气泡-液体多股射流二阶矩两相湍流模型的模拟

本文采用二阶矩两相湍流模型模拟了气泡－液体闭式多股射流。研究结果显示出预报的两相速度、雷诺应力和气泡体积分数分布的合理性，以及在速度较高和剪切较强的情况下，气泡湍流脉动仍然大于液体湍流脉动，气泡增强液体湍流，气液两相湍流脉动均存在各向异性，而且气泡脉动的各向异性比液体脉动的大等规律。     

回流扩散燃烧火焰湍流结构特性的PIV测量

利用粒子图像速度场测量(PIV)技术对不同燃空速度比下的钝体回流扩散燃烧流场进行了测量,考察不同火焰的湍流结构特性.结果表明,流场中轴向脉动速度沿钝体中心轴线成对称分布,轴向脉动速度最大值出现在钝体中心轴线处,流场切向雷诺应力以饨体轴线呈中心对称,在中心轴线处切向雷诺应力值为0,随燃空速度比的增大,轴向脉动速度和切向雷诺应力不断增大,随着与钝体表面的距离增加,流场截面上最大轴向脉动速度不断减小,最大切向雷诺应力先增大,后减小.     

颗粒增强湍流的新模型和气粒流动的湍流变动

用雷诺应力方程模型和极细的网格系对单个颗粒受湍流气体绕流进行了数值模拟,研究了改变颗粒直径和气体相对速度时颗粒增强气体湍流的规律.据此构造了颗粒尾涡增强气体湍流的新模型.将此子模型加入到两相流动模型中,对竖直和水平通道内气粒两相流动进行了数值模拟,和实验结果的对照表明,考虑颗粒尾涡增强气体湍流效应得到的气体湍流脉动速度的模拟结果比不考虑此效应的模拟结果好得多.     

下降管中稠密两相湍流的数值模拟

本文将统一二阶矩两相湍流模型和颗粒动力学理论结合,推导并封闭了稠密两相流考虑颗粒间碰撞的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型。该模型用颗粒动力学理论模拟颗粒之间的碰撞,用各向异性的统一二阶矩模型考虑气相和颗粒相的湍流脉动,并用输运方程描述气固两相湍流之间的相互作用。最后用该模型对下降管中的气粒两相流动进行了模拟,模拟所得的沿径向颗粒浓度分布和速度分布与实验吻合较好,预报结果也反应出了颗粒雷诺应力的各向异性。     

使用RSM模型对旋风除尘器内湍流各向异性的数值模拟

旋风除尘器内三维湍流流场具有典型的各项异性,本文采用雷诺应力模型求解该流场得到了三维湍流流场的详细数据,得出了雷诺应力6个分量的分布图,揭示了这类强旋流流场湍流各向异性的特征。典型的几个算例的实践表明:采用雷诺应力模型求解这类流场非常必要,它能较好地反映这类流场的真实物理流动;与相关实验数据的比较表明吻合性较好,显示了本文算法的可行性;计算中发现,发展非结构网格更有利于模拟壁面附近的流动,并节省计算机内存。     

近壁区湍流脉动压力相关项的理论模型

提出在湍流边界层近壁区采用三维波的理论模型描述湍流相干结构,根据理论模型计算了Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ应力输运方程中的脉动速度与脉动压力梯度的相关项,理论计算结果与直接数值模拟（ＤＮＳ）符合很好。表明该理论方法不仅有益于对湍流机制的了解,而且可能为湍流的近壁模型化开辟一条新的途径。     

旋涡流化床悬浮空间强旋湍流回流流动的数值模拟

旋涡流化床悬浮空间强旋湍流回流流动是十分复杂的湍流流动过程。本文基于对旋涡流化床悬浮空间气固两相悬浮流动规律的认识和强旋湍流各向异性的特点,建立和发展了适用于旋风流动的雷诺代数应力模型(ASM),使其既能体现雷诺应力输运方程的基本特征,又具有模型简单和计算经济的优点。结合压力速度校正的SIMPLE算法程     

锅炉炉内流动的数学模拟——AS-F模型的应用

一、引言 雷诺应力-湍流热通量代数方程模型(Algebraic Stress/Flux),简称AS-F模型,是由雷诺应力-湍流热通量输运方程模型简化而来的。AS-F模型保留了输运方程模型的基本特征,具有很强的通用性。同时,又在输运方程的基础上进行了较大的简化,具有较好的计算经济性,在许多领域得到了重视和应用。AS-F模型比κ-ε模型适用范围更广,例如,对κ-ε模型不能很好解决的旋流流动,AS-F模型就能很好地     

k－ε－PDF两相湍流模型和台阶后方气粒两相流动的模拟

本文提出了两相湍流的ｋ－ε－ＰＤＦ模型。ＰＤＦ模型所得的湍流两相流动的统计平均方程，与雷诺时均方程有相似的形式，但ＰＤＦ模型可精确计算出颗粒相各方程的脉动关联项。本文将该模型用于预报台阶后方湍流两相流动，与ｋ－ε－ｋｐ模型相比，它可以更合理地预报出颗粒湍流的各向异性。     

基于νt尺度方程的雷诺应力模型初步研究

雷诺应力模型一直是湍流模式理论研究的前沿和难点,而提高数值鲁棒性是其广泛开展工程应用的关键.借鉴经典的k-k L湍流模型,本文构造了一种新的ν_t尺度方程,并将其用于耦合SSG/LRR模式从而形成SSG/LRR-ν_t雷诺应力模型.通过零压力梯度湍流平板边界层、翼型尾迹流、超声速方腔流和NACA0012翼型45°迎角分离流动4个标准算例对新模型进行了验证与确认.同时,为了测试模型的数值鲁棒性,采用高精度数值格式对模型方程进行了离散求解,并与SA涡粘模型和SSG/LRR-ω雷诺应力模型进行对比.结果表明:ν_t尺度方程在黏性壁面边界严格为零,相比传统的ω尺度,具有更好的数值鲁棒性,从而可实现新模型与高精度数值格式的匹配并获得更好的网格收敛效率;新模型具备雷诺应力模型的传统优势,可对拐角流动进行很好的模拟;具备尺度自适应能力,对于非定常分离流动的模拟存在一定的潜力.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.