A Note on the Closed-Form Determination of Zeros and Poles of Generalized Analytic Functions

The generalized method of Burniston and Siewert for the derivation of closed-form formulae for the zeros (and/or poles) of analytic functions inside a closed contour in the complex plane is further extended to the case of generalized analytic functions with real and imaginary parts satisfying homogeneous generalized Cauchy-Riemann equations. Two special cases and one generalization of this approach are also considered in brief.     

Polynomials associated with a functional product of the Hermite type

We have found the motivation for this paper in the research of a quantized closed Friedmann cosmological model. There, the second‐order linear ordinary differential equation emerges as a wave equation for the physical state functions. Studying the polynomial solutions of this equation, we define a new functional product in the space of real polynomials. This product includes the indexed weight functions which depend on the degrees of participating polynomials. Although it does not have all of the properties of an inner product, a unique sequence of polynomials can be associated with it by an additional condition. In the special case presented here, we consider the Hermite‐type weight functions and prove that the associated polynomial sequence can be expressed in the closed form via the Hermite polynomials. Also, we find their Rodrigues‐type formula and a four‐term recurrence relation. In contrast to the zeros of Hermite polynomials, which are symmetrically located with respect to the origin, the zeros of the new polynomial sequence are all positive. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Extension of the Ahiezer–Kac Determinant Formula to the Case of Real-Valued Symbols with Two Real Zeros

The Fredholm determinant asymptotics for self-adjoint convolution operators on finite intervals with real symbols vanishing on the real axis is studied. Explicit formulae are obtained in the case where the symbol satisfies the generalized zero index condition and has only two simple zeros of analytic type. These formulae are direct extensions of the Ahiezer–Kac–Szegö limit theorem which, in particular, take into account the oscillating character of the asymptotics.     

A simple quadrature-type method for the computation of real zeros of analytic functions in finite intervals

A new direct approximate method for the computation of zeros of analytic functions is proposed. For such a function possessing one real zero in a finite part of the real axis, this method permits the determination of this zero with a satisfactory accuracy by using a quite elementary algorithm. The present method is based on the Gauss- and Lobatto-Chebyshev quadrature rules for Cauchy type principal value integrals and is always convergent. The simplicity, accuracy and unrestricted convergence of the proposed method make it competitive to the analogous classical elementary methods. Numerical results are also presented.     

A comparison theorem and an inequality of redhefferf†

For equations of the form w″+B(e^z)w = 0, where B(ζ) is a rational function which is analytic on 0<|ζ|∞, we determine the regions where the bulk of the zeros of a solution must be located. In the special case of the general Mathieu equation, these results complement earlier results of E. Hille (1924) who considered the special case of real Mathieu equations     

Proof of the Hyperplane Zeros Conjecture of Lagarias and Wang

We prove that a real analytic subset of a torus group that is contained in its image under an expanding endomorphism is a finite union of translates of closed subgroups. This confirms the hyperplane zeros conjecture of Lagarias and Wang for real analytic varieties. Our proof uses real analytic geometry, topological dynamics, and Fourier analysis.      

Weierstrass formula and zero-finding methods

Summary. Classical Weierstrass' formula [29] has been often the subject of investigation of many authors. In this paper we give some further applications of this formula for finding the zeros of polynomials and analytic functions. We are concerned with the problems of localization of polynomial zeros and the construction of iterative methods for the simultaneous approximation and inclusion of these zeros. Conditions for the safe convergence of Weierstrass' method, depending only on initial approximations, are given. In particular, we study polynomials with interval coefficients. Using an interval version of Weierstrass' method enclosures in the form of disks for the complex-valued set containing all zeros of a polynomial with varying coefficients are obtained. We also present Weierstrass-like algorithm for approximating, simultaneously, all zeros of a class of analytic functions in a given closed region. To demonstrate the proposed algorithms, three numerical examples are included. Received September 13, 1993     

Ahiezer-Kac type Fredholm determinant asymptotics for convolution operators with rational symbols

Fredholm determinant asymptotics of convolution operators on large finite intervals with rational symbols having real zeros are studied. The explicit asymptotic formulae obtained can be considered as a direct extension of the Ahiezer-Kac formula to symbols with real zeros.

