Convective heat transfer and MHD effects on Casson nanofluid flow over a shrinking sheet

Current study examines the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of a Casson nanofluid over an exponentially permeable shrinking sheet with convective boundary condition. Moreover, we have considered the suction/injection effects on the wall. By applying the appropriate transformations, system of non-linear partial differential equation along with the boundary conditions are transformed to couple non-linear ordinary differential equations. The resulting systems of non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta method. Numerical results for velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume concentration are presented through graphs for various values of dimensionless parameters. Effects of parameters for heat transfer at wall and nanoparticle volume concentration are also presented through graphs and tables. At the end, fluid flow behavior is examined through stream lines. Concluding remarks are provided for the whole analysis.     

Heat and mass transfer of MHD convective boundary layer flow past a stretching porous wall embedded in a porous medium

The hydromagnetic convective boundary layer flow past a stretching porous wall embedded in a porous medium with heat and mass transfer in the presence of a heat source and under the influence of a uniform magnetic field is studied. Exact solutions of the basic equations of motion, heat and mass transfer are obtained after reducing them to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The reduced equations of heat and mass transfer are solved using a confluent hypergeometric function. The effects of the flow parameters such as a suction parameter (N), magnetic parameter (M), permeability parameter (K _p ), wall temperature parameter (r), wall concentration parameter (n), and heat source/sink parameter (Q) on the dynamics are discussed. It is observed that the suction parameter appears in the boundary condition ensuring the variable suction at the surface. Transverse component of the velocity increases only when magnetic field strength exceeds certain value, but the thermal boundary layer thickness and concentration distribution increase for all values. Results presented in this paper are in good agreement with the work of the previous author and also in conformity with the established theory.     

General Solution for Unsteady Natural Convection Flow with Heat and Mass in the Presence of Wall Slip and Ramped Wall Temperature

This work is focused on the effect of heat and mass transfer with unsteady natural convection flow of viscous fluid along with ramped wall temperature under the assumption of the slip wall condition at the boundary. Analytical solutions are obtained by using Laplace transformation to the non-dimensional set of governing equations containing velocity, temperature and concentration. Moreover, the expression for skin-friction is derived by differentiating the analytical solutions of fluid velocity. Numerical tables for Skin-friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt-number are examined. For the physical aspects of the flow, we use various values of involved physical parameters such as Prandtl number (Pr), slip parameter ($\eta$), Schmidt number (Sc), buoyancy ratio parameter ($N$), Sherwood number (Sh), and time $(t)$. Additionally, the general solutions are plotted graphically and a comprehensive theoretical section of numerical discussions is included.     

Heat transfer behaviours of nanofluids in a uniformly heated tube

In the present work, we consider the problem of the forced convection flow of water– γAl₂O₃ and ethylene glycol– γAl₂O₃ nanofluids inside a uniformly heated tube that is submitted to a constant and uniform heat flux at the wall. In general, it is observed that the inclusion of nanoparticles has increased considerably the heat transfer at the tube wall for both the laminar and turbulent regimes. Such improvement of heat transfer becomes more pronounced with the increase of the particle concentration. On the other hand, the presence of particles has produced adverse effects on the wall friction that also increases with the particle volume concentration. Results have also shown that the ethylene glycol– γAl₂O₃ mixture gives a far better heat transfer enhancement than the water– γAl₂O₃ mixture.     

Advanced Study of Unsteady Heat and Chemical Reaction with Ramped Wall and Slip Effect on a Viscous Fluid

This paper investigate the effect of slip boundary condition, thermal radiation, heat source, Dufour number,chemical reaction and viscous dissipation on heat and mass transfer of unsteady free convective MHD flow of a viscous fluid past through a vertical plate embedded in a porous media. Numerical results are obtained for solving the nonlinear governing momentum, energy and concentration equations with slip boundary condition, ramped wall temperature and ramped wall concentration on the surface of the vertical plate. The influence of emerging parameters on velocity,temperature and concentration fields are shown graphically.     

