Estimates on Eigenvalues of Laplacian

In this paper, we study eigenvalues of Laplacian on either a bounded connected domain in an n-dimensional unit sphere Sⁿ(1), or a compact homogeneous Riemannian manifold, or an n-dimensional compact minimal submanifold in an N-dimensional unit sphere S^N(1). We estimate the k+1-th eigenvalue by the first k eigenvalues. As a corollary, we obtain an estimate of difference between consecutive eigenvlaues. Our results are sharper than ones of P. C. Yang and Yau [25], Leung [19], Li [20] and Harrel II and Stubbe [12], respectively. From Weyls asymptotical formula, we know that our estimates are optimal in the sense of the order of k for eigenvalues of Laplacian on a bounded connected domain in an n-dimensional unit sphere Sⁿ(1).Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 35P15, 58G25, 53C42Research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.Research was partially Supported by SF of CAS, Chinese NSF and NSF of USA.     

On Lagrangian submanifolds in complex hyperquadrics and isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres

The n-dimensional complex hyperquadric is a compact complex algebraic hypersurface defined by the quadratic equation in the (n+1)-dimensional complex projective space, which is isometric to the real Grassmann manifold of oriented 2-planes and is a compact Hermitian symmetric space of rank 2. In this paper, we study geometry of compact Lagrangian submanifolds in complex hyperquadrics from the viewpoint of the theory of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres. From this viewpoint we provide a classification theorem of compact homogeneous Lagrangian submanifolds in complex hyperquadrics by using the moment map technique. Moreover we determine the Hamiltonian stability of compact minimal Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in complex hyperquadrics which are obtained as Gauss images of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres with g(=  1, 2, 3) distinct principal curvatures. Dedicated to Professor Hajime Urakawa on his sixtieth birthday. H. Ma was partially supported by NSFC grant No. 10501028, SRF for ROCS, SEM and NKBRPC No. 2006CB805905. Y. Ohnita was partially supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) No. 17204006.     

Index of Lagrangian submanifolds of ℂℙ n and the Laplacian of 1-forms

Inequalities, involving the two first eigenvalues of the Laplacian acting on 1-forms of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds of the complex projective space, are obtained. The Clifford torus in the complex projective plane is characterized by its index.Research partially supported by a DGICYT grant No. PB90-0014-C03-02.     

The Dirac Operator on Nilmanifolds and Collapsing Circle Bundles

We compute the spectrum of the Dirac operator on 3-dimensional Heisenberg manifolds. The behavior under collapse to the 2-torus is studied. Depending on the spin structure either all eigenvalues tend to ± or there are eigenvalues converging to those of the torus. This is shown to be true in general for collapsing circle bundles with totally geodesic fibers. Using the Hopf fibration we use this fact to compute the Dirac eigenvalues on complex projective space including the multiplicities.Finally, we show that there are 1-parameter families of Riemannian nilmanifolds such that the Laplacian on functions and the Dirac operator for certain spin structures have constant spectrum while the Laplacian on 1-forms and the Dirac operator for the other spin structures have nonconstant spectrum. The marked length spectrum is also constant for these families.     

Global and local definition of the Monge–Ampère operator on compact Kähler manifolds

The aim of this Note is to give a sufficient condition in order for a function in the global domain of definition of the Monge–Ampère operator not to belong to the local domain of the former in the sense of Cegrell, when one looks at the n-dimensional complex projective space. Using this result, we show that the subsolution theorem is false for functions in the local domain of definition of the Monge–Ampère operator on such a projective space.     

An integral inequality for compact maximal surfaces inn-dimensional de Sitter space and its applications

In this paper we prove an integral inequality for the Gaussian curvature of compact maximal surfaces inn-dimensional de Sitter space. Some applications of that inequality are given in order to solve the associated Bernstein type problem as well as to characterize the totally geodesic immersion in terms of its area and the first nontrivial eigenvalue of its Laplacian.Partially supported by a DGICYT Grant No. PB91-0705-C02-02Partially supported by a DGICYT Grant No. PB91-0731     

Eigenvalue inequalities for the buckling problem of the drifting Laplacian

In this paper, we study the buckling problem of the drifting Laplacian on bounded domains in a complete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative ∞-dimensional Bakry–Émery Ricci curvature. According to the property of the manifold, we obtain a family of trial functions. By making use of these trial functions, we derive a universal inequality of eigenvalues, which is independent of the domains.     

The scalar curvature of CR submanifolds of maximal CR dimension of complex projective space

We treat n-dimensional compact minimal submanifolds of complex projective space when the maximal holomorphic tangent subspace is (n − 1)-dimensional and we give a sufficient condition for such submanifolds to be tubes over totally geodesic complex subspaces. Authors’ addresses: Mirjana Djorić, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, pb. 550, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Masafumi Okumura, 5-25-25 Minami Ikuta, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan     

A Universal Bound for the Low Eigenvalues of Neumann Laplacians on Compact Domains in a Hadamard Manifold

 Let M be an n-dimensional simply connected Hadamard manifold with Ricci curvature satisfying and be a bounded domain having smooth boundary. In this paper, we prove that the first n nonzero Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian on Ω satisfy , where is a computable constant depending only on and , Ω being the volume of Ω. This result generalizes the corresponding estimate for bounded domains in a Euclidean space obtained recently by M. S. Ashbaugh and R. D. Benguria. (Received 19 May 1998; in revised form 21 September 1998)     

