高危妊娠产妇及婴儿发锌含量变化的比较

以双硫腙四氯化碳萃取显色法,对９０例高危妊娠产妇及婴儿发锌进行测定,发现产妇锌与婴儿胎发锌呈高度正相关（ｒ＝０．７８７９～０．８９８６,Ｐ〈０．０１）,胎发锌高于母发锌,妊高症、ＩＵＧＲ产妇和婴儿以及双胎组婴儿的发锌显著低于正常组的产妇或婴儿（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０５）。提示发锌检测对优生优育和婴儿缺锌症的防治具有重要意义。     

龙津街婴儿辅食添加与微量元素含量的关系

为了解荔湾区龙津街婴儿辅食添加时间及结构对其体内微量元素含量有无影响，减少微量元素失衡对婴儿生长发育的影响，采用分层抽样方法对龙津街内进行“4－2－1”体检的398名3－12个月散居婴儿进行辅食添加情况了解，同时检测其头发中碘，锌，铁，钙，铜，锰的含量。用x^2求得两者关系P＜0．01，P＜0．05，表明辅食添加的时间正常与否，添加辅食结构是否合理对其头发中微量元素含量有密切关系。科学地进行辅食添加对平衡婴儿体内微量元素含量，促进其健康生长有重要意义。     

美提出婴儿米粉无机砷含量限制标准

正不久前,美国食品和药物管理局提议,应采取措施减少市场上销售的婴儿米粉无机砷的含量。米粉常被称为婴儿的第一口辅食,是婴儿可能摄入砷的一个来源。美药管局在一份声明中说,按体重单位进行比较,美国婴儿食用的稻米量,比成年人要多出3倍。全美饮食统计数据还显示,按体重单位计算,美国民众吃米最多的年龄,大约     

母乳喂婴好处多

目前,我国城市妇女就业率高,产妇都用母乳育婴当然有困难。然而,由于种种原因,一些妇女在分娩后即使有条件也不愿给婴儿哺乳。其实,母乳育婴有利于两代健康。因为人乳中的脂肪和乳糖易为婴儿消化吸收,婴儿患腹泻的少,并对疾病有较强的免疫力,身高和体重都优于吃牛乳的婴儿...     

直接进样质谱法在胸部肿瘤临床诊断中的应用

质谱（MS）技术已成为疾病基础研究和临床诊断的核心技术之一。传统的质谱分析技术如液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术等常需要对不同的临床样本进行多步骤的预处理,无法满足临床上大样本、高通量分析的实际需求。以肺癌、食管癌等为代表的胸部恶性肿瘤存在术前缺乏理想的早期诊断方案、术中等待病理评估切缘性质时间长以及术后缺乏评估复发风险的理想模型等现状,常导致临床中的治疗不足和过度治疗。直接进样质谱法具备高特异性和高敏感性,有效地提高了样本性质判断的准确性,在临床样本的分析中可最大限度地减少样品的分析时间,为临床工作及胸部肿瘤的研究提供了重要的指导。本文综述了直接进样质谱法在胸部肿瘤手术中的研究和应用进展,简述了直接进样质谱结合组学方法探索胸部肿瘤生物标志物预防术后复发的应用前景。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱法测定纸尿裤中12种有机溶剂

<正>婴儿纸尿裤是婴儿用一次性卫生产品,其主要成分为无纺布、卫生纸、绒毛浆、高分子吸水树脂、聚乙烯(PE)膜、橡皮筋、热熔胶等~([1])。在英国等发达国家,有90%以上的婴儿使用一次性纸尿布,而在中国,纸尿布的普及率较低。近年来,随着我国消费水平的提高以及育儿观念的转变,婴儿纸尿布市场一直保持高速增长的势头。庞大的人口基数和第四次生育高峰为婴儿纸尿布市场提供了巨大的增长空     

美提出婴儿米粉无机砷含量限制标准等

不久前，美国食品和药物管理局提议，应采取措施减少市场上销售的婴儿米粉无机砷的含量。米粉常被称为婴儿的第一口辅食，是婴儿可能摄入砷的一个来源。     

美国规定婴儿奶粉须含硒

正美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)修订关于婴儿配方奶粉营养规格及标签的规例,要求必须把硒加入所需营养清单,并订立婴儿配方奶粉最低及最高的硒含量。《美国食品、药品及化妆品法》规定婴儿配方奶粉必须含有29种指定营养,并为各种营养订立最低含量水平,也为其中9种营养订立最高含量水平。FDA最初为婴儿配方奶粉订立营养规格时,未有把硒列为必要营养。其后,硒被认定为一种必要营     

