非中心对称超导序参量研究

非中心对称超导体是近年发现的一类新型超导材料. 在这类材料中, 非中心对称的晶体势场产生一个有效的反对称自旋-轨道耦合(ASOC)并导致自旋简并的能级发生分裂, 从而在超导配对态中允许自旋单态和自旋三重态混合. 这一性质有别于先前研究的大部分超导体, 需要从概念上突破BCS理论框架. 此外, 理论研究还表明非中心对称超导可能还是一类潜在的拓扑超导材料. 这些独特的物理性质已激发了广泛的研究兴趣, 并且越来越受到关注.#br#超导序参量的对称性是认识和理解超导形成机理的一个重要物理量. 本文将介绍基于隧道二极管的伦敦穿透深度测量技术, 并简要综述非中心对称超导的研究现状以及穿透深度测量在非中心对称超导序参量研究中的应用. 通过对比研究具有不同反对称自旋-轨道耦合强度的非中心对称超导材料, 我们发现其混合超导配对态与反对称自旋-轨道耦合强度缺乏简单的对应关系, 但与能带劈裂(E_ASOC)相对于超导转变温度(T_c)的比值(E_r=E_ASOC/T_c)紧密相关.     

London penetration depth and thermal fluctuations in the sulphur hydride 203 K superconductor

Recently, compressed H₂S has been shown to become superconducting at 203 K under a pressure of 155 GPa. One might expect fluctuations to dominate at such temperatures. Using the magnetisation critical current, we determine the ground‐state London penetration depth, λ₀=189 nm, and the superconducting energy gap, Δ₀=27.8 meV, and find these parameters are similar to those of cuprate superconductors. We also determine the fluctuation temperature scale, K, which shows that, unlike the cuprates, of the hydride is not limited by fluctuations. This is due to its three dimensionality and suggests the search for better superconductors should refocus on three‐dimensional systems where the inevitable thermal fluctuations are less likely to reduce the observed .

     

杆式射流侵彻半无限靶的理论分析

 理论分析高速杆式射流侵彻半无限靶过程时,考虑速度梯度对聚能射流的影响,将射流进行分段计算,得到了射流拉伸后实际碰靶时的微元长度和直径变化。采用伯努利方程和静力学方法,通过对射流形状和速度分布作线性近似,理论分析了高速杆式射流侵彻半无限靶的过程,得到了靶体中的侵彻深度和侵彻孔径与射流长度、速度及直径之间的关系。将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,结果表明理论分析结果与侵彻实验结果符合较好。     

Thermodynamic Parameters of Single‐ or Multi‐Band Superconductors Derived from Self‐Field Critical Currents

Key questions for any superconductor include: what is its maximum dissipation‐free electrical current (its ‘critical current') and can this be used to extract fundamental thermodynamic parameters? Present models focus on depinning of magnetic vortices and implicate materials engineering to maximise pinning performance. But recently we showed that the self‐field critical current for thin films is a universal property, independent of microstructure, controlled only by the penetration depth. Here, using an extended BCS‐like model, we calculate the penetration depth from the temperature dependence of the superconducting energy gap thus allowing us to fit self‐field critical current data. In this way we extract from the T ‐dependent gap a set of key thermodynamic parameters, the ground‐state penetration depth, energy gap and jump in electronic specific heat. Our fits to 79 available data sets, from zinc nanowires to compressed sulphur hydride with critical temperatures of 0.65 to 203 K, respectively, are excellent and the extracted parameters agree well with reported bulk values. Samples include thin films, wires or nanowires of single‐ or multi‐band s ‐wave and d ‐wave superconductors of either type I or type II. For multiband or multiphase samples we accurately recover individual band contributions and phase fractions.     

超导磁场穿透深度的拟合简化计算

磁场穿透深度λ与温度T的变化关系一直是超导领域广泛关注的焦点之一,根据BCS理论得到的穿透深度公式虽然与实验符合得相当好,但数学形式比较复杂.本文以BCS理论得出的λ与T的关系曲线为基准,通过计算机拟合的方法,将二流体模型和London极限得出的两条曲线拟合为一条新的曲线,使其数学形式相对简单,同时物理内涵又比较清晰,而且新的曲线与根据BCS理论得到的曲线基本吻合,达到了合理简化λ(T)计算的目的.     

