ALFRED LOTTERMOSER -A Pioneer in the Application of Colloid Chemistry

These words by one of Lottermoser's collaborators are of a kind usually reserved for the truly great scientists. Alfred Lottermoser's scientific contributions and his leadership in developing the Institute for Colloid Chemistry at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany, without significant state support and during a time, 1922, when runaway inflation made such support worthless, are each sufficient for his name to remain important in the history of colloid chemistry. Together, they guarantee a place among the true greats.     

Palladium in Cephalosporin Chemistry: Mild Triflate Couplings in the Absence of Phosphines and Halide Donors

Palladium catalyzed triflate-organostannane couplings are shown to proceed in a very mild manner in the absence of added phosphine and halide reagents. This protocol has been demonstrated for 3-trifloxycephems and vinyl triflates.     

Clinical Chemistry: Challenges for Analytical Chemistry and the Nanosciences from Medicine

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine can look back over more than 150 years of eventful history. The subject encompasses all the medicinal disciplines as well as the remaining natural sciences. Clinical chemistry demonstrates how new insights from basic research in biochemical, biological, analytical chemical, engineering, and information technology can be transferred into the daily routine of medicine to improve diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prevention. This Review begins with a presentation of the development of clinical chemistry. Individual steps between the drawing of blood and interpretation of laboratory data are then illustrated; here not only are pitfalls described, but so are quality control systems. The introduction of new methods and trends into medicinal analysis is explored, along with opportunities and problems associated with personalized medicine.     

用荧光猝灭和荧光加强两种理论研究头孢类药物与白蛋白的作用

应用荧光加强和荧光猝灭两种理论公式，对七种头孢类抗菌药物与人血清和牛血清白蛋白的作用作进行了对比研究，对药物与白蛋白的结合特点和通常的表征量：解离常数、猝灭常数、猝灭效率、能量转移效率、给体-受体作用距离等，进行了深入地分析。     

Rapid,Quantitative, and Ultrasensitive Point‐of‐Care Testing: A Portable SERS Reader for Lateral Flow Assays in Clinical Chemistry

The design of a portable Raman/SERS‐LFA reader with line illumination using a custom‐made fiber optic probe for rapid, quantitative, and ultrasensitive point‐of‐care testing (POCT) is presented. The pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is detectable in clinical samples within only 2–5 s down to approximately 1.6 mIU mL^?1. This acquisition time is several orders of magnitude shorter than those of existing approaches requiring expensive Raman instrumentation, and the method is 15‐times more sensitive than a commercially available lateral flow assay (LFA) as the gold standard. The SERS‐LFA technology paves the way for affordable, quantitative, and ultrasensitive POCT with multiplexing potential in real‐world applications, ranging from clinical chemistry to food and environmental analysis as well as drug and biowarfare agent testing.     

Interference with ammonium determination by the indophenol-type reaction of salicylate and dichloroisocyanurate

Two widely accepted indophenol-type reactions with ammonium, which use phenol/hypochlorite and salicylate/dichloroisocyanurate as reagents, were compared for possible interferences with other naturally occurring nitrogen-containing compounds. Unlike the first method, the second showed strong interference from all amino acids and peptides tested. As much as 57 mole % of threonine and 49 mole % of serine were degraded to ammonium. Pyrimidines, purines, nucleosides and urea were negative in both reactions. The wide distribution and importance of free and combined amino acids in naturally occurring waters favours the application of the classical phenol/ hypochlorite reaction with ammonium rather than the modified salicylate/dichloroisocyanurate reaction.     

Interference with ammonium determination by the indophenol-type reaction of salicylate and dichloroisocyanurate

Two widely accepted indophenol-type reactions with ammonium, which use phenol/hypochlorite and salicylate/dichloroisocyanurate as reagents, were compared for possible interferences with other naturally occurring nitrogen-containing compounds. Unlike the first method, the second showed strong interference from all amino acids and peptides tested. As much as 57 mole % of threonine and 49 mole % of serine were degraded to ammonium. Pyrimidines, purines, nucleosides and urea were negative in both reactions. The wide distribution and importance of free and combined amino acids in naturally occurring waters favours the application of the classical phenol/ hypochlorite reaction with ammonium rather than the modified salicylate/dichloroisocyanurate reaction. Received: 20 April 1998 / Revised: 28 May 1998 / Accepted: 5 Juni 1998     

空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收测定铬时与浓度有关的化学干扰的研究——Ⅰ、铁、钴对铬的干扰

本文较详细地研究了在Fe、Co基体中测定铬时出现的与浓度有关的化学干扰,铬的价态对干扰的影响,并讨论了干扰的机理及克服干扰的办法。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水样中4种头孢菌素的含量

