三吡啶胺Zn(II)配合物作为碳酸酐酶模拟物的研究

The protonation constant of TPA and, in its 1:2 (Zn(II):L) complex, the deprotonation constant of H2O coordinated to Zn(II) have been determined by pH titration at 25±0.1℃, I=0.1 mol•dm-3 KNO3. They are 4.29 and 7.8, respectively. It is worthy to be noted that the H2O bound to Zn(II) could deprotonate easily near physiology pH. A kinetic study of 4-nitrophenyl acetate(NA) hydrolysis by Zn(II)(TPA)2•H2O complex in 10%(v/v) CH3CN at 25±0.1℃, I=0.1 mol•dm-3 NaClO4, and pH range 6~9(20mmol•dm-3 Tris buffer)，has been carried out. The maximum value of second-order rate constant k((mol•dm-3)-1•s-1) obtained is 3.32×10-2. Thus, Our present model study shows that, like the Zn(II)-enzymes, the Zn(II)-bound OH- in complex can act as a good nucleophile agent to the carbonyl carbons, the Zn(II) complex of TPA is a good model for carbonic anhydrase.     

酚胺型配体Cu(Ⅱ)配合物催化酯水解动力学研究

在25±0.1℃,I=0.1 mol·dm^-3 KNO₃条件下,采用pH电位滴定法,测定了新型配体,N,N′-二-(2′-羟基)苄基-乙二胺(BEDA)和N,N′-二-(2′-羟基)苄基-二乙烯基三胺(BDTA)的质子化常数以及它们与Cu(Ⅱ)离子的配位平衡常数,并进一步求得了配合物Cu-BEDA和Cu-BDTA中酚羟基的离解常数pKa值。通过分光光度法,在25±0.1℃,I=0.1 mol·dm^-3 KNO₃,pH=7～9 (50 mmol·dm^-3缓冲溶液)条件下,得到了配体的Cu(Ⅱ)配合物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解的的催化速率常数k_NP［(mol·dm^-3)^-1·s^-1］,结果表明这类配合物可以用作金属水解酶的模拟物,由催化机理出发对实验结果进行了解释。     

三吡啶胺和四齿链酚胺配体与Cu(Ⅱ)配位性质及其配合物催化酯水解研究

运用 ｐＨ电位滴定法,在 ２５±０．１℃　Ｔ, Ｉ＝０．１（ＫＮＯ_３）条件下,研究了 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）与三吡啶胺（Ｌ’）和队（２’－羟基苄基）－二乙二胺（ＨＬ~２）的配位行为。结果表明,Ｌ’以二齿的形式和 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）形成稳定的 ２：１（Ｌ： Ｍ）配合物。其配位水分子的离解常数 ｐ Ｋａ为 ７．５４。对于 ＨＬ~２,三个氮原子和酚氧负离子与 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）配位,酚羟基离解常数 ｐ Ｋａ为４．４４。在２５±０．１℃,Ｉ＝０．１（ＫＮＯ_３）条件下,ｐＨ＝６～９（５０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ~（－１））范围内,用紫外、可见分光光度法研究了Ｌ~１的Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）配合物催化对－硝基苯酚乙酸酯（ＮＡ）水解动力学行为,发现配合物催化ＮＡ酯水解反应速率常数ｋ_（ＮＰ）与溶液 ｐＨ呈 Ｓｉｇｍｏｉｄａｌ型曲线, ｋ_（ＮＰ）最大值为 ２． ５３×１０~（－２）Ｌ· ｍｏｌ(－１)· ｓ(－１)。说明 Ｌ~１的 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）配合物中的 Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）－ＯＨ~－是有效的亲核试剂,对底物ＮＡ酯的水解有较好的催化作用。     

三吡啶胺和四齿链酚胺配体与Cu(II)配位性质及其配合物催化酯水解研究

运用pH电位滴定法,在25±0.1℃,I=0.1(KNO3)条件下,研究了Cu(II)与三吡啶胺(L1)和N-(2′-羟基苄基)-二乙三胺(HL2)的配位行为.结果表明,L1以二齿的形式和Cu(II)形成稳定的2:1(L:M)配合物.其配位水分子的离解常数pKa为7.54.对于HL2,三个氮原子和酚氧负离子与Cu(II)配位,酚羟基离解常数pKa为4.44.在25±0.1℃,I=0.1(KNO3)条件下,pH=6～9(50mol·L-1)范围内,用紫外-可见分光光度法研究了L1的Cu(II)配合物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解动力学行为,发现配合物催化NA酯水解反应速率常数kNP与溶液pH呈Sigmoidal型曲线,kNP最大值为2.53×10-2L·mol-1·s-1.说明L1的Cu(II)配合物中的Cu(II)-OH-是有效的亲核试剂,对底物NA酯的水解有较好的催化作用.     

