Formation of fast multicharged heavy ions under the action of a superintense femtosecond laser pulse on the cleaned surface of a target

It is found that the mean charge of tungsten ions in a solid tungsten target cleaned from the surface layer of hydrocarbon and oxide compounds and exposed to femtosecond laser radiation with an intensity exceeding 10¹⁶ W/cm² attains 22+, while the maximum charge is 29+. The maximum energy of such ions approaches 1 MeV. The corresponding values obtained on a dirty target with the same laser pulse parameters constitute 3+, 5+, and 150 keV. The results of numerical simulation show that such a large maximum charge of ions can be attained owing to the emergence of an electrostatic ambipolar field at the sharp boundary between the plasma and vacuum. The main mechanism of ionization of ions with maximum charges is apparently impact ionization in the presence of an external quasi-static field. In addition, direct above-threshold ionization by this field can also play a significant role. It is also shown that heavy ions in a clean target are accelerated by hot electrons. This leads to the formation of high-energy ions. The effect of recombination on the charge of the ions being detected is analyzed in detail.     

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实验研究了超短超强激光与7μm薄膜Cu靶的相互作用中靶背法线方向产生的质子和碳离子的能量分布。实验中采用CR39和Thomson磁谱仪相结合测量质子和碳离子能谱。实验中观察到了质子和C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+离子。实验结果表明:离子沿着靶背法线方向发射,离子在一定能量处出现截断;质子的产额远远高于碳离子产额;C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+最大截止能之比约为4:3:2:1。     

Enhancement of electron–ion recombination rates at low energy range in the heavy ion storage ring CSRm

Recombination of Ar¹⁴⁺, Ar¹⁵⁺, Ca¹⁶⁺, and Ni¹⁹⁺ ions with electrons has been investigated at low energy range based on the merged-beam method at the main cooler storage ring CSRm in the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou,China. For each ion, the absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured with electron–ion collision energies from 0 meV to 1000 meV which include the radiative recombination(RR) and also dielectronic recombination(DR)processes. In order to interpret the measured results, RR cross sections were obtained from a modified version of the semiclassical Bethe and Salpeter formula for hydrogenic ions. DR cross sections were calculated by a relativistic configuration interaction method using the flexible atomic code(FAC) and AUTOSTRUCTURE code in this energy range. The calculated RR + DR rate coefficients show a good agreement with the measured value at the collision energy above 100 meV.However, large discrepancies have been found at low energy range especially below 10 meV, and the experimental results show a strong enhancement relative to the theoretical RR rate coefficients. For the electron–ion collision energy below 1 meV, it was found that the experimentally observed recombination rates are higher than the theoretically predicted and fitted rates by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9. The strong dependence of RR rate coefficient enhancement on the charge state of the ions has been found with the scaling rule of q^3.0, reproducing the low-energy recombination enhancement effects found in other previous experiments.     

[ONSO]型Salen化合物的合成、单晶结构及金属离子识别

一些重金属离子即使在较低浓度时也会对环境、生物体产生毒性,所以研究痕量金属离子识别具有重大意义。荧光传感器由于具有选择性好、灵敏度高、成本低、实时响应等优点, 得到了广泛关注。以2,4-二叔丁基苯酚,3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛和邻氨基苯硫酚为原料合成了类Salen配体L1, 并用1H NMR,13C NMR,IR,元素分析及X射线单晶衍射等手段对其进行了表征。并通过自由挥发法得到了配体L1的单晶结构,实验表明L1是三斜晶、P-1空间群的一个空穴平面[ONSO]四配位环境。通过荧光光谱考察了类Salen配体与金属离子(Li+,Na+,K+,Cd2+,Cs+,Co2+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag+)的识别与配位性能。光谱滴定分析表明L1与Zn2+以1∶1的化学计量数配位。另外,L1与Zn2+结合后荧光显著增强,荧光检测限达到5.01×10-5 mol·L-1,而上述提到的其他常见金属离子不引起荧光光谱变化。结果表明L1是一个对检测Zn2+的选择性高,灵敏度强的荧光增强型探针。     

BaFCl_xBr_（1－x）：Sm的发光研究

本文报道了ＢａＦＣｌｘＢｒ１－ｘ：Ｓｍ中Ｓｍ２＋、Ｓｍ３＋的光致发光、光激励发光和热释发光特征．讨论了基质组分对发光的影响及Ｓｍ２＋、Ｓｍ３＋的相对发光效率．发现Ｓｍ２＋的复合发光能力大于Ｓｍ３＋的复合发光能力，并从复合发光的过程及途径对这一现象进行了说明．     

BaFClxBr1-x：Sm的发光研究

本文报道了BaFClxBr1-x:Sm中Sm2+、Sm3+的光致发光、光激励发光和热释发光特征.讨论了基质组分对发光的影响及Sm2+、Sm3+的相对发光效率.发现Sm2+的复合发光能力大于Sm3+的复合发光能力,并从复合发光的过程及途径对这一现象进行了说明.     

