The drag exerted by an oblate rotating atmosphere on an artificial satellite

A theory is formulated for the motion of an artificial satellite under the joint effects of Earth oblateness and atmospheric drag. The Hamilton ' s equations of motion are derived including the zonal harmonics of the geopotential up to J4 and the drag accelerations. The atmospheric model is an oblate rotating model in which the atmospheric rotation lags behind that of the Earth as the increasing distance from the Earth. The drag free problem is first solved via two canonical transformations to eliminate in succession the short and long period terms. An operator D is then defined and used to formulate the drag acceleration in terms of the double primed variables expressing the solution of the drag-free problem.     

旋转三角形绳系卫星编队系统动态稳定性分析

本文研究了平动点附近的旋转三角形绳系卫星编队系统的动态稳定性问题.为了便于分析,假设系绳始终保持张紧状态,且不计系绳的质量.为了建立更加符合实际的数学模型,考虑了姿态运动和轨道运动的相互影响,即姿轨耦合,并在此基础上推导出了考虑姿轨耦合的非线性动力学方程.最后用数值方法模拟了在不同的旋转速度情况下系统的动态稳定性,模拟结果表明旋转速率越大系统稳定性越好.     

Motion parameters of an electrodynamic tether in orbit

The equilibrium states of an electrodynamic tether between two bodies of small mass in a near-polar orbit are studied. The behavior of the following parameters is traced during an astronomical day: tension of the tether, its radius of curvature, the angle of deviation from the orbital plane, induced electrodynamic force, etc. The lifetime of the tether in a circular near-earth orbit is analyzed __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 111–121, March 2007.     

Simulation of particle settling in rotating and non-rotating flows of non-Newtonian fluids

Finite element solutions are presented for the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids around a sphere falling along the centreline of a cylindrical tube. Both rotating and stationary tube scenarios are considered. Calculations are reported for three different inelastic constitutive models that manifest shear-thinning, extension-thickening and their combination. The influence of inertia and these various forms of viscous response are examined for their influence upon the drag on the settling particle and the structure of the flow. Simulations are performed by employing a semi-implicit time marching Taylor–Galerkin/pressure-correction finite element algorithm, a fractional-staged scheme of second-order-accuracy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A mathematical modeling of rotating waves in axial and radial compressors

Summary A comparison between meteorological systems and fluid motions through compressors is proposed. A mathematical analysis analogous to the geophysical one emphasizes characteristic dimensions. A dimensionless kinematic parameter, akin to the Rossby number, emerges, and thus leads to the study of different cases. Two kinds of solutions of rotating waves are presented here. The first describes a Rossby wave propagation in compressors, and the second depicts a limit form of part-span stall.     

Flow and heat transfer in a rotating cavity with a radial inflow of fluid Part 1: The flow structure

Flow visualization has been conducted in a rotating cavity, comprising two steel discs and a peripheral polycarbonate shroud, for dimensionless flow rates of air up to |C_w|8000 and rotational Reynolds number up to Re_φ10⁶. For all the experiments, the ratio of the inner to outer radii of the discs was 0.1 and the ratio of the axial clearance between the discs to their outer radii was 0.133; five different shroud geometries were tested. The flow visualization has confirmed that the flow structure comprises a source region near the shroud, laminar or turbulent Ekman layers on the discs, a sink layer near the centre of the cavity, and an interior core of rotating fluid. Above a certain flow rate, this structure was found to be unstable; heating one disc tended to stabilize the flow. For isothermal flow, measurements of the size of the source region were in good agreement with values predicted from a simple theoretical model.     

Impact dynamics analysis of free-floating space manipulator capturingsatellite on orbit and robust adaptive compound controlalgorithm design for suppressing motion

The impact dynamics, impact effect, and post-impact unstable motion sup- pression of free-floating space manipulator capturing a satellite on orbit are analyzed. Firstly, the dynamics equation of free-floating space manipulator is derived using the sec- ond Lagrangian equation. Combining the momentum conservation principle, the impact dynamics and effect between the space manipulator end-effector and satellite of the cap- ture process are analyzed with the momentum impulse method. Focusing on the unstable motion of space manipulator due to the above impact effect, a robust adaptive compound control algorithm is designed to suppress the above unstable motion. There is no need to control the free-floating base position to save the jet fuel. Finally, the simulation is proposed to show the impact effect and verify the validity of the control algorithm.     