     

Quantized Riemann surfaces and semiclassical spectral series for a non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator with periodic coefficients

We consider a non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator describing the motion of a particle in a one-dimensional space with an analytic potential iV (x) that is periodic with a real period T and is purely imaginary on the real axis. We study the spectrum of this operator in the semiclassical limit and show that the points of its spectrum asymptotically belong to the so-called spectral graph. We construct the spectral graph and evaluate the asymptotic form of the spectrum. A Riemann surface of the particle energy-conservation equation can be constructed in the phase space. We show that both the spectral graph and the asymptotic form of the spectrum can be evaluated in terms of integrals of the pdx form (where x ∈31 ?/T? and p ∈, ? are the particle coordinate and momentum) taken along basis cycles on this Riemann surface. We use the technique of Stokes lines to construct the asymptotic form of the spectrum.     

First integrals of local analytic differential systems

We investigate formal and analytic first integrals of local analytic ordinary differential equations near a stationary point. A natural approach is via the Poincaré–Dulac normal forms: If there exists a formal first integral for a system in normal form then it is also a first integral for the semisimple part of the linearization, which may be seen as “conserved” by the normal form. We discuss the maximal setting in which all such first integrals are conserved, and show that all first integrals are conserved for certain classes of reversible systems. Moreover we investigate the case of linearization with zero eigenvalues, and we consider a three-dimensional generalization of the quadratic Dulac–Frommer center problem.     

On the Schrödinger Equation with Potentials which are Laplace Transforms of Measures

We construct a pointwise solution for the time dependent Schrödinger equation on R^d with potentials and initial conditions which can grow exponentially at infinity and belong to the class of smooth Laplace transforms of complex measures on R^d. The methods used are both analytic and probabilistic and the result can be looked upon as an extension of rigorously defined Feynman path integrals to the case of potentials which can strongly grow at infinity. An appendix with the calculation of some Wiener integrals is also presented.     

Gaussian quadrature formulae on the unit circle

Let μ be a probability measure on [0,2π]. In this paper we shall be concerned with the estimation of integrals of the form

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For this purpose we will construct quadrature formulae which are exact in a certain linear subspace of Laurent polynomials. The zeros of Szegö polynomials are chosen as nodes of the corresponding quadratures. We will study this quadrature formula in terms of error expressions and convergence, as well as, its relation with certain two-point Padé approximants for the Herglotz–Riesz transform of μ. Furthermore, a comparison with the so-called Szegö quadrature formulae is presented through some illustrative numerical examples.     

Equimodular curves

This paper is motivated by a problem that arises in the study of partition functions of Potts models, including as a special case chromatic polynomials. When the underlying graphs have the form of ‘bracelets’, the chromatic polynomials can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of a matrix. In this situation a theorem of Beraha, Kahane and Weiss asserts that the zeros of the polynomials approach the curves on which the matrix has two eigenvalues with equal modulus. It is shown here that (in general) these ‘equimodular’ curves comprise a number of segments, the end-points of which are the roots (possibly coincident) of a polynomial equation. The equation represents the vanishing of a discriminant, and the segments are in bijective correspondence with the double roots of another polynomial equation, which is significantly simpler than the discriminant equation. Singularities of the segments can occur, corresponding to the vanishing of a Jacobian. In addition, it is proved by algebraic means that the equimodular curves for a reducible matrix are closed curves. The question of dominance is investigated, and a method of constructing the dominant equimodular curves for a reducible matrix is suggested. These results are illustrated by explicit calculations in a specific case.     

