Attractors and recurrence for dendrite-critical polynomials

We call a rational map f dendrite-critical if all its recurrent critical points either belong to an invariant dendrite D or have minimal limit sets. We prove that if f is a dendrite-critical polynomial, then for any conformal measure μ either for almost every point its limit set coincides with the Julia set of f, or for almost every point its limit set coincides with the limit set of a critical point c of f. Moreover, if μ is non-atomic, then c can be chosen to be recurrent. A corollary is that for a dendrite-critical polynomial and a non-atomic conformal measure the limit set of almost every point contains a critical point.     

Brownian Gibbs property for Airy line ensembles

Consider a collection of N Brownian bridges $B_{i}:[-N,N] \to \mathbb{R} $ , B _i (?N)=B _i (N)=0, 1≤i≤N, conditioned not to intersect. The edge-scaling limit of this system is obtained by taking a weak limit as N→∞ of the collection of curves scaled so that the point (0,2^1/2 N) is fixed and space is squeezed, horizontally by a factor of N ^2/3 and vertically by N ^1/3. If a parabola is added to each of the curves of this scaling limit, an x-translation invariant process sometimes called the multi-line Airy process is obtained. We prove the existence of a version of this process (which we call the Airy line ensemble) in which the curves are almost surely everywhere continuous and non-intersecting. This process naturally arises in the study of growth processes and random matrix ensembles, as do related processes with “wanderers” and “outliers”. We formulate our results to treat these relatives as well. Note that the law of the finite collection of Brownian bridges above has the property—called the Brownian Gibbs property—of being invariant under the following action. Select an index 1≤k≤N and erase B _k on a fixed time interval (a,b)?(?N,N); then replace this erased curve with a new curve on (a,b) according to the law of a Brownian bridge between the two existing endpoints (a,B _k (a)) and (b,B _k (b)), conditioned to intersect neither the curve above nor the one below. We show that this property is preserved under the edge-scaling limit and thus establish that the Airy line ensemble has the Brownian Gibbs property. An immediate consequence of the Brownian Gibbs property is a confirmation of the prediction of M. Prähofer and H. Spohn that each line of the Airy line ensemble is locally absolutely continuous with respect to Brownian motion. We also obtain a proof of the long-standing conjecture of K. Johansson that the top line of the Airy line ensemble minus a parabola attains its maximum at a unique point. This establishes the asymptotic law of the transversal fluctuation of last passage percolation with geometric weights. Our probabilistic approach complements the perspective of exactly solvable systems which is often taken in studying the multi-line Airy process, and readily yields several other interesting properties of this process.     

Construction of a Gibbs measure associated to the periodic Benjamin–Ono equation

We define a finite Borel measure of Gibbs type, supported by the Sobolev spaces of negative indexes on the circle. The measure can be seen as a limit of finite dimensional measures. These finite dimensional measures are invariant by the ODE’s which correspond to the projection of the Benjamin–Ono equation, posed on the circle, on the first N, N ≥ 1 modes in the trigonometric bases.     

On the 16th Hilbert problem for limit cycles on nonsingular algebraic curves

We give an upper bound for the maximum number N of algebraic limit cycles that a planar polynomial vector field of degree n can exhibit if the vector field has exactly k nonsingular irreducible invariant algebraic curves. Additionally we provide sufficient conditions in order that all the algebraic limit cycles are hyperbolic. We also provide lower bounds for N.     

The Wolff potential estimate for solutions to elliptic equations with signed data

In this note, we obtain sharp bounds for the Green’s function of the linearized Monge–Ampère operators associated to convex functions with either Hessian determinant bounded away from zero and infinity or Monge–Ampère measure satisfying a doubling condition. Our result is an affine invariant version of the classical result of Littman–Stampacchia–Weinberger for uniformly elliptic operators in divergence form. We also obtain the L ^p integrability for the gradient of the Green’s function in two dimensions. As an application, we obtain a removable singularity result for the linearized Monge–Ampère equation.     

The Chern-Simons invariants of cone-manifolds with Whitehead link singular set

In the present article, we obtain some explicit integral formulas for the generalized Chern-Simons function I(W(α,β)) for Whitehead link cone-manifolds in the hyperbolic and spherical cases. We also give the Chern-Simons invariant for the Whitehead link orbifolds. We find a formula for the Chern-Simons invariant of n-fold coverings of the three-sphere branched over the Whitehead link.     

Strongly invertible links and divides

To a proper generic immersion of a finite number of copies of the unit interval in a 2-disc, called a divide, A’Campo associates a link in S³. From the more general notion of ordered Morse signed divides, one obtains a braid presentation of links of divides. In this paper, we prove that every strongly invertible link is isotopic to the link of an ordered Morse signed divide. We give fundamental moves for ordered Morse signed divides and show that strongly invertible links are equivalent if and only if we can pass from one ordered Morse signed divide to the other by a sequence of such moves. Then we associate a polynomial to an ordered Morse signed divide, invariant for these moves. So this polynomial is invariant for the equivalence of strongly invertible links.     

Vassiliev invariants of type one for links in the solid torus

In Bataineh (2003) [2] we studied the type one invariants for knots in the solid torus. In this research we study the type one invariants for n-component links in the solid torus by generalizing Aicardi's invariant for knots in the solid torus to n-component links in the solid torus. We show that the generalized Aicardi's invariant is the universal type one invariant, and we show that the generalized Aicardi's invariant restricted to n-component links in the solid torus with zero winding number for each component is equal to an invariant we define using the universal cover of the solid torus. We also define and study a geometric invariant for n-component links in the solid torus. We give a lower bound on this invariant using the type one invariants, which are easy to calculate, which helps in computing this geometric invariant, which is usually hard to calculate.     