大环三胺铜(Ⅱ)配合物催化羧酸酯水解动力学研究

合成了大环三胺配体-1,4,7-三氮杂环癸烷([10]aneN₃),并对文献方法进行了改进,简化了步骤,节省了溶剂。在25±0.1 ℃,离子强度I=0.10 mol·L^-1 (KNO₃)条件下,采用pH电位滴定法,测定了配体的质子化常数以及与Cu(Ⅱ)离子的配位平衡常数,讨论了配体与金属离子的配位情况。通过分光光度法,在pH值7～9范围内(2×10^-4 mol·L^-1 tris做为缓冲溶液),研究了配合物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解动力学行为,得到了NA酯的水解速率常数k_cat。结果表明催化水解速率对底物(NA)及配合物浓度均呈一级反应,水解反应遵循速率方程v=(k_catc_Cu²⁺+k_OH^-c_OH^-+…)c_NA;在中性和弱碱性条件下能很好的催化NA的水解,pH=9.19时,催化速率常数达到了4.405×10^-2 mol^-1·L·s^-1,优于国际上同类研究报道的结果;催化反应受酸碱平衡控制。结合滴定结果,提出了催化反应机理。     

二乙三胺锌(Ⅱ)配合物对水解酶的模拟研究

研究了二乙三胺 (Dien)锌 (Ⅱ )配合物作水解酶模拟物催化对硝基苯酚醋酸酯 (NA)水解的动力学。结果表明 :催化水解速率对底物 (NA)及配合物 (ZnDien)浓度均呈一级反应 ,水解反应遵循速率方程dC/dt=(kobs[Zn Dien]+KOH[OH-]+… ) [NA],催化反应受酸碱平衡控制 ,催化机理与天然酶一致 ,表明了该项研究设计的配体和锌酶中配位环境与天然酶相似的特点。     

氮氧杂链型配体合成与Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)配位性质研究

合成了4种氮氧杂链型配体N,N'-二-(2-羟乙基)-乙二胺(L¹)、N-(2-羟基苄基)-丙醇胺(HL²)、N-(2-羟乙基)-N'-(2-羟基苄基)-乙二胺(HL³)和N-(2-羟乙基)-二乙三胺-(L⁴),通过元素分析、IR和¹H NMR等手段表征了其结构,用pH电位滴定法在25℃、I=0.10(KNO₃)条件下,测定了L¹和HL²与Cu(Ⅱ)离子以及HL³和L⁴与Zn(Ⅱ)离子配位平衡常数.结果表明:L¹和HL²与Cu(Ⅱ)离子配位时,均可生成四配位配合物,其中第三配位点醇羟基配位较强,其质子离解常数pK_a1分别为7.28和7.32;第四配位点是第2个醇羟基或1个水分子配位,其pK_a2分别为9.33和9.04;HL³和L⁴与Zn(Ⅱ)均可生成五配位配合物,第四配位点均为醇羟基,其离解常数pK_a1分别为7.76和7.96,第五配位点均为H₂O,其pK_a2分别为9.47和9.57.从上述热力学结果可见,配合物在中性pH值范围能生成亲核试剂Cu(Ⅱ)…^-OR或Zn(Ⅱ)…^-OR,而且均具备双重催化酯类底物水解的条件.     

带有苯酚侧臂的四氮大环Zn(Ⅱ)配合物催化羧酸酯水解研究

合成并表征了在大环侧臂引入取代苯酚作为功能基团的新型四氮大环配体(L₁,L₂和L₃).对配体L₃的质子化过程及其与Zn(Ⅱ)的配位过程的研究表明,配体中的酚羟基与四氮大环环中的质子之间存在较强的氢键.测得配体及配合物中酚羟基的pK_a分别为8.3和8.5.考察了上述3个配体的Zn(Ⅱ)配合物作为水解锌酶的模拟物催化对硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解的动力学行为,测得它们催化NA水解的二级反应速率常数k_c/［(mol/L^-1·s^-1］分别为3.48×10^-2、1.52×10^-2和2.85×10^-2.     