非Fuchs型方程的新理论——树级数解的表现定理(Ⅰ)

在微分方程的解析理论中非Fuchs型方程的严格显式解至今并未求得(Poincaré问题),本文提出的新理论首次给出非正则积分的一般求法和显式的精确解. 本法与经典理论的根本不同在于摈弃形式解的假定,从方程本身建立对应关系,应用留数定理自动给出非正则积分的解析结构.它由无收缩部和全、半收缩部组成.前者是通常的递推级数,后者则表为树级数.树级数是类新颖的解析函数,通常的递推级数只是它的特例而已. 本文的目的是建立非正则积分的一般理论,为此需要阐明Poincaré问题(1880T.I.P.333)的实质[1]:无法求出非正则积分的显式.根据以下证明的表现定理, 非正则积分是类新颖的解析函数,其中系数D_nk是方程参数的常项树级数.     

A Framework for an ICT-Based Study of Parametric Integrals

We describe working session for the study of 1-parameter families of definite integrals in a technology-rich environment. The joint usage of paper-and-pencil work together with a Computer Algebra System and eventually a web based database may lead to closed forms for the integrals, to the derivation of combinatorial identities, and other kinds of output. This joint usage applied to parametric integrals lead to mathematical expressions rather than graphic representation. This permits a new learning process in the teaching of mathematics, physics and engineering. We begin with a short survey of classical cases, using telescopic methods. Then we show a new example where the integrals depend not only on an integer parameter, but also on a real variable. In this last case, the study of the parametric integral involves the study of a recurrence differential equation.     

Real-valued Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings

In this paper a new kind of real-valued Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings is introduced, and some elementary properties of this kind of Choquet integrals are studied. Convergence theorems of a sequence of Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings are shown. However, in the case of the monotone convergence theorem of the nonincreasing sequence of Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings, we point out that the integrands must be closed. Specially, this kind of real-valued Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings can be regarded as the Choquet integrals for single-valued functions.     

Enclosure of the Zero Set of Multivariate Exponential Interval Polynomials

The zero set of one general multivariate exponential polynomial with interval coefficients is enclosed by unions and intersections of closed half-spaces. Tighter enclosures are derived in the bivariate case. Common zeros of polynomial systems can be located by an appropriate intersection of these enclosure sets in an appropriate space. The resulting domains are directly brought into polynomial equation solvers.     

The problem of a viscoelastic cylinder rolling on a rigid half-space

The problem of a viscoelastic cylinder rolling on a rigid base, propelled by a line force acting at its centre, is solved in the noninertial approximation. The method used is based on a decomposition of hereditary integrals developed by the authors in previous work, and on the viscoelastic Kolosov-Muskhelishvili equations which are used to generate a Hilbert problem. In this formulation, the problem reduces to a nonsingular integral equation in space and time, which simplifies under steady-state conditions and for exponential decay materials, to algebraic form. There are also two subsidiary conditions.In the case of a standard linear model, explicit analytic results and numerical examples are given for the pressure function, for surface displacements, and also for hysteretic friction.     

A solution for antiplane‐strain local problems using elliptic integrals of Cauchy type

Quasi‐periodic piecewise analytic solutions, without poles, are found for the local antiplane‐strain problems. Such problems arise from applying the asymptotic homogenization method to an elastic problem in a parallel fiber‐reinforced periodic composite that presents an imperfect contact of spring type between the fiber and the matrix. Our methodology consists of rewriting the contact conditions in a complex appropriate form that allow us to use the elliptic integrals of Cauchy type. Several general conditions are assumed including that the fibers are disposed of arbitrary manner in the unit cell, that all fibers present imperfect contact with different constants of imperfection, and that their cross section is smooth closed arbitrary curves. Finally, we obtain a family of piecewise analytic solutions for the local antiplane‐strain problems that depend of a real parameter. When we vary this parameter, it is possible to improve classic bounds for the effective coefficients. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamical systems with multivalued integrals on a torus

Properties of the solutions to differential equations on the torus with a complete set of multivalued first integrals are considered, including the existence of an invariant measure, the averaging principle, and the infiniteness of the number of zeros for integrals of zero-mean functions along trajectories. The behavior of systems with closed trajectories of large period is studied. It is shown that a generic system acquires a limit mixing property as the periods tend to infinity.