周期加速结构单通带色散曲线的研究

提出一种新的分析周期加速结构的方法(腔模法).它首先利用有限元等方法计算出单个加速腔内的电短路和磁短路模式,然后构造出闭模和开模,把耦合腔中的单通带电磁场展开为开模和闭模的线性叠加,再结合耦合孔处开模对应的能通量,经过数学变换后就得到整个结构的单通带色散曲线.     

MgB_2超导体参量的拟和简化计算

关联长度ξ、临界Cooper对速度、London穿透深度λ以及临界电流密度jc与温度T的变化关系一直是二硼化镁超导体倍受关注的焦点。文中在各向同性的GL理论的框架内对以上参量随温度的变化关系通过计算机进行拟和,得出了数学形式相对简单、物理内涵又比较清晰的数学表达式,达到了对MgB2超导体参量拟和简化计算的目的。     

Variation of photon density distribution with system component within Intralipid emulsion

In order to recover distributions of optical parameters of underlining tissues utilizing backreflection optic tomography or diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for diagnostic proposes, trajectories of photons should be correctly estimated within tissue. Therefore, we have simulated the soft tissues with 1% Intralipid emulsion and have determined photon density distribution as a function of depth inside the Intralipid emulsions using laser light of wavelength 808 nm and two different detectors for different source-to-detector (S-D) separations. In this study we have shown difference in path distribution of the detected photons with two different detectors with different sensitivity for the same S-D separations in the Intralipid emulsions. This study has also shown that, the maximum penetration depth (MPD) of the detected photons is not an increasing function of the S-D separations. After reaching a maximum depth, the penetration depth decreases as S-D separation increases.     

超导体磁场穿透深度测量中的数据分析问题

讨论了目前在超导体磁场穿透深度λ测量中常用的几种数据分析方法.着重指出对于那些只能测量λ随温度的变化值Δλ(T),而无法测量其绝对值的实验而言,一种合适的数据分析方法对于我们从实验中得出正确的结论尤其重要.而微分归一法将有效地克服目前此类实验中常用数据处理方法的不足,从而实现理论与实验间的无参量比较. 关键词： 超导体 磁场穿透深度     

长径比对长杆弹垂直侵彻能力影响机制的研究

 以长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限靶为研究对象,利用量纲理论,分析了影响侵彻深度的主要因素,采用经验公式和数值仿真对长杆弹侵彻机理进行了系统研究。结果表明：要达到同样的侵彻效率,长径比的增加会增大单位侵彻深度所耗的能量密度;对于具有相同体积的不同弹体,侵彻深度随长径比增加而增大,直至达到某一最大值。研究发现,造成这种现象的主要原因是侵彻过程中后续不稳定阶段产生的漏斗形弹坑和高温影响弹体侵彻,虽然交界面对侵彻深度的影响较大,但与长径比对侵彻效率的影响无明显关系。     

Parametric Analysis of Complex Dispersion Curves for Flexural Lamb Waves in Layered Plates in the Low-Frequency Range

A combined asymptotical and iteration method is used to study dispersion curves for the case of dynamic bending of isotropically layered plates. Based on the explicit limit formulation of dispersion equation, asymptotics of roots are derived in closed form for large values of root moduli. The influence of elastic and geometric parameters of layers are analyzed. The existence of critical values of geometric parameters that correspond to change of the type of asymptotics is demonstrated. The errors of asymptotics are estimated, and an iterative method is proposed for calculating the exact values of roots in statics. A low-frequency long-wave asymptotics of complex dispersion curves is derived; its accuracy is the higher the lower the frequency and the greater the number of the curve are. It is also proved that each complex curve has a long flat segment, the length of which increases simultaneously with the number of curve. The dispersion curves themselves are also calculated by another specific iterative procedure. The fundamental bending mode is analyzed together with its purely imaginary sister. The existence of the additional purely imaginary curve at low frequency is proved. Examples of calculating the static roots and the dispersion curves for subcritical and supercritical values of geometrical parameters are presented, and the efficiency of the algorithm is estimated.     