链酚胺型配体锌(Ⅱ)配合物模拟碳酸酐酶研究

合成了酚胺型链状配体,N,N'-二(2-羟基苄基)丙二胺(H~2L)及其Zn(Ⅱ)配合物(ZnL),通过元素分析、IR和^1HNRM等手段进行了表征。采用pH电位滴定法,在25℃±0.1℃,I=0.1mol·dm^-^3(KNO~3)条件下,测定了配体的质子化常数以及配体与金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)配位反应平衡常数。讨论了配体与金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)的配位情况,得到了配位酚羟基的解离常数。运用分光光度法,在25℃±0.1℃,I=0.1mol·dm^-^3(KNO~3)条件下,在pH=5.5～9.0(50mmol·dm^-^3缓冲溶液)范围内,研究了配合物作为碳酸酐酶模拟物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解动力学,得到了NA酯水解的配合物催化速率常数k~N~P。实验结果表明,ZnHL^+的配位酚羟基的解离常数pK~a为6.83;催化速率常数k~N~P与pH之间不存在Sigmoidal型曲线关系,而是在pH值中性附近有最大值,ZnHL^+对NA酯水解有很好的催化效果,并且采取双重催化机理,是碳酸酐酶很好的模拟物。     

链酚胺型配体锌(Ⅱ)配合物模拟碳酸酐酶研究

合成了酚胺型链状配体,N,N'-二(2-羟基苄基)丙二胺(H~2L)及其Zn(Ⅱ)配合物(ZnL),通过元素分析、IR和^1HNRM等手段进行了表征。采用pH电位滴定法,在25℃±0.1℃,I=0.1mol·dm^-^3(KNO~3)条件下,测定了配体的质子化常数以及配体与金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)配位反应平衡常数。讨论了配体与金属离子Zn(Ⅱ)的配位情况,得到了配位酚羟基的解离常数。运用分光光度法,在25℃±0.1℃,I=0.1mol·dm^-^3(KNO~3)条件下,在pH=5.5～9.0(50mmol·dm^-^3缓冲溶液)范围内,研究了配合物作为碳酸酐酶模拟物催化对-硝基苯酚乙酸酯(NA)水解动力学,得到了NA酯水解的配合物催化速率常数k~N~P。实验结果表明,ZnHL^+的配位酚羟基的解离常数pK~a为6.83;催化速率常数k~N~P与pH之间不存在Sigmoidal型曲线关系,而是在pH值中性附近有最大值,ZnHL^+对NA酯水解有很好的催化效果,并且采取双重催化机理,是碳酸酐酶很好的模拟物。     

Coordination Dynamics of Zinc Triggers the Rate Determining Proton Transfer in Human Carbonic Anhydrase II

We present, for the first time, how transient changes in the coordination number of zinc ion affects the rate determining step in the enzyme human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) II. The latter involves an intramolecular proton transfer between a zinc-bound water and a distant histidine residue (His-64). In the absence of time-resolved experiments, results from classical and QM-MM molecular dynamics and transition path sampling simulations are presented. The catalytic zinc ion is found to be present in two possible coordination states; viz. a stable tetra-coordinated state, T and a less stable penta-coordinated state, P with tetrahedral and trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometries, respectively. A fast dynamical inter-conversion occurs between T and P due to reorganization of active site water molecules making the zinc ion more positively charged in state P. When initiated from different coordination environments, the most probable mechanism of proton transfer is found to be deprotonation of the equatorial water molecule from state P and transfer of the excess proton via a short path formed by hydrogen bonded network of active site water molecules. We estimate the rate constant of proton transfer as from P and from T. A quantitative match of estimated k_P with the experimental value, ( ) suggests that dynamics of Zn coordination triggers the rate determining proton transfer step in HCA II.     

Rapid Method for Differentiation of Carbonic Anhydrase I from Carbonic Anhydrase II Activity

ABSTRACT

A simple method for differentiation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) I, from CA II, is described based on using the nicotinates as specific CA I inhibitors. Nicotinates inhibit the activity of CA I activity; at a concentration of 5x10^?1M 100% inhibition is complete. But no effect on CA II activity is observed. In vivo administration of xanthinol nicotinate in doses of 20 mg/kg b.w. completely inhibited erythrocyte CA I activity. Association in ex vivo of methyl-nicotinate at a concentration of 5x10^?1M did not further modify erythocyte CA activity that had already been reduced by i.v. administration of xanthinol nicotinate. The nicotinate class could be used as a test for an accurate differentiation of CA I from CA II activity in vitro, in vivo and in ex vivo; by subtraction of I from total CA activity, one could also find the erythrocyte CA II activity. The ex vivo assays, using the test with nicotinates we call Nicosilvanil, would easily allow monitoring of CA I and II activity changes under physiological, pathological and experimental conditions, in response to various endogenous or therapeutical stimuli with either activating or inhibitory effects. Considering convenience, simplicity, and cost effectiveness of the reagents for the Nicosilvanil Test, this assay has the potential of being useful in routine analysis and differentiation of CA I from CA II activity in erythrocyte samples, as well as in other tissues and organs.     

