用苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物作增容剂改善聚碳酸酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯相容性的研究

对聚碳酸酯（ＰＣ）／苯乙烯 丙烯腈无规共聚物（ＰＳＡＮ）／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）三元共混物，运用平均场理论，通过二元链段相互作用参数χｉｊ计算了其中三个二元对共混组成的相互作用参数χｂｌｅｎｄ，并计算了三元共混体系的ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ曲线．由此预测了三元共混物相容的条件，讨论了ＰＳＡＮ组成，各聚合物分子量对体系相容性的影响，并进行了实验验证．结果表明通过适当控制共聚组成和分子量，ＰＳＡＮ可以作为ＰＣ和ＰＭＭＡ共混物的增容剂，并可以通过仅改变ＰＳＡＮ在共混物中的比例来改善体系的相容性，直至得到完全均相的三元共混物．     

丁腈橡胶对聚甲醛树脂的增韧机理研究

研究了丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ） 对聚甲醛（ＰＯＭ） 树脂的增韧机理,并比较了ＰＯＭ／ＮＢＲ 体系和ＰＯＭ／ 热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ） 体系的异同．结果表明,高丙烯腈（ＡＮ） 含量的ＮＢＲ 有着和ＴＰＵ 相近的溶度积参数,且其分子上的氰（ＣＮ） 基或双键对ＰＯＭ 分解时产生的甲醛及大分子自由基的捕捉作用,有利于改善ＮＢＲ 和ＰＯＭ 之间相容性,因而可和ＰＯＭ 树脂形成良好的合金体系;当ＮＢＲ 含量达４０ｗｔ％ 时,ＰＯＭ／ＮＢＲ 体系出现脆 韧转变,从逾渗机制、剪切带机制、类互穿网络（ＩＰＮ） 作用机制等角度进行考察的结果证明,ＮＢＲ 对ＰＯＭ 树脂的增韧行为以及ＰＯＭ／ＮＢＲ 共混合金体系的脆 韧转变规律与ＰＯＭ／ＴＰＵ 体系相一致．     

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物的相容性与力学性能

用同步法合成了聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络聚合物［ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ］，调节ＩＰＮ中两组分组成比制备出由完全弹性体、增强弹性体、增韧塑料到脆性塑料多种高聚物合金材料．用ＤＳＣ、动态力学谱、ＴＥＭ对ＩＰＮ的研究结果表明，ＰＵ（ＰＥＣＨ）／ＰＭＭＡＩＰＮ的两组分是完全相容的；同时对各种组成比的ＩＰＮ材料进行力学性能测试，用相容性ＩＰＮ中互穿、缠结结构解释其力学行为，并用ＳＥＭ对断面形貌进行了观察解释．     

PA1010/丁基橡胶磺酸盐共混体系组分间相互作用和体系相容性的研究

ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸锌盐共混体系的ＤＳＣ、ＦＴＩＲ、固体ＮＭＲ结果表明两组份之间存在强的相互作用，ＤＭＡ结果表明随锌盐的比例增加，两组份相容性增加，并产生混合新相。ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸钠盐共混体系中两组份之间的相互作用不明显，相容性较差。ＳＥＭ结果与上述结果完全吻合。     

PA1010／丁基橡胶磺酸盐共混体系组分间相互作用和体系相容…

ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸锌盐共混体系的ＤＳＣ、ＦＴＩＲ、固体ＮＭＲ结果表明两组份之间存在强的相互作用，ＤＭＡ结果表明随锌盐的比例增加，两组份相容性增加，并生产混合新相。ＰＡ１０１０／丁基橡胶磺酸钠盐共混体系中两组份之间的相互作用不明显，相容性较差。ＳＥＭ结果与上述结果完全吻合。     

PC/ABS及PC/ABS/PE-g-MAH共混体系相容性的研究

研究了聚碳酸酯与ＡＢＳ（ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ）及ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯共聚物（ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混体系的力学性能和应力开裂性能。用ＤＳＣ和ＳＥＭ研究了共混体系的相容性。结果表明：ＡＢＳ的加入能提高ＰＣ的冲击强度,ＡＢＳ的含量及品种影响ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ合金的力学性能,ＡＢＳ能提高