小型平板CPL蒸发器耦合计算及优化设计研究

本文建立了小型平板CPL蒸发器毛细多孔芯内汽液两相流动与传热的模型以及金属外壁和工质区的导热模型,并进行耦合求解.分析了金属侧壁效应对蒸发器性能的影响,提出小型平板CPL存在着侧壁效应传热极限.数值结果表明,工质蒸发发生在多孔芯加热表面附近,蒸发器采用单一金属外壁时由于侧壁效应导致系统传热极限低,而上壁采用导热系数大,侧壁及下壁采用导热系数小的新型结构能够明显的提高系统的传热能力,同时使加热表面的温度维持在较低的水平.     

Numerical heat transfer analysis in turbulent channel flow over a side-by-side triangular prism pair

Heat transfer and flow behavior in a channel fitted with a transverse triangular prism pair is numerically investigated in the turbulent flow regime for the Reynolds number ranging from 10000 to 50000. The aspect ratio of channel height to the prism base is fixed at 4.0 throughout the study. The Navier-Stokes equation, along with the energy equation, is solved using a finite volume method with the SIMPLE technique and the QUICK numerical scheme for coupling the discretized equations while the standard k-ɛ turbulence model is used for closure of the problem. The numerical result reveals that heat transfer augmentation in the channel with the built-in prism pair can be obtained. It is observed that as compared to a channel, the heat transfer is enhanced by about 17% for a single triangular prism and by some 85% for a triangular prism pair mounted on the channel wall. Effects of the clearance between the prisms on the heat transfer augmentation are presented. The heat transfer enhancement is due to the vortex formation or recirculation zone downstream of the prism elements. However, the presence of the prisms also leads to higher values of friction loss over the channel.     

Magnetic impact on heat and mass transfer utilizing nonofluid in an annulus between a superellipse obstacle and a cavity with periodic side-wall temperature and concentration

The magnetic impacts upon the transport of heat and mass of an electrically conducting nanofluid within an annulus among an inner rhombus with convex and outer cavity with periodic temperature/concentration profiles on its left wall are assessed by the ISPH method. The right wall has ${T}_{c}$ and ${C}_{c},$ flat walls are adiabatic, and the temperature and concentration of the left wall are altered sinusoidally with time. The features of the heat and mass transfer and fluid flow through an annulus are assessed across a wide scale of Hartmann number $Ha,$ Soret number $Sr,$ oscillation amplitude $A,$ Dufour number $Du,$ nanoparticles parameter $\phi ,$ oscillation frequency $f,$ Rayleigh number $Ra,$ and radius of a superellipse $a$ at Lewis number $Le=20,$ magnetic field's angle $\gamma =45^\circ ,$ Prandtl number ${\Pr }=6.2,$ a superellipse coefficient $n=3/2,$ and buoyancy parameter $N=1.$ The results reveal that the velocity's maximum reduces by $70.93 \% $ as $Ha$ boosts from 0 to 50, and by $66.24 \% $ as coefficient $a$ boosts from $0.1$ to $0.4.$ Whilst the velocity's maximum augments by $83.04 \% $ as $Sr$ increases from 0.6 to 2 plus a decrease in $Du$ from 1 to 0.03. The oscillation amplitude $A,$ and frequency $f$ are significantly affecting the nanofluid speed, and heat and mass transfer inside an annulus. Increasing the parameters $A$ and $f$ is augmenting the values of mean Nusselt number $\overline{Nu}$ and mean Sherwood number $\overline{Sh}.$ Increasing the radius of a superellipse $a$ enhances the values of $\overline{Nu}$ and $\overline{Sh}.$     

Dependence of the critical heat flux at boiling on the coolant physical properties

It has been experimentally proved that heat transfer at boiling appears to be the problem with the conjugated boundary conditions. Heat transfer and critical heat fluxes at boiling depend both on physical properties of the boiling liquid and on the number of characteristics of the heat transferring wall. Various experimental data of the problem of boiling liquid with various physical properties have been analysed. To eliminate or minimize influence of the properties of the cooled wall on the value of critical heat transfer, the data obtained at boiling on the thick cooled wall only from the stainless steel or nichrome are considered. To eliminate effect of capillary forces specific linear size of heat transferring wall satisfied the condition ≥ 2.0.     