Dielectronic recombination rates for the Be sequence

The dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients have been recalculated for the C, Ar, and Fe target ions of the Be-sequence with an improved estimate of the high Rydberg state contribution. The Δn = 0 excitation-capture mode is reexamined in an improved LS coupling scheme and the effect of configuration interaction in the target and in the final (stably, bound) states is considered. The contribution of the 1s (Δn_t ≠ 0) excitation mode is also estimated and found to be on the order of 5% of the total DR capture rate at high electron temperatures. This updates and supersedes our earlier results for this isoelectronic sequence.     

BaFCl:Eu~(2+)光激励发光的多隧穿能级模型

基于隧穿对复合发光的思想和位型坐标的原理,在比较了BaFCI:Eu~(2+)导带复合模型和单一隧穿能级模型的基础上,提出了多隧穿能级模型.通过隧穿转移中辐射跃迁衰减理论的推导,给出了利用光激励发光与热激励发光相比较来验证多隧穿能级模型的方法. 关键词：     

闪电放电通道的辐射演化特性

用无狭缝红外光谱仪获得了山东地区云对地闪电回击过程的近红外光谱,并与可见光波长范围的闪电回击光谱进行了对比分析.根据近红外光谱的结构特征,讨论了闪电通道等离子体的光谱辐射顺序以及不同波段连续光谱的主要辐射机制,研究得出：可见光谱主要是闪电回击初期和发展阶段的辐射|近红外光谱主要是闪电发展后期的辐射|可见波段的连续光谱主要来自韧致辐射的贡献,而红外部分的连续光谱主要来自复合辐射的贡献.由分析结果推断：闪电通道等离子体的复合过程是闪电产生O3、NOX的主要途径,复合过程中的氧吸附作用和去吸附过程是近红外光谱中氧原子谱线增多的重要原因,也是OI 777.4 nm相对强度比较大的主要原因.     

氘钛等离子体高压查尔特鞘层特性理论研究

建立了混合多组分等离子体高压查尔特鞘层动力学模型,数值研究了氘钛等离子体高压查尔特鞘层特性。理论与数值研究结果表明,提升D+离子比例、降低D+离子及Ti2+离子入鞘速度、降低等离子体密度等方式,均会有效增加鞘层厚度,并降低靶面场强幅值,这些方式有利于离子汇聚传输和降低靶面击穿风险。随加速电压的增加,离子引出稳定工作区域范围呈现先增加后减小的趋势。增加D+离子比例、减小D+离子及Ti2+离子入鞘速度,均会显著增加离子引出稳定工作区域范围。     

Precise determination of the 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) splitting in very heavy lithiumlike ions utilizing dielectronic recombination

The 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) energy splittings DeltaE(L) of the lithiumlike ions 19779Au76+, 20882Pb79+, and 23892U89+ have been measured at the Experimental Storage Ring, utilizing low energy dielectronic recombination. The resonance energies in total 41 different 1s(2) 2p(1/2)nl(j(')) (n > or =20) autoionizing Rydberg states populated in the dielectronic capture process have been determined. The 2s(1/2)-->2p(1/2) excitation energies have been obtained by extrapolation of these resonance energies to the associated series limits n--> infinity. The combined analysis of the experimental data for all three ions yields DeltaE(L)=216.134(96) eV for Au76+, 230.650(81) eV for Pb79+, and 280.516(99) eV for U89+.     

Thermal and chemical approaches for oxygen catalytic recombination evaluation on ceramic materials at high temperature

During the atmospheric entry phase, the physico-chemical phenomena taking place on space shuttle walls can lead to an important excess of heating and damage of the protective materials. The aim of this work is the study of the catalytic recombination of atomic oxygen under plasma conditions chosen to simulate the atmospheric reentry. To do that, we have developed an experimental set-up MESOX (Moyen d'Essai Solaire d'OXydation), which associates a solar radiation concentrator and a microwave generator to reach high temperature, low enthalpy flow and low pressure plasma with an air gas flow. The study of atomic oxygen recombination on silicon- or aluminum-based ceramic materials, at high temperature (1000–1800 K) has been done for different pressures (200–2000 Pa) by a thermal and a chemical understanding. The results give a catalycity scale of materials (thermal recombination flux, q_rec, and coefficient of atomic oxygen recombination, γ). The catalycity activity is weak for the sintered SiC target with atomic oxygen recombination flux reaching 35 kW/m², however, for a target of sintered Al₂O₃, catalytic effect is obtained with energy fluxes between 90 to 180 kW/m². The recombination coefficient γ confirms the catalycity scale of these ceramic materials.     