入射速度对长杆弹垂直侵彻行为的影响规律

 以长杆弹垂直侵彻半无限厚靶板为研究对象,分析了弹体最大侵彻深度与入射速度的关系,研究了弹体入射速度对侵彻最大深度的影响规律。研究表明：靶板的强度和界面效应使弹体在侵彻过程中存在一个临界速度,当入射速度大于临界速度时,弹体的侵彻才能通过开坑阶段进入准稳定阶段,它是造成当入射速度较小时侵彻深度随入射速度的提高而几乎不变或缓慢增加的主要原因;准稳定侵彻过程中弹体速度和侵彻速度基本不变,并且两者存在线性关系,这种关系只与弹体和靶板的材料性能有关,是造成当入射速度较大时侵彻深度随入射速度的提高呈快速线性增大的主要原因。     

Dispersion of Surface Plasmons in Structures with a Conducting Film

Optics and Spectroscopy - The dispersion equations, the group velocity, the slowdown, and the conditions for forward and backward slow and fast plasmons propagating along thin metal films, as well...     

Electrical and magnetic properties of hot extruded Bi-2223/Ag concentric tapes

Summary In this work we report on the anisotropic physical properties of silver-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes fabricated by means of hot extrusion and repeated pressing and sintering processes. The obtained Bi-2223/Ag short tapes, having critical current densitiesJ _c of 20–30 kA/cm² at 77 K, 0 T, were measured in external magnetic fields up to 0.5T applied in two different orientations (i.e. μ₀H‖(a,b)-planes and μ₀H ⊥(a,b)-planes). The magnetic characterizations were performed in a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields to study the first magnetization curve of tapes evaluating the lower critical fields μ₀H_c1⊥ab and ⊥₀H_c1#x2016;ab and their dependences on temperature. TheJ _c values at different fields in the temperature range 4.6–90 K, calculated from the magnetization data by the critical state model, are also presented. Paper presented at the ?VII Congresso SATT?, Torino, 4–7 October 1994.     

Doping dependence of Meissner effect in cuprate superconductors

Within the t–t′–J model, the doping dependence of the Meissner effect in cuprate superconductors is studied based on the kinetic energy driven superconducting mechanism. Following the linear response theory, it is shown that the electromagnetic response consists of two parts, the diamagnetic current and the paramagnetic current, which exactly cancels the diamagnetic term in the normal state, and then the Meissner effect is obtained for all the temperature T ? T_c throughout the superconducting dome. By considering the two-dimensional geometry of cuprate superconductors within the specular reflection model, the main features of the doping and temperature dependence of the local magnetic field profile, the magnetic field penetration depth, and the superfluid density observed on cuprate superconductors are well reproduced. In particular, it is shown that in analogy to the domelike shape of the doping dependent superconducting transition temperature, the maximal superfluid density occurs around the critical doping δ ≈ 0.195, and then decreases in both lower doped and higher doped regimes.     

Dispersion Characteristics of Arbitrary Periodic Structures with Rectangular Grooves

The dispersion characteristics of a circular cylindrical waveguide with periodic surface corrugations consisting of rectangular grooves with smoothing are examined using the Space Harmonic Method (SHM). The whole structure is divided into two regions, one describing the propagation volume and one inside the grooves. In the first region, the Floquet theorem is applicable and the field distribution is expressed as a summation of spatial Bloch components, whereas in the second one an appropriate Fourier expansion of standing waves is used. Applying the boundary conditions an infinite system of equations is obtained, which is solved numerically by truncation. Several cases are considered, including the limiting cases of a sinusoidal and a rectangular corrugation profile, to check the accuracy of the method proposed as well as its dependence on the corrugation profile. Numerical results are presented only for transverse magnetic modes, although the formalism can be easily extended to include all kinds of waves that can in principle propagate in such a structure.     

