组织系统中领导绩效因素动态分析

组织系统的领导绩效主要取决于行为绩效、成本绩效和组织绩效.在行为绩效保持平稳的状态下,结合投入成本和组织绩效的变化情况,构建连续时间的领导绩效动态模型,以最优领导绩效为目标,应用边际分析方法和最优控制方法,定量分析组织系统的主控因素对于领导绩效的影响度.在组织系统中寻求改进和完善领导绩效的最优路径.     

关键链断裂情况下的缓冲设置方法比较研究

应用关键链项目管理方法时,由于项目的复杂性,在确定关键链和非关键链后,进一步插入汇入缓冲时,常常会出现资源再次冲突,需要对计划进行重排,重排后又出现关键链断裂、汇入缓冲起不到保护作用等问题。针对这些问题,本文采用分散缓冲法制定项目调度计划,并用项目实例证明了方法的可行性和通用性,且设计仿真实验将分散缓冲计划与重排后的关键链调度计划进行比较,结果发现当项目活动时间的变化性较小时,应用分散缓冲法还可以获得较好的项目绩效。     

基模生成集分析的矩阵算法及在人力资源管理中的应用

针对学习型组织理论的系统思考的基模分析技术,提出一个确定复杂系统的基模生成集和对新管理措施进行反馈绩效分析的矩阵算法.此算法是将系统动力学的流率基本入树模型转化为对角置零枝向量矩阵,将枝向量矩阵分解,再作矩阵乘法.然后,用一个管理案例说明了该算法的实际价值,即运用此方法,对中国企业现阶段普遍实行的绩效等级薪酬人力资源管理方法进行研究,揭示了在人力资源管理中引入绩效等级薪酬激励机制后产生的增长上限系统结构,证明了此管理对内部员工和吸引外系统员工流入具有很好的激励作用,同时证明此管理机制增加了组织成本,产生对组织绩效的制约作用,从而揭示出企业人力资源绩效管理中的增长上限系统结构.     

基于BSC&AHP的高校院系本科教学工作绩效评估模型的构建与应用

高等学校各院系办学绩效水平直接关系到高校人才培养的质量,本文针对目前高等院校对下属各院系本科教学考核评估指标权重确定方法中存在的问题,将平衡记分卡(BSC)和层次分析法(AHP)引入到本科教学工作绩效评估中,设计了一种用来确定高校对本科教学目标管理量化考核评估指标权重的决策方法既是一种理论创新,也是一种方法创新。解决了以往凭经验确定指标权重导致评估失衡的问题。     

考虑双参照点和Choquet积分的新型研发机构绩效评估方法及应用

针对新型研发机构绩效评估值不确定、指标间存在关联、投资主体多元且有风险偏好、指标集权重未知等绩效问题,提出基于双参照点和Choquet积分的绩效评估方法。首先,结合新型研发机构的特点,构建绩效评估指标体系;其次,基于累积前景理论设计同行-期望双参照点;然后,构建指标间直接关联矩阵,依据K-可加模糊测度和平均边际贡献Banzhaf值优化求解指标集权重,代入Choquet积分方法和参照点权重公式计算各新型研发机构的综合绩效评估值,从而实现机构排序和问题分析。该方法考虑了新型研发机构的特点、数据不确定性、指标关联性、风险偏好性、权重未知性等因素,更加符合实际情况,案例验证了方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于KPI-AHP方法的价值创造驱动因素分析——以河北联通面向责任体的关键绩效指标体系为例

价值创造是企业的使命目标。企业关键绩效指标体系在价值创造过程中扮演着举足轻重的作用,而有效的绩效指标势必充分考虑了企业责任体的内在驱动因素。制定企业关键绩效指标体系应以价值创造为目标,充分考虑责任体的内在驱动影响。本文以河北联通面向责任体的关键绩效指标体系为例,基于盈利能力、运营能力、发展能力、偿债能力、规模能力五类价值创造目标,构建了责任体层面五项核心要素(激励驱动、市场策略驱动、资源驱动、市场适应性、运营适应性)驱动的价值创造模型。运用层次分析法验证了河北联通面向责任体关键绩效指标体系的各项指标权重,以及其价值创造驱动因素的内在联系和重要性排序,为电信企业围绕价值创造目标选择绩效指标提供了定性分析及定量决策依据。     

民企家长型领导、组织承诺与组织绩效的关系研究

以广东、广西68家民营企业的159名管理者及员工的调查结果为样本,实证分析了民企家长型领导、组织承诺与组织绩效的关系.研究发现:家长型领导行为中德行领导对组织承诺及组织绩效具有较大程度的影响,仁慈领导能够有效地促进员工组织承诺的提升并改善组织绩效,而威权领导则不利于员工组织承诺的提升.组织承诺在德行领导和仁慈领导与组织绩效的关系中有着积极的中介作用,在威权领导与组织绩效间的关系不明确.     