Inverse problem of pulsed eddy current field of ferromagnetic plates

To determine the wall thickness, conductivity and permeability of a ferromagnetic plate, an inverse problem is established with measured values and calculated values of time-domain induced voltage in pulsed eddy current testing on the plate. From time-domain analytical expressions of the partial derivatives of induced voltage with respect to parameters,it is deduced that the partial derivatives are approximately linearly dependent. Then the constraints of these parameters are obtained by solving a partial linear differential equation. It is indicated that only the product of conductivity and wall thickness, and the product of relative permeability and wall thickness can be determined accurately through the inverse problem with time-domain induced voltage. In the practical testing, supposing the conductivity of the ferromagnetic plate under test is a fixed value, and then the relative variation of wall thickness between two testing points can be calculated via the ratio of the corresponding inversion results of the product of conductivity and wall thickness. Finally, this method for wall thickness measurement is verified by the experiment results of a carbon steel plate.     

微针肋内潜热型功能热流体换热特性研究

引入潜热型功能热流体替换现有传统工质冷却大功率激光器,实验研究了潜热型功能热流体与传统工质去离子水在高4 mm、宽2 mm、间距1 mm的微针肋内的层流流动换热特性。结果表明:在雷诺数Re为625~1125范围内,潜热型功能热流体均表现出比水更好的冷却性能及更低的壁面温度,且存在最佳的质量分数值;相同工况下,潜热型功能热流体平均努谢尔数Nu大于去离子水,平均努谢尔数Nu随着雷诺数Re的增加而增加。拟合了平均努谢尔数与流体雷诺数、普朗特数、质量分数的经验的关系式,最大偏差为16.9%,可以较好反映潜热型功能热流体的换热特性;潜热型功能热流体沿着流动长度的方向存在一个稳定的局部换热强化区,且强化换热存在最佳的长度。     

方形通道内非牛顿流体的强化传热

对非牛顿流体在小尺寸方形通道内的低雷诺数受迫对流传热进行了实验研究。实验用介质为１５００ｗｐｐｍＣａｒｂｏｐｏｌ－９３４中性水溶液。通道顶壁受到等热流加热。结果表明，流体粘弹性与传热的相互作用取决于雷诺数的大小。当表观雷诺数Ｒｅ＞１１．５时，非牛顿流体开始强化对流传热。Ｒｅ数越高，传热强化的程度越大。流体的阻力系数则几乎不受粘弹性的影响。     

Effect of disorder on two-dimensional wetting

For the problem of the 2D wetting transition near a 1D random wall, we show by a renormalization calculation that the effect of disorder is marginally relevant. It is therefore expected that the nature of the wetting transition and the location of the critical point are modified by any amount of disorder. This is supported by numerical simulations based on transfer matrix calculations. We investigate also the problem of wetting near a random wall on hierarchical lattices and find similar results.     

Numerical analysis for peristalsis of Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid in an asymmetric channel with slip and Joule heating effects

This study investigates the peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau–Yasuda nanofluid through an asymmetric channel. Viscous dissipation, Joule heating and Hall effects are also included in the analysis. Velocity, thermal and concentration slip conditions are considered. The problem is modeled subject to long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. Resulting nonlinear equations are numerically solved. Impact of embedded parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoparticles and heat and mass transfer rates at the wall are examined. Graphical results show that an escalation in the strength of appliedmagnetic field and increase in the value of Hall parameter reduce the velocity of nanofluid. Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects increase the temperature of the nanofluid. The present study shows an excellent agreement with the previously available studies in the limiting case.     

圆管层流脉冲流动对流换热数值分析

对等热流和等壁温边界条件下圆管内层流脉冲流动对流换热问题进行了数值模拟。在等热流边界条件下的数值计算结果与理论解吻合很好。计算结果表明:在等热流和等壁温边界下脉冲流动可引起速度、温度以及努塞尔数随时间波动,振幅越大,脉冲频率越小,波动越大。但它们的时均值均等于在相同雷诺数下稳态流动的值,脉冲流动不能强化换热。     

Coupled radiation and turbulent multiphase flow in an aluminised solid propellant rocket engine