Conformal upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian and Steklov problem

In this paper, we find upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian in the conformal class of a compact Riemannian manifold (M,g). These upper bounds depend only on the dimension and a conformal invariant that we call “min-conformal volume”. Asymptotically, these bounds are consistent with the Weyl law and improve previous results by Korevaar and Yang and Yau. The proof relies on the construction of a suitable family of disjoint domains providing supports for a family of test functions. This method is interesting for itself and powerful. As a further application of the method we obtain an upper bound for the eigenvalues of the Steklov problem in a domain with C¹ boundary in a complete Riemannian manifold in terms of the isoperimetric ratio of the domain and the conformal invariant that we introduce.     

Invariants of matrix pairs over discrete valuation rings and Littlewood-Richardson fillings

Let M and N be two r×r matrices of full rank over a discrete valuation ring R with residue field of characteristic zero. Let P,Q and T be invertible r×r matrices over R. It is shown that the orbit of the pair (M,N) under the action (M,N)?(PMQ^-1,QNT^-1) possesses a discrete invariant in the form of Littlewood-Richardson fillings of the skew shape λ/μ with content ν, where μ is the partition of orders of invariant factors of M, ν is the partition associated to N, and λ the partition of the product MN. That is, we may interpret Littlewood-Richardson fillings as a natural invariant of matrix pairs. This result generalizes invariant factors of a single matrix under equivalence, and is a converse of the construction in Appleby (1999) [1], where Littlewood-Richardson fillings were used to construct matrices with prescribed invariants. We also construct an example, however, of two matrix pairs that are not equivalent but still have the same Littlewood-Richardson filling. The filling associated to an orbit is determined by special quotients of determinants of a matrix in the orbit of the pair.     

Enroulements des géodésiques sous la mesure de Patterson-Sullivan

Let M be a geometrically finite hyperbolic surface having at least one cusp, and infinite volume. We obtain the limit law under the Patterson-Sullivan measure on T¹ M of the normalized integral along the geodesics of M of any 1-form closed near the cusps. This limit law is stable with parameter 2δ − 1, where δ is the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of the subgroup Γ of Möbius isometries associated with M.     

The inducibility of graphs

We investigate the maximum number of ways in which a k-vertex graph G can appear as an induced subgraph of an n-vertex graph, for n ≥ k. When this number is expressed as a fraction of all k-vertex induced subgraphs, it tends to a definite limit as n → ∞. This limit, which we call the inducibility of G, is an effectively computable invariant of G. We examine the elementary properties of this invariant: its relationship to various operations on graphs, its maximum and minimum values, and its value for some particular graphs.     

Stable manifolds for nonuniform polynomial dichotomies

We establish the existence of smooth stable manifolds in Banach spaces for sufficiently small perturbations of a new type of dichotomy that we call nonuniform polynomial dichotomy. This new dichotomy is more restrictive in the “nonuniform part” but allow the “uniform part” to obey a polynomial law instead of an exponential (more restrictive) law. We consider two families of perturbations. For one of the families we obtain local Lipschitz stable manifolds and for the other family, assuming more restrictive conditions on the perturbations and its derivatives, we obtain C¹ global stable manifolds. Finally we present an example of a family of nonuniform polynomial dichotomies and apply our results to obtain stable manifolds for some perturbations of this family.     

Harnack inequalities for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by Lévy processes

By using the existing sharp estimates of the density function for rotationally invariant symmetric α-stable Lévy processes and rotationally invariant symmetric truncated α-stable Lévy processes, we obtain that the Harnack inequalities hold for rotationally invariant symmetric α-stable Lévy processes with α∈(0,2) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by rotationally invariant symmetric α-stable Lévy process, while the logarithmic Harnack inequalities are satisfied for rotationally invariant symmetric truncated α-stable Lévy processes.     

Link homology theories from symplectic geometry

For each positive integer n, Khovanov and Rozansky constructed an invariant of links in the form of a doubly-graded cohomology theory whose Euler characteristic is the sl(n) link polynomial. We use Lagrangian Floer cohomology on some suitable affine varieties to build a similar series of link invariants, and we conjecture them to be equal to those of Khovanov and Rozansky after a collapse of the bigrading. Our work is a generalization of that of Seidel and Smith, who treated the case n=2.     

Heat kernels for non-divergence operators of Hörmander type

We prove the existence of a fundamental solution for a class of Hörmander heat-type operators. For this fundamental solution and its derivatives we obtain sharp Gaussian bounds that allow to prove an invariant Harnack inequality. To cite this article: M. Bramanti et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 343 (2006).     

On the quantum filtration of the Khovanov-Rozansky cohomology

We prove the quantum filtration on the Khovanov-Rozansky link cohomology Hp with a general degree (n+1) monic potential polynomial p(x) is invariant under Reidemeister moves, and construct a spectral sequence converging to Hp that is invariant under Reidemeister moves, whose E₁ term is isomorphic to the Khovanov-Rozansky sl(n)-cohomology Hn. Then we define a generalization of the Rasmussen invariant, and study some of its properties. We also discuss relations between upper bounds of the self-linking number of transversal links in standard contact S³.     

Constructive approximations to the invariant densities of higher-dimensional transformations

Let τ be a piecewiseC ² transformation on a rectangular partition of then-dimensional cube which has a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure. An approximation to τ by a sequence of Jablonski transformations is presented and it is shown that the associated sequence of invariant density functions converges to the density function invariant under τ. An example is presented.