基于Projection Pursuit-RAGA-NK-GERT的质量绩效提升路径优化——以组织质量特异性免疫和产品生命周期为主导逻辑的解释框架

依据组织免疫和组织质量特异性免疫的相关理论,引入情境变量产品生命周期,构建基于组织质量监视、组织质量防御软要素、组织质量防御硬要素和组织质量记忆的质量绩效提升路径理论框架。使用基于RAGA的投影寻踪模型、适应度景观和NK模型对产品生命周期不同阶段的质量绩效提升路径进行实证分析,实证结果表明:产品生命周期不同阶段有不同的质量绩效提升路径,产品导入期遵循的质量绩效提升路径为组织质量监视→组织质量防御→组织质量记忆,产品成长期遵循的质量绩效提升路径为组织质量防御软要素→组织质量防御硬要素→组织质量监视→组织质量记忆,产品成熟期遵循的质量绩效提升路径为组织质量防御硬要素→组织质量防御软要素→组织质量监视→组织质量记忆,产品衰退期遵循的质量绩效提升路径为组织质量记忆→组织质量监视→组织质量防御。并建立产品生命周期不同阶段质量绩效提升路径优化的GERT网络,优化产品生命周期不同阶段的质量绩效提升路径。     

基于多Agent仿真的双元创新平衡与组织绩效关系研究

运用多主体仿真方法,探讨了双元创新平衡对组织绩效的作用机理,并且检验了个体间模仿学习速度、任务复杂度、人员流动、环境扰动等情境因素与双元创新平衡对组织绩效的交互影响。仿真实验的结果表明,当组织处于稳定环境下,任务复杂程度适中,并且个体间模仿学习速度中等时,双元创新平衡参数与组织绩效间呈现倒U型的影响关系;当任务过于复杂或者过于简单时,任务本身的特性削弱了双元创新平衡参数对组织绩效的影响,不同平衡模式对应的组织绩效没有明显的差距;当个体间模仿学习速度比较慢时,增强了组织的探索性,此时具有利用式创新倾向的组织可以更好地提升组织绩效水平。但当个体间模仿学习速度过快时,组织更多的倾向探索式创新对组织绩效的提升更有利;当组织存在人员流动和外部环境扰动时,更多的利用式创新可以提升组织对现有知识进行重组和整合的能力,从而更好地适应环境的动态变化。     

基于因子分析的组织文化测量

在吸纳了国内外学者研究成果的基础上,设计了组织文化测量量表.通过因子分析,得到了组织文化创新力、凝聚力、领导力、员工定位、绩效定位、分配定位、团队定位七个维度的测量指标,累计七个维度方差得到组织文化强度,由该强度值的大小得知组织文化的强弱.给出了一种测量组织文化的定量方法,解决了实证研究中组织文化测量困难的问题.     

Random walk of a “drunk company”

We study the collective behavior of a system of Brownian agents each of which moves orienting itself to the group as a whole. This system is the simplest model of the motion of a “united drunk company.” For such a system, we use the functional integration technique to calculate the probability of transition from one point to another and to determine the time dependence of the probability density to find a member of the “drunk company” near a given point. It turns out that the system exhibits an interesting collective behavior at large times and this behavior cannot be described by the simplest mean-field-type approximation. We also obtain an exact solution in the case where one of the agents is “sober” and moves along a given trajectory. The obtained results are used to discuss whether such systems can be described by different theoretical approaches.     

并购后企业知识资本演化的数学模型

知识资本是企业价值系统的参变量 ,其存量和水平支配着并购企业的命运 .从知识和能力整合的角度出发 ,根据并购双方知识资本系统整合的机理和特点 ,建立了知识资本演化的数学模型 ,并且通过模型的数值分析模拟了并购后知识资本存量变化的过程和发展趋势 .     

Managing solid waste through discrete location analysis: A case study in central Portugal

In order to meet European Union Directive 1999/31/EC, ERSUC, the company responsible for the municipal solid waste management system in the Litoral Centro area of Portugal decided to change the main processing technology used within the system to incineration with energy recovery. In this article, we describe a study recently made at the Universities of Aveiro and Coimbra under contract with ERSUC to help the company determine the best way of redeploying the existing system. The approach adopted in the study relied heavily on the application of discrete location models.     