Quasi-geostrophic motions in a rotating layer of an electrically conducting fluid

Large-scale nonlinear oscillations of an electrically conducting ideal fluid of varying depth are considered with the magnetic, Archimedean, and Coriolis forces taken into account. The main equations are derived from an analysis of the scales of quasi-geostrophic motions. Under the assumptions that the Rossby numbers (a measure of the ratio of the local and advective accelerations to the Coriolis acceleration) are of the same order, the problem is reduced to a system of three nonlinear equations for hydromagnetic pressure and two functions describing the magnetic field. For an infinitely long horizontal layer of an electrically conducting rotating fluid, the exact solution of the corresponding nonlinear equations and the dispersion relation are obtained under the assumption of an approximately constant slope of the upper boundary surface of the layer at a distance of the order of the wavelength. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 30–41, January–February, 2009.     

On the development of lift and drag in a rotating and translating cylinder

The two-dimensional flow around a rotating cylinder is investigated numerically using a vorticity forces formulation with the aim of analyzing quantitatively the flow structures, and their evolutions, that contribute to the lift and drag forces on the cylinder. The Reynolds number considered, based on the cylinder diameter and steady free stream speed, is Re=200, while the non-dimensional rotation rate (ratio of the surface speed and free stream speed) selected was α=1 and 3. For α=1 the wake behind the cylinder for the fully developed flow is oscillatory due to vortex shedding, and so are the lift and drag forces. For α=3 the fully developed flow is steady with constant (high) lift and (low) drag. Each of these cases is considered in two different transient problems, one with angular acceleration of the cylinder and constant speed, and the other one with translating acceleration of the cylinder and constant rotation. We characterize quantitatively the contributions of individual fluid elements (vortices) to aerodynamic forces, explaining and quantifying the mechanisms by which the lift is generated in each case. In particular, for high rotation (when α=3), we explain the relation between the mechanisms of vortex shedding suppression and those by which the lift is enhanced and the drag is almost suppressed when the fully developed flow is reached.     

The effect of side walls on particles mixing in rotating drums

In this paper, we study the effects of the presence and shape of side walls and of the overall length of rotating cylindrical drums on the mixing of particles with differing sizes by application of the discrete element method (DEM). By varying the semi-axis of the spheroidally shaped side walls and the length of the overall drum, we observe the formation of circulation patterns near the side walls. Although there is a vast amount of literature studying mixing regimes in rotating drums, little is known about the effect of the side walls of the drum on particle mixing. The results of our study demonstrate that introducing curved side walls induces a strong circulation pattern near these side walls, but has, paradoxically, a negative impact on mixing and actually promotes segregation. The cause for this segregation is the difference in velocity of differently sized particles near the curved side walls. Large particles accumulate at the curved side walls, whereas small particles move away from the curved side walls. When the length of the drum is increased, the overall effect of the side walls is decreased, although it does remain observable, even in very large drums.     

大气边界层内羽流扩散研究

主要研究了高架点源的污染,即``羽流扩散'. 由于大气边界层内的湍流运动,引 起污染物扩散的主要因素是湍流扩散, 研究湍流扩散有两种基本方法：统计理论和梯度理论. 采用拉格朗日粒子扩散模型 (Lagrangian particle dispersion model, LPDM)来评价羽流扩散的平均浓度,分别计算了表征扩散程度的3个参数：沿烟轴方向的 着地浓度、水平方向的羽流扩散宽度和垂直方向的羽流扩散宽度. 从计算结果和风洞实验的 数据对比来看,用该模式可以较好地模拟大气边界层内复杂气候条件下的羽流扩散.     

Advances in dynamics and control of tethered satellite systems

The concept of tethered satellite system （TSS） promises to revolutionize many aspects of space exploration and exploitation. It provides not only numerous possible and valuable applications, but also challenging and interesting problems related to their dynamics, control, and physical implementation. Over the past decades, this exciting topic has attracted significant attention from many researchers and gained a vast number of analytical, numerical and experimental achievements with a focus on the two essential aspects of both dynamics and control. This review article presents the historic background and recent hot topics for the space tethers, and introduces the dynamics and control of TSSs in a progressive manner, from basic operating principles to the state-of-the-art achievements.     