Total, partial, and electron-capture cross sections for ionization of water vapor by 20-150 keV protons

We present experimental results for proton ionization of water molecules based on a novel event by event analysis of the different ions produced (and lost). We are able to obtain mass analyzed product ion signals (e.g., H2O+, OH+, O+, O++, H+) in coincidence with the projectile analyzed after the collision, i.e., either being H+, neutral H after single electron capture during the ionization event, or H- after double electron capture. After proper calibration we are thus able to determine a complete set of cross sections for the ionization of a molecular target by protons including the total and the partial cross sections and in addition also the direct ionization and the electron capture cross sections.     

Kinetics of Oxygen Atom Production in R.F. Discharges of Moderate Pressures

The dissociation of molecular oxygen has been studied in a radiofrequency plasma at a pressure of 20 torr in a flow system. The results show that the main channel for dissociation is via electron excitation to the Herzberg and Schumann systems with negligible contribution of the channel involving the O₂(a¹Δg) metastable. While oxygen atom recombination can be followed outside the discharge region, kinetic data show that recombination within the discharge is effectively suppressed, probably as a consequence of a recombination assisted dissociation mechanism. This leads to high concentrations of O-atoms at the discharge exit.     

Electron correlation in the formation of hollow states along the Li-like isoelectronic sequence

Hollow-state (double K-shell vacancy) production in Li-like Be+, B2+, C3+, and F6+ ions colliding with He has been investigated using high-resolution Auger-electron spectroscopy. The formation of discrete states and their relative intensities show striking dependences on the nuclear charge Z of the ion. From the projectile velocity dependences of these states the contribution of the electron-electron interaction is determined, showing that the hollow states are formed largely by electron correlation with a strength that diminishes for increasing Z.     

TFEL器件亮度波形的快速过程

研究了TFEL亮度波形的上升与衰减过程,发现除一般的直接碰撞激发外,在发光中心的离导带较近的能级跃迁的发光中还存在另一种非常快的发光过程.通过分析ZnS:Er³⁺、Tin³⁺、Ce³⁺+Nd³⁺等不同样品,我们认为这种快过程属于导带中的慢电子与离化了的发光中心的复合.     

Calculation of hydrodynamic mass for atomic impurities in helium

We present a simple numerical procedure for calculating the irrotational hydrodynamic flow around a spherical solute in superfluid helium. The results for alkali cations are compared to recent many-body variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations. The helium contribution to the effective masses calculated by the VMC and hydrodynamic methods are 12.9(4.6) versus 9.4 u for Li+, 48.2(5.6) versus 52.1 u for Na+, 69.6(4.8) versus 70.1 u for K+, and 6.4(8.8) versus 6.8 for Cs+. In all cases, the agreement of the two results are in within the error estimate of the VMC calculation, demonstrating the accuracy of hydrodynamic treatment of helium motion even on the atomic length scale.     

Population inversion in recombining hydrogen plasma

The collisional-radiative model is applied to a recombining hydrogen plasma in order to investigate plasma conditions in which a population inversion between the energy levels of hydrogen can be generated. Population inversion is expected in plasmas for which three-body recombination makes a large contribution to the recombining processes and the effective recombination rate is larger than a critical value for a given electron density and temperature. Calculated results are presented in figures and tables.     

类Li氧等离子体光谱模拟

在FAC程序包中碰撞辐射模型的基础上,模拟出了L壳层的类Li氧等离子体的X射线辐射光谱,其中包括了单、双和三离子模型。经过分析得出,除了碰撞激发以外,级联效应和其它的动力学过程(如：碰撞电离、双电子复合、辐射复合以及共振激发等)对光谱的贡献都是不能被忽略的。并分析了类Li氧等离子体各动力学过程与温度和光谱相对强度之间的关系,分析结果表明X射线光谱的强度能及时响应等离子体温度的变化。     

类Li氧等离子体光谱模拟

 在FAC程序包中碰撞辐射模型的基础上,模拟出了L壳层的类Li氧等离子体的X射线辐射光谱,其中包括了单、双和三离子模型。经过分析得出,除了碰撞激发以外,级联效应和其它的动力学过程(如：碰撞电离、双电子复合、辐射复合以及共振激发等)对光谱的贡献都是不能被忽略的。并分析了类Li氧等离子体各动力学过程与温度和光谱相对强度之间的关系,分析结果表明X射线光谱的强度能及时响应等离子体温度的变化。