基于中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱(HF-LPME/HPLC),建立了水样中痕量头孢唑林(CZO)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢他定(CAZ)和头孢西丁(FOX) 4种头孢菌素残留的检测方法。优化得到最佳萃取条件:萃取溶剂为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Omin]PF_6),辅助萃取溶剂为10%三正辛基氧膦(TOPO),样品溶液pH值为2.5,萃取时间为20 min,萃取温度为30℃,搅拌速率为600 r/min。以Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)为色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 4.0)-乙腈(9∶1,体积比)为流动相,4种头孢菌素可在7 min内完全分离。结果表明4种头孢菌素的线性关系良好,富集倍数为45～78倍,检出限为0.2～0.7 ng/mL,回收率为83.2%～102%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.8%。该方法简单高效,检测成本低,溶剂用量少,绿色环保,灵敏度高,对水样中痕量头孢菌素残留的富集能力强。     

超声辅助提取-固相萃取土壤中头孢菌素C的高效液相色谱法定量检测

建立了一种采用超声辅助提取(UAE)、强阴离子交换固相萃取(SAX-SPE)净化、高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定土壤中残留头孢菌素C(CPC)简单、快速方法。 样品以超纯水为提取剂,超声辅助提取,SPE柱子以3 mL甲醇和3 mL水活化,采用5 mL的10%甲醇水溶液作为淋洗液,2 mL的5%甲酸水溶液/甲醇溶液(体积比50：50)进行洗脱,高效液相色谱紫外检测器(HPLC-PDA)测定,检测波长λ=254 nm,柱温30 ℃ ,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液/甲醇溶液(体积比95：5)对土壤中不同加标浓度的CPC进行检测,方法的回收率在77.9%~98.9%,标准偏差范围为5.0%~6.3%(n=5),方法检出限(LOD)为340.4 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1126.8 μg/kg。 同时采用此方法检测分析新疆某药厂附近阳性土壤样品,不同批次土壤样品结果分别为:检出(低于定量限)、1532.1 μg/kg。     

以举办化学实验竞赛为契机,推动化学实验教学发展

第10届大学生化学实验竞赛在北京化工大学成功举行,大学生化学实验竞赛能检验学生掌握化学实验技能和操作水平的情况,促进学生更好地了解和掌握实验仪器,锻炼学生的动手能力和创新意识,培养学生严谨科学的态度。通过"北京市大学生化学实验竞赛"这个平台,高校之间更好地交流了化学实验教学的经验,并以此为契机促进化学实验教学的改革,提高化学实验教学水平。     

以临床案例为导向的检验班分析化学教学实践

The clinical case-guided teaching, to combine analytical chemistry contents with medical practice, could excite students' interest in learning, deepen concept understanding and improve the abilities of analysis, induction and synthesis, and then of applying professional knowledge to solve medical practical problems. Meanwhile, it helps students enhance their sense of responsibility, accept the idea of dialectics and the concept of self-access learning, and gradually develop the habit of lifelong learning.     

Interference by complex structures of target DNA with specific PCR amplification

It has been considered that target DNA is a forgiving component for PCR amplification. Herein we present evidence to demonstrate that secondary structure located at the end of a template may interfere with the specificity of amplification. Experiments indicate that nonspecific amplification results from a long stretch of stem and loop structures at the 3′ end of prochymosin cDNA. Based on the sequence of mRNA coding for prochymosin, it is argued that the sequence responsible for the formation of the complex structure described here is most likely generated during synthesis of the second cDNA strand.     

Investigation of the Molecular Recognition of Amino Acids by Cyclopeptides with Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy

IR spectroscopic mapping of resin beads allows destruction-free characterization of polymer-bound combinatorial compound libraries. By choice of different absorptions for IR reconstruction, resin beads with common structural elements can be “fished out” of a library and statistically investigated.     

利用前沿研究提高物理化学的教学效果

物理化学课程中抽象的概念、大量的公式以及结论的经典性容易给学生造成授课内容远离前沿研究的错觉。可以在授课过程中将前沿研究与课程内容相结合来改革物理化学教学。主要的实例包括：（1）利用△G判据分析利用水分解反应制取氢气的热力学要求;（2）利用离子互吸理论和双电层理论解释纳米孔的离子选择性;（3）基于化学势和电化学势的概念来推导浓差电池的电动势。通过揭示物理化学基本原理对上述前沿研究的指导作用来拓宽学生的视野,培养学生的学习兴趣,从而改善了课程的教学效果。     

Interference by acids in the determination of molybdenum by atomic absorption spectrometry

The nature of the acid environment in the determination of molybdenum by atomic absorption spectrometry is shown to be of considerable importance. The most favourable conditions are provided by dilute hydrochloric acid and especially nitric acid. Sulphuric and phosphoric acids are not recommended because of their marked but opposite effects. The air-acetylene flame gives more reproducible results than the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame.     

发挥现代教学媒体优势,追求教学的最优化——多媒体教学的实践与体会

结合分析化学多媒体教学实践对现代教学媒体运用的特点 ,以及教师、学生、媒体相互作用在教学优化过程中的作用进行了探讨