400例6个月婴儿发铅水平分析

报道了在惠东县妇幼保健院出生及进行儿童保健系统管理的 4 0 0名 6个月婴儿发铅含量的调查分析。结果显示 ,4 0 0名 6个月婴儿发铅含量为 ( 1 1 1 6± 2 81 )× 1 0 -6。其中≥ 1 0 5×1 0 -6者有 2 35人 ,占分析人数的 5 8 75 %。男女之间的发铅水平无显著差异。纯母乳和人工喂养的婴儿发铅水平有显著差异。同时高发铅者的体重与正常发铅者体重有显著差异。通过对 6个月婴儿发铅的检测 ,可早期发现高发铅的婴儿 ,及时采用干预措施 ,这对预防儿童铅中毒及保障儿童正常的生长发育是非常重要的。     

是“因”还是“果”?

先天性痴呆又叫先天愚型、白痴,是一种最常见的常染色体遗传病,患者智力低下,常呈伸舌样痴笑。这种患儿在新生中的发生率为15‰。统计表明,其发生率与婴儿母亲年龄有关;40岁以上孕妇新生婴儿,患儿出生率则上升到六十分之一,约为正常出生婴儿中患者的10倍。在细胞学上,除性...     

增城市母乳喂养影响因素分析

调查了增城市婴儿母亲对母乳喂养的感知和个人经历,并对当地母乳喂养状况和影响因素进行分析。自2003年12月至2004年2月对增城市妇幼保健院69位进行产后42d常规体检的婴儿家长,进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析。结果表明,喂过母乳的母亲有54人（78％）,纯母乳喂养只有3人（4％）。代乳品添加原因为自觉母乳不足51人（74％）,母亲认为初乳不能给婴儿吃8人（12％）等。过早引入淀粉类食物主要是受当地传统的喂养观念影响所致。提示地方习俗及对母乳分泌机制的错误认识是导致纯母乳喂养率低的主要原因。母乳喂养健康教育要充分了解地方习俗。教育对象除母乳本人还要包括其亲友。     

Development and validation of a solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one in carton packaged milk

A simple and efficient method for the determination of isopropyl-9H-thioxanten-9-one (ITX) in different fat content milk samples and baby milk samples stored in packaged cartons was developed and validated. Samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry operated in selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). Validation was carried out in terms of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision and trueness. LOD and LOQ values in the low microg/L were achieved, whereas linearity was established within 0.5-500 microg/L range. Good precision was obtained both in terms of intra-day repeatability and inter-day precision on two concentration levels (RSD% lower than 2%). Good percentage recoveries were obtained (92.0-102.0%) even in the presence of high amount of fat. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to analyse a number of commercial milk samples with different fat content and baby milk samples.     

Development of a quantitative method for determination of acrylamide in infant powdered milk and baby foods in jars using isotope dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

An improved method has been developed for the determination of acrylamide in infant powdered milk and baby foods in jars, a particular class of foodstuffs which represent an important source of nutrition for young infants and babies. This method uses isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization and is significantly more sensitive than previous published methods with a limit of quantification estimated at 1 microg kg(-1). The new method offers effective sample preparation procedures including defatting with petroleum ether, extraction with aqueous solution of sodium chloride, further liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with HLB 200 mg cartridges. The analytical method was well validated and good results were obtained with respect to repeatability (RSD < 5%) and recovery (86-97%) which fulfilled the requirements defined by European Union (EU) legislation. The acrylamide level in infant powdered milk and baby foods in jars were 3.01-9.06 microg kg(-1) and 6.80-124.93 microg kg(-1), respectively. Especially, this new method is successfully applied to the trace quantification of acrylamide in infant/baby foods, the content of which is less than 10 microg kg(-1).     

Direct analysis of isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A fast screening method is presented for detecting isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) contamination in milk. The method is based on direct high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) analysis of milk samples. Sample preparation is limited to the addition of a deuterated ITX solution in acetonitrile that serves both as internal standard and to precipitate proteins. The method is highly accurate and sensitive. Isomeric specific analyses of 2-ITX and 4-ITX are possible at 6 microg/L levels with about 5% precision and accuracy. This approach has been used to check contamination in samples like milk, soy milk, baby milk, in their packaging material. Out of 37 milk samples analyzed, 16 were positive with concentrations ranging from 173-439 microg/L for 2-ITX and from <6 (lower than limit of quantification) to 25 microg/L for 4-ITX.     

