光棱镜对单模高斯光束光强分布的影响;结果表明:对于某一波长的入射光,当空气隙的厚度一定时,透射光强随光在空气隙介面上入射角的变化作周期性振荡;当入射角一定时,透射光强随空气隙厚度的变化作周期性变化;且透射高斯光束的形状也随光的入射角以及空气隙厚度的改变发生变化;且无论是透射光强的周期性振荡,还是透射高斯光束的形状的变化,格兰泰勒棱镜的影响均小于格兰傅科棱镜;这说明前者的综合性能优于后者。     

Direct measurements of an increased threshold for stimulated brillouin scattering with polarization smoothing in ignition hohlraum plasmas

We demonstrate a significant reduction of stimulated Brillouin scattering by polarization smoothing in large-scale high-temperature hohlraum plasma conditions where filamentation is measured to be negligible. The stimulated Brillouin scattering experimental threshold (defined as the intensity at which 5% of the incident light is backscattered) is measured to increase by a factor of 1.7+/-0.2 when polarization smoothing is applied. An analytical model relevant to inertial confinement fusion plasma conditions shows that the measured reduction in backscatter with polarization smoothing results from the random spatial variation in polarization of the laser beam, not from the reduction in beam contrast.     

受激布里渊散射光限幅输出波形控制研究

数值模拟了种子场诱导受激布里渊散射光限幅过程的限幅输出波形特性.得到利用种子场控制限幅脉冲波形的规律：选取种子场脉冲宽度为抽运脉冲宽度的五倍，抽运脉冲相对于种子脉冲的延迟时间控制在与抽运脉冲宽度相当时，限幅输出波形最佳.限幅输出波形同时受抽运光功率影响，随抽运能量的增加，限幅脉冲功率不断下降，直至趋于0. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 限幅输出波形 注入种子     

Phase shift upon resonant coupling into a thin corrugated optical waveguide

The coupling of light into a waveguide by a surface grating leads to the attenuation of the transmitted beam when the resonant modes of the waveguide are excited. These can be tuned by changing the incident angle or the wavelength. Upon excitation of a mode, the transmitted beam experiences a significant phase shift that can be measured and compared with that predicted by the Kramers-Kronig relations.     

Autocorrelation optical coherence tomography for mapping transverse particle-flow velocity

We present an autocorrelation method to quantitatively map transverse particle-flow velocity with a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system. This method is derived from the intensity fluctuation of the backscattered light modulated by flowing particles. When passing through the probe beam, moving particles encode a transit time into the backscattered light. The slope of the normalized autocorrelation function of the backscattered light is proportional to the transverse velocity. The proposed method is experimentally verified using an intralipid scattering flow phantom.     

线光束照射下局部病变组织背散射场角分布研究

将内含异质层的半无限生物组织作为研究线光束照射下局部病变组织背散射场的近似模型，在此基础上，引入倍加算法对线光束照射下局部病变组织背散射场角分布进行数值计算。根据数值计算结果，分析了不同组织层几何参量和光学参量对背散射场角分布的影响，结果表明：“病变组织层对背散射场中小角度光的影响明显大于对大角度光的影响；背散射场的角分布对病变组织的几何参量(埋藏深度和光学厚度)较为敏感，而对病变组织光学参量亦即病变组织性质的差异敏感度较低。”同时还对含肿瘤的乳房组织的背散射场角分布进行了计算和分析，为将背散射场角分布应用于组织内隐藏异物的无创伤诊断提供了理论参考。     

神光Ⅱ激光装置的全口径背向散射测量系统

报道了基于神光Ⅱ激光装置的全口径背向散射测量系统。系统通过激光聚焦透镜收集激光等离子体相互作用产生的散射光;两个热能量卡计分别测量波长348~354 nm范围的受激布里渊散射和波长400~700 nm范围的受激拉曼散射产生的散射光。该系统可以测量散射光的能量、功率和光谱图像,提供优于0.5 nm光谱分辨和10 ps时间分辨的光谱物理信息。同时采用PIN二极管阵列对聚焦透镜外侧附近的近背向散射光信息进行测量。     

Experimental evidence of plasma-induced incoherence of an intense laser beam propagating in an underdense plasma

Time dependent large angular spreading and spectral broadening of an intense randomized laser beam propagating in an underdense, well-characterized plasma is measured. The two features are correlated and increase with laser intensity or plasma density. This spatial and temporal incoherence imposed upon the beam via the coupling with the plasma is interpreted, in agreement with recent numerical simulations, as due to the interplay between dynamical filamentation and strongly driven stimulated Brillouin forward scattering.     

High-efficiency frequency-modulation non-redundant scanning of a light beam in a half space

It is shown that a large fraction of the energy of the impinging light beam on a parallel plate grating can be injected into only one transmitted order, which is not the zeroth transmitted order, when the incident angle of the beam and the refractive indices of the lossless dielectric bounding media satisfy the condition of total reflection. This signififies that non-redundant scanning of the radiation transmitted through the grafting can be obtained by varying the frequency of the incident radiation with little of the incident energy being scattered into the reflected orders.