Statistical Decision Analysis of Cooperative Advertising Ventures

Statistical analysis is used for a decision situation involving a vertical cooperative advertising venture. A product is sold from a company to an independent agent, in which a portion of the agent advertising expense is paid by the company. A typical example is the company-to-agent relation between a soft drink manufacturer and its bottlers (distributors). The object of the analysis is to determine an optimal setting of the product price between company and agent, the advertising subsidy paid to the agent by the company and the advertising level of the agent. It is demonstrated via a real-world study that these decisions may be improved by use of statistical analysis.     

“清除太空垃圾”是否存在商机呢?

对太空轨道碎片清理的商业运营模式和是否存在商机问题建模进行研究。首先,提出了太空轨道碎片清理公司的商业运营模式,即以清理公司、保险公司和卫星公司为主体的三位一体的系统运营模式;其次,给出私营清理公司商机的定义,通过对运营系统资金费用的分析,定量建立系统正常运营的保险公司最低保单价格和卫星公司最高保险价格求解的模型,并分析了模型的可计算性,给出了商机存在的条件以及商机大小的计算方法;最后,借助于清除效率,建立3种不同轨道碎片清除模式下清除成本的模型,给出了计算不同清除方式下保险公司最低保单价格和卫星公司最高保险价格的模型,验证了定义的商机是合理的并可计算的。     

An implicit enumeration algorithm for the passenger service planning problem: Application to the Taiwan Railways Administration line

In a passenger railroad system, the service planning problem determines the train stopping strategy, taking into consideration multiple train classes and customer origin–destination (OD) demand, to maximize the short-term operational profit of a rail company or the satisfaction levels of the passengers. The service plan is traditionally decided by rule of thumb, an approach that leaves much room for improvement. To systematically analyze this problem, we propose an integer program approach to determine the optimal service plan for a rail company. The formulated problem has a complex solution space, and commonly used commercial optimization packages are currently incapable of solving this problem efficiently, especially when problems of realistic sizes are considered. Therefore, we develop an implicit enumeration algorithm that incorporates intelligent branching and effective bounding strategies so that the solution space of this integer program can be explored efficiently. The numerical results show that the proposed implicit enumeration algorithm can solve real-world problems and can obtain service plans that are at least as good as those developed by the rail company.     

Assessing gender and top-management-team pay in the S&P Mid-Cap and Small-Cap companies using data envelopment analysis

In this study, we use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to study gender equity in top-management-team compensation in the S&P Mid-Cap and Small-Cap companies. We find that female and male executives in these companies receive comparable compensation when controlling for differences in company performance, company size, and company pay philosophy.     

Dynamic Programming Applied to Ship Fleet Management

A ship fleet management problem is described which concerns the phasing out of a fleet of general cargo ships over a 10-year period with the possibility of premature sale and temporary replacement by charter ships. The objective is to determine a sale and replacement policy which maximizes long term company assets. The problem is tackled by selecting a priority order for sale and determining the optimal rate of replacement by dynamic programming. The method has been programmed and demonstrated good returns and is in current use by a shipping company for a variety of management functions.     

我国上市公司资本结构影响因素实证分析

本文选取了可能影响企业资本结构的多个指标变量进行分析 ,利用主成分分析提供的方法将变量综合成彼此互不相关的少数几个主成分。再用主成分 (作为回归自变量 )对企业的 5种资本负债比 (作为回归因变量 )进行多元回归分析 ,得出了影响企业资本结构的主要因素 ,以及这些因素与企业资本结构之间的关系 ,为企业确定资本结构提供参考依据 ,为企业财务决策提供支持。     

Balancing fleet size and repositioning costs in LTL trucking

This paper develops an optimization modeling approach for analyzing the trade-off between the cost of a larger fleet of tractors and the cost of repositioning tractors for a trucking company operating a consolidation network, such as a less-than-truckload (LTL) company. Specifically, we analyze the value of using extra tractor repositioning moves (in addition to the ones required to balance resources throughout the network) to reduce the fixed costs of owning or leasing a tractor fleet during a planning horizon. We develop network flow optimization models, some with side constraints and nonlinear objective functions, using event-based, time-expanded networks to determine appropriate fleet sizes and extra repositioning moves under different repositioning strategies, and we compare the optimal costs of the strategies. For repositioning costs, two different cost schemes are explored: one linear and one nonlinear. Computational experiments using real data from a national LTL carrier compare the total system costs obtained with four different strategies and show that extra repositioning may indeed enable fleet size reductions and concomitant cost savings.