The study of surface dust concentration of satellite in fairing separation

The explosion process is usually used for satellite releasing during fairing separation.Explosion products are not allowed to be leaked from the detonating tube connecting two parts of the fairing during the fairing separation process.This paper predicts the contamination of the explosion products falling on the satellite surface during fairing separation on the ground and in space in case of the computer simulation by using the theory of explosion gaseous dynamics and the basic theory of aerosol mechanics.     

回转筒内沙石物料混合均匀性的数值模拟

采用离散单元法对回转筒内沙石物料的混合均匀性进行数值模拟研究,并选取回转筒转速、直径、提升条个数和石子填充率作为影响因素,分别设立3个水平,进行回转筒内物料混合的正交模拟,旨在对各因素的敏感性影响程度进行分析。基于试验结果选择物料混合时间和颗粒接触数率作为试验指标,对四个因素进行极差分析和方差分析。结果表明,回转筒转速、直径和石子填充率对物料混合时间的影响显著,提升条个数对混合时间的影响不显著;石子填充率、回转筒转速和提升条个数对物料混合后颗粒接触数率的影响显著,回转筒直径对物料混合后颗粒接触数率的影响不显著。     

Stress and strain fields in rotating elastic/plastic annular disks of pressure-dependent material

The Drucker–Prager yield criterion is used in conjunction with its associated flow rule to find the elastic/plastic stress and strain distributions within the rotating annular disks under plane stress conditions. The main distinguished feature of the model, as compared to typical models used for analysis of disks, is that the material is plastically compressible. Using an approach proposed elsewhere, the solution for strain rates is reduced to one nonlinear ordinary differential equation and two linear ordinary differential equations. These equations can be solved one by one, which significantly simplifies the numerical treatment and increases the accuracy of solution.     

Wave drag of an ellipsoid of revolution rapidly moving in a horizontal direction in a uniformly stratified fluid

The problem of the wave drag of ellipsoids moving in a uniformly stratified ideal fluid is considered by means of modeling the bodies by surface distributions of mass sources. Analytical results are obtained using the distributions known from the theory of a uniform fluid, which make it possible to describe the emission of internal waves by rapidly moving ellipsoids of revolution (spheroids) in the limit of large Froude numbers. An asymptotically simplified form of the dependence of the wave drag on the Froude number and the spheroid axis ratio is found. In the particular case of a sphere, the result confirmed earlier by Greenslade by making comparisons with a numerical calculation and experimental data is obtained.     

Analysis of periodic and aperiodic convective stability of double diffusive nanofluid convection in rotating porous layer

The onset of periodic and aperiodic convection in a binary nanofluid saturated rotating porous layer is studied considering constant flux boundary conditions. The porous medium obeys Darcy’s law, while the nanofluid envisages the effects of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory convection are obtained in terms of various non-dimensional parameters. The effect of the involved physical parameters on the aperiodic convection is studied graphically. The results are validated in comparison with the published literature in limiting cases of the present study.     

Motion of an inclusion in uniformly and nonuniformly vibrating liquids

An approach to constructing the quantitative nonuniformity characteristics of liquid vibrations is proposed. A new problem of the motion of an inclusion in a vibrating liquid is considered. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 79–85, January–February, 2007.     

旋转重力梯度仪的加速度计动态调节方法与需求分析

适合陆基使用的旋转重力梯度仪采用多个加速度计的组合输出,能有效地抑制平台的共模噪声,实现对地球表面微小重力梯度变化信号的测量.其关键技术之一就是对多个加速度计进行动态匹配调节,通过实时反馈来降低多种噪声和误差,从而降低对研制单个加速度计的性能要求.本文结合旋转重力梯度仪中加速度计的匹配调节方法,以重力梯度测量分辨率达到1E为目标分析,结果表明对加速度计的标度因子一致性匹配需要达到10-11的量级,对二阶非线性因子调节同样需要达到～10-11g/g2的量级.