采用SFAD将碳酸酐酶偶联至无活性官能团聚合物表面的新方法

摘 要 采用异双官能团光偶联剂－Sulfosuccinimidyl (perfluoroazidobenzamido) ethyl-1,3-dithio propionate,SFAD),将碳酸酐酶（Carbonic anhydrase,CA)接枝在无活性官能团聚合物－聚甲基戊烯（Polymethyl-pentene,PMP)膜式氧合器表面,以对硝基苯酚乙酸酯(p-nitrophenyl acetate,p-NPA)为底物,采用紫外分光光度计测定了接枝CA的活性、浓度、重复利用性、储存稳定性。结果表明,采用SFAD为交联剂能将酶成功地偶联在无活性官能团聚合物表面,在保持酶活性的同时获得较高的接枝效率;共价接枝CA（Covalently immobilized CA,CACI）的浓度随SFAD浓度的增加而增加,最大可达理论单分子层接枝量的85.86％;CACI比物理吸附的CA（Physically adsorbed CA,CAPA）具更好的重复利用性;37°C下, CACI 比CA溶液表现出更好的储存稳定性。     

苯磺酰胺从碳酸酐酶II中脱离过程的分子动力学模拟

综合运用分子动力学模拟和自由能计算方法研究了苯磺酰胺分子从碳酸酐酶II (CA II)的活性位点脱离过程中底物与酶之间的动态相互作用. 脱离过程的平均力势(PMF)显示, 底物脱离时存在一个特殊的结合状态. 其中, 静电相互作用占据了主导地位. 轨迹分析显示, 除了金属离子的配位作用之外, 底物脱离路径上的关键残基Leu198、Thr199和Thr200通过与底物磺胺基的氢键作用阻碍了底物从酶中的脱离. 当前的研究对于深入认识磺胺类药物与CA II的详细结合过程和相关的药物改良与设计具有重要的指导意义.     

Orbital Symmetry in QSAR: Some Schiff's Base Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase

Abstract

In a reexamination of some data on the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I and II by some phenyl and pyridyl substituted sulfanilamide Schif's bases we have found that activity can better be explained by considering the directions of the nodes in π-like near frontier orbitals in the molecules. The near-frontier orbitals involved are those that are analogous to the degenerate pairs of HOMO and LUMO orbitals of benzene. This effect seems common in compounds which contain variously substituted benzene rings and is probably critical to understanding the activity of any aromatic molecule which is bound to its receptor by π–π charge transfer interactions.     

Investigation on Hydrazonobenzenesulfonamides as Human Carbonic Anhydrase I,II, IX and XII Inhibitors

A small series of hydrazonobenzenesulfonamides was designed, synthesized and studied for their human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitory activity. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against hCA I, II, IX and XII isoforms using acetazolamide (AAZ) as the standard inhibitor. Various hydrazonosulfonamide derivatives showed inhibitory activity at low nanomolar levels with selectivity against the cytosolic hCA II isoform, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes hCA IX and XII. The most potent and selective hydrazones 8, 9, 10, 11, 19 and 24 were docked into isoforms I, II, IX and XII to better understand their activity and selectivity for the different CA isoforms.     

聚甲基戊烯膜式氧合器表面碳酸酐酶的固定化及性能研究

聚甲基戊烯(PMP)膜式氧合器表面先用水等离子体改性,以引入羟基官能团;再以溴化氰为偶联剂,将碳酸酐酶(CA)偶联至其表面.改性后用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、表面接触角及酶活性测定等方法研究PMP表面性能变化.结果表明,等离子体处理后,在PMP表面引入了大量的含氧官能团,与水的表面接触角从103.37°降低至50.01°.再将CA引入PMP表面后,与水的表面接触角进一步降低至39.23°;XPS的C1谱图中出现蛋白质的特征峰;以对硝基苯酚乙酸酯为底物,测得表面接枝CA的活性达到理论单分子层接枝活性的73%.改性后PMP表面物理化学性质的变化证明本文方法确实能成功地将羟基官能团、CA引入其表面.本方法有望应用在膜式氧合器上以提高其清除血液中CO2的能力.     

静电纺丝制备中空纤维原位固定化碳酸酐酶用于二氧化碳的吸收

考察了游离碳酸酐酶吸收CO₂水合体系反应条件, 并通过同轴共纺静电纺丝技术制备出中空结构纤维, 实现了碳酸酐酶在中空纤维中的原位包埋, 提高了酶的稳定性并便于回收和重复利用. 实验结果表明, 固定化碳酸酐酶的热稳定性显著增强, 受Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺等金属离子的抑制作用大幅度降低. 连续使用11次后所生成的CaCO₃沉淀量仍能达到首次使用的81.9%. 固定化酶体系生成的CaCO₃沉淀包括方解石型和球文石型2种晶形, 而无酶和加入游离碳酸酐酶的反应体系则主要生成方解石型CaCO₃沉淀.