We present in this paper numerical simulations of coupled radiative transfer and turbulent flows at high temperature and pressure, typical of multiphase flows encountered in aluminised solid propellant rocket engines. The radiating medium is constituted of gases and of liquid or solid particles of oxidised aluminum. The turbulent flow of the gaseous phase is treated by using a four equation, low Reynolds number, boundary-layer-type turbulence model. The distributions of concentrations, temperatures, and temperature fluctuation variances of particles are calculated from a Lagrangian approach and a turbulence dispersion model. Thermal and mechanical non-equilibrium between the gas and different classes of particles is allowed. A locally one dimensional, iteratively based, radiative transfer solver is developed to compute wall fluxes and radiative source terms. It is shown that the thermal boundary layer attenuates significantly the radiative fluxes coming from the outer regions. Particle radiation is found to be much more important than gas radiation. Turbulent dispersion of particles in the boundary layer induces a decrease of particle concentration in the region of maximum turbulent kinetic energy, and then, decreases the attenuation effect of wall fluxes due to the boundary layer. The effects of turbulent temperature fluctuations are found to be small in the problem under consideration.     

Thermodynamic method to two dimensional stagnation flow and heat transfer

The purpose of this paper is to develop a variational technique, using the variational principle of non-equilibrium thermodynamics for the solution of laminar stagnation point flow and heat transfer in two dimensions. The governing principle of dissipative processes is formulated for the problem and then using the boundary conditions of the system the elementary trial functions of third degree are assumed for the flow and temperature fields in the vicinity of the wall. The viscous and thermal boundary layer thicknesses, the skin friction and the rate of heat transfer from the wall to the fluid are obtained. It is found that these new approximate results are quite close to the exact known ones. These results are better than those of the Kármán-Pohlhausen technique.The authors are thankful to the referee for his valuable suggestions.     

First integrals and analytical solutions of the nonlinear fin problem with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient

Fin materials can be observed in a variety of engineering applications. They are used to ease the dissipation of heat from a heated wall to the surrounding environment. In this work, we consider a nonlinear fin problem with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. The equation(s) under study are highly nonlinear. Both the thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficient are given as arbitrary functions of temperature. Firstly, we consider the Lie group analysis for different cases of thermal conductivity and the heat transfer coefficients. These classifications are obtained from the Lie group analysis. Then, the first integrals of the nonlinear straight fin problem are constructed by three methods, namely, Noether’s classical method, partial Noether approach and Ibragimov’s nonlocal conservation method. Some exact analytical solutions are also constructed. The obtained result is also compared with the result obtained by other methods.     

Saturated flow boiling characteristics in single rectangular minichannels: effect of aspect ratio

In this study, saturated flow boiling characteristics of deionized water in single rectangular minichannels are investigated experimentally. A special attention is paid to the effect of aspect ratio (channel width to depth, W_ch/H_ch) on the heat transfer and total pressure drop. Experiments are conducted for various values of the mass flux and the wall heat flux. Flow visualization is used as a complementary technique for a deeper physical understanding of flow phenomena. The results show that the channel aspect ratio has a significant effect on both the local two-phase heat transfer coefficient and the total pressure drop. In general manner, the aspect ratio of 1 presents the highest heat transfer coefficients, while the aspect ratio of 0.25 demonstrates the lowest ones. On the other hand, the lowest values of the pressure drop are obtained at the extreme values of the aspect ratio (0.25 and 4).     

Effects of mass transfer on MHD second grade fluid towards stretching cylinder: A novel perspective of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of mass transfer on second grade fluid flow subjected to the heat transfer incorporated with the relaxation time to reach the state of equilibrium on or after the state of upheaval. A new heat model namely Cattaneo–Christov heat flux comprising the relaxation time is employed instead of very commonly used mundane model based on classical theory of heat flux. Flow is considered towards stretching cylinder in the existence of external magnetic field. Suitable transformations are first used to deduce the momentum, heat and concentration equations and are then solved analytically. The effects of physical quantities such as fluid parameter, magnetic field, Schmidt number, relaxation time, curvature parameter, Prandtl number and chemical reaction on momentum, temperature and concentration profile are examined graphically whereas for validation of results convergence analysis along with residual error are obtained numerically. A comparison of obtained results is also given with the existing literature as a limiting case of reported problem and are found an excellent agreement. The temperature profile indicates thinning effect for higher values of Prandtl number and relaxation time. It is also noted that the velocity increases with increasing values of fluid parameter whereas it declines for the case of magnetic field. This study can be used an application of central heating system and to measure the fast chemical reactions rates.