Influence of structural disorder on low-temperature behavior of penetration depth in electron-doped high-TC thin films

The results of Hall probe magnetic measurements in the vicinity of a DyBCO tape carrying transport or magnetization currents at 77 K were used in the inverse calculation to obtain the current distribution across the tape width. Two different methods of the inverse problem calculation were used and the results compared. The transport current applied in the absence of the external magnetic field was stepwise increased and the determined current distribution was compared with that predicted by Brandt and Indenbom. The predicted convex shape of the current distribution in the central tape section was proved. Contrary to the prediction, we have observed a drop of the current at the tape edges. This result supports the conclusions of the loss measurements in YBCO tapes [O. Tsukamoto, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 18 (5) (2005) 596]. We also mapped the magnetic field in the vicinity of the tape carrying induced magnetization currents in the absence of the transport current and determined the corresponding current distribution. Superposition of the self magnetic field and a homogeneous external magnetic field (36 mT) flattens the magnetization current distribution evidently.     

皮肤组织容积脉搏波400~1000 nm光谱特性仿真研究

根据皮肤组织解剖结构特性建立了六层层状模型,并给出了皮肤组织各层的特性参数;考虑了氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的吸收特性,依据皮肤组织各层的水、血、脂肪、血氧饱和度含量以及血管大小给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱吸收系数;对不同波长散射系数做了适当简化,给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱散射系数。利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真血管组织在收缩与舒张两种状态下, 400~1 000 nm波长光在皮肤组织多层模型中的传输过程,并通过统计大量光子的分布特性,获得了皮肤组织光谱反射系数,并利用模拟所得的两种状态下的反射系数计算得到了光谱容积脉搏波幅度。仿真结果表明,当入射光强一定时,绿光的容积脉搏波幅度优于红光和蓝光。通过计算不同波长光沿皮肤组织深度方向光能流率衰减为1/e时对应的皮肤组织深度,获得了皮肤组织光谱穿透深度。结果显示,血管舒张状态下蓝光和绿光的穿透深度较小,蓝光大部分只能达到表皮层,绿光能到达微循环层,红光可直达真皮层。考虑到光在皮肤组织中传播包含了一个从收缩到舒张的动态过程,基于此,根据穿透深度定义了脉搏波信号产生深度,利用血管舒张与收缩两种不同状态下的穿透深度计算得到了光谱产生深度。结果表明,不同波长光产生深度大于其穿透深度,蓝光产生深度较浅,且其受到的血液吸收调制较小,因而其获得的脉搏信号易受噪声干扰;红光的容积脉搏波产生深度较大,但是相比于绿光其受血液吸收调制较小,且绿光产生深度足够达到真皮血管层,因而红光容积脉搏波的幅度小于绿光。上述仿真结果明确了皮肤组织部分光谱特性,为皮肤组织多光谱容积脉搏波的精确获取及其他相关研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

高非线性光子晶体光纤色散特性的研究

采用矢量光束传输法对不同结构参量的高非线性光子晶体光纤的非线性特性和色散特性进行了数值分析,计算得出高非线性光子晶体光纤的物理参量基模有效面积Aeff 、非线性系数γ和色散系数D.分析了Aeff 、γ和D与高非线性光子晶体光纤结构参量空气孔间距Λ、空气孔直径d之间的关系.分析结果表明,通过调节光子晶体光纤的结构参量可以灵活地调整高非线性光子晶体光纤的非线性特性和色散特性.     

机载海洋激光测深系统参量设计与最大探测深度能力分析

详细讨论了机载海洋激光测深系统最大测量深度与相关因子之间的关系，并利用最小可探测信噪比为判据，对机载海洋激光测深系统在白天和晚上工作进行了数值模拟，通过比较最大测量深度与激光脉冲峰值功率、接收视场角、接收口径和光谱接收带宽等关系，确定了系统的主要参量。以确定的参量建立的系统具有白天49m和晚上65m的最大测深能力，可完全满足在沿岸带以及岛礁的测量要求。