Universal inequalities for eigenvalues of a system of elliptic equations of the drifting Laplacian

Let \(\Omega \) be a bounded domain in a n-dimensional Euclidean space \(\mathbb {R}^{n}\). We study eigenvalues of an eigenvalue problem of a system of elliptic equations of the drifting Laplacian

$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \mathbb {L_{\phi }}\mathbf{{u}} + \alpha (\nabla (\mathrm {div}{} \mathbf{{u}}) - \nabla \phi \mathrm {div}{} \mathbf{{u}})= -\bar{\sigma }\mathbf{{u}}, &{} \hbox {in} \,\Omega ; \\ \mathbf{{u}}|_{\,\partial \Omega }=0. \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

Estimates for eigenvalues of the above eigenvalue problem are obtained. Furthermore, a universal inequality for lower order eigenvalues of the problem is also derived. Finally, we prove an universal inequality type Ashbaugh and Benguria for the drifting Laplacian on Riemannian manifold immersed in an unit sphere or a projective space.

     

The Problem of Eigenvalue on Noncompact Complete Riemannian Manifold

Let M be an n-dimensional noncompact complete Riemannian manifold, "Δ" is the Laplacian of M. It is a negative selfadjoint operator in L²(M). First, we give a criterion of non-existence of eigenvalue by the heat kernel. Applying the criterion yields that the Laplacian on noncompact constant curvature space form has no eigenvalue. Then, we give a geometric condition of M under which the Laplacian of M has eigenvalues. It implies that changing the metric on a compact domain of constant negative curvature space form may yield eigenvalues.     

Scalar curvature of <Emphasis Type="Italic">QR</Emphasis>-submanifolds with maximal <Emphasis Type="Italic">QR</Emphasis>-dimension in a quaternionic projective space

In this paper we derive an integral formula on an n-dimensional, compact, minimal QR-submanifoldM of (p−1) QR-dimension immersed in a quaternionic projective space QP ^(n+p)/4. Using this integral formula, we give a sufficient condition concerning with the scalar curvature of M in order that such a submanifold M is to be a tube over a quaternionic projective space.     

The distribution of the eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacian

We estimate the distribution of the eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacian on a bounded set inR ⁿ . The proof is based on a variational technique similar to that used by Weyl for the Laplacian. As an application of our estimates we prove stability in the maximum norm for the Crank-Nicolson method for the heat equation on a bounded set.The research of the second author was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant GP-30735X.     

On the Lefschetz periodic point free continuous self-maps on connected compact manifolds

We characterize the Lefschetz periodic point free self-continuous maps on the following connected compact manifolds: CPn the n-dimensional complex projective space, HPn the n-dimensional quaternion projective space, Sn the n-dimensional sphere and Sp×Sq the product space of the p-dimensional with the q-dimensional spheres.     

Isometries of diagonally symmetric Banach spaces

We describe all compact symmetric subgroups of the orthogonal groupO _n which contain the permutation groupS _n. There are seven such groups, each one can be realised as the group of all isometries on somen-dimensional Banach space. Authors were partially supported by N.S.F. grant MPS-74-06948-A01.     

Approximation in statistical sense to <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-variate B-continuous functions by positive linear operators

Our primary interest in the present paper is to prove a Korovkintype approximation theorem for sequences of positive linear operators defined on the space of all real valued n-variate B-continuous functions on a compact subset of the real n-dimensional space via statistical convergence. Also, we display an example such that our method of convergence is stronger than the usual convergence.     

Poincaré-type inequalities via stochastic integrals

Summary Martingales and stochastic integrals are applied to prove Poincaré-type inequalities involving probability distributions on the Euclidean space. These inequalities generalize and improve several results in the literature and are shown to yield weighted Poincaré inequalities on some special compact manifolds. This leads to a new method of calculating all the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on then-sphere. As a by-product the eigenvalues are shown to be related to the moments of a probability distribution.     

The Laplacian spread of graphs

The Laplacian spread of a graph is defined as the difference between the largest and second smallest eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. In this paper, bounds are obtained for the Laplacian spread of graphs. By the Laplacian spread, several upper bounds of the Nordhaus-Gaddum type of Laplacian eigenvalues are improved. Some operations on Laplacian spread are presented. Connected c-cyclic graphs with n vertices and Laplacian spread n − 1 are discussed.     

Saddle points and overdetermined problems for the Helmholtz equation

In a seminal 1971 paper, James Serrin showed that the only open, smoothly bounded domain in ⁿ on which the positive Dirichlet eigenfunction of the Laplacian has constant (nonzero) normal derivative on the boundary, is then-dimensional ball. The positivity of the eigenfunction is crucial to his proof. To date it is an open conjecture that the same result is true for Dirichlet eigenvalues other than the least. We show that for simply connected, plane domains, the absence of saddle points is a condition sufficient to validate this conjecture. This condition is also sufficient to prove Schiffer's conjecture: the only simply connected planar domain, on the boundary of which a nonconstant Neumann eigenfunction of the Laplacian can take constant value, is the disc.     

Estimates for eigenvalues on Riemannian manifolds

In this paper, we investigate eigenvalues of the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem of Laplacian on a bounded domain Ω in an n-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold M. When M is an n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, the conjecture of Pólya is well known: the kth eigenvalue λk of the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem of Laplacian satisfies