An assessment of various powdered baby formulas by conventional methods (DSC) or FT-IR spectroscopy

Milk components are assumed to be uniformly distributed in a concentrate whilst it is being dried. During milk powder production, these components are redistributed in the drying droplets and the powder surface composition is significantly different from that of the bulk of it. The objective of this article was to analyze and compare phase transitions of powdered baby formulas as well as to make a study of their FT-IR spectra. Food powders of different composition were tested by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, TA Instruments Q 200) with a normal pressure cell and a System 2000 spectrophotometer. Significant differences were observed in the shape of curves of the mixtures and the agglomerates. The observed phase transitions in powders depended on fat content. Characteristic peaks of melting lactose were observed in the curves of the powdered baby formulas. The IR spectra proved to be useful in determining adulteration of baby formulas. Both methods were complimentary during a thorough evaluation of these food powders.     

Isolation and identification of O- and N-linked glycoproteins in milk from different mammalian species and their roles in biological pathways which support infant growth

Milk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS-QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS-QTOF identified 42 O-glycosylated and 56 N-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O- and N-glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle-mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.     

Development and validation of a method for the quantification of milk proteins in food products based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection

The protection of allergic consumers is crucial to the food industry. Therefore, accurate methods for the detection of food allergens are required. Targeted detection of selected molecules by MS combines high selectivity with accurate quantification. A confirmatory method based on LC/selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS/MS was established and validated for the quantification of milk traces in food. Tryptic peptides of the major milk proteins beta-lactoglobulin, beta-casein, alphaS2-casein, and K-casein were selected as quantitative markers. Precise quantification was achieved using internal standard peptides containing isotopically labeled amino acids. For each peptide, qualifier and quantifier fragments were selected according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. A simple sample preparation method was established without immunoaffinity or SPE enrichment steps for food matrixes containing different amounts of protein, such as baby food, breakfast cereals, infant formula, and cereals. Intermediate reproducibility, repeatability, accuracy, and measurement uncertainty were determined for each matrix. LOD values of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg, e.g., for beta-lactoglobulin, were comparable to those obtained with ELISA kits. An LOQ of approximately 5 mg/kg, expressed as mass fraction skim milk powder, was validated in protein-rich infant cereals. The obtained validation data show that the described LC/SRM-MS/MS approach can serve as a confirmatory method for the determination of milk traces in selected food matrixes.     

乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质研制

通过饲喂牛的方式获得乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1阳性乳品,经冷冻干燥、混匀、包装、分装、辐照灭菌制备了乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质。6家实验室均采用液相色谱-同位素稀释质谱法对乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质进行联合定值。分别采用F检验和t检验对标准物质进行均匀性、稳定性检验,结果表明该标准物质均匀性与稳定性良好,均符合标准物质定值技术要求。对定值结果进行不确定度评定,乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1残留标准物质定值结果为(2.45±0.41)μg/kg,k=2。该标准物质可用于乳品中黄曲霉毒素M1的日常质量控制及定量检测。     

A new sample preparation method compatible with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence for improving detection of low levels of β-lactoglobulin in infant foods

β-Lactoglobulin (βLG) is the main allergenic protein in cow's milk and can cause allergy even when present at very low concentration. The aim of this work is to develop an innovative sample preparation method fully compatible with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection for improving the sensitivity when analyzing βLG. Different types of baby food were on purpose contaminated with diverse dairy desserts and submitted to thermal treatment to simulate potential contamination at production. Sample preparation prior to CE analysis was performed by the classical extraction method and by the innovative one, and the results were compared. Analysis was performed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The innovative method permitted to detect contaminations as low as 1 part of yoghurt in 10 000 parts of baby food.     

C and N stable isotope variation in urine and milk of cattle depending on the diet

The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of urine and milk samples from cattle under different feeding regimes were analysed over a period of six months. The isotope ratios were measured with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The δ ¹³C values of milk and urine were dependent on different feeding regimes based on C₃ or C₄ plants. The δ ¹³C values are more negative under grass feeding than under maize feeding. The δ ¹³C values of milk are more negative compared to urine and independent of the feeding regime. Under grass feeding the analysed milk and urine samples are enriched in ¹³C relative to the feed, whereas under maize feeding the ¹³C/¹²C ratio of urine is in the same range and milk is depleted in ¹³C relative to the diet. The difference between the ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios for the two feeding regimes is less pronounced than the ¹³C/¹²C ratios. The δ ¹⁵N values in urine require more time to reach the new equilibrium, whereas the milk samples show no significant differences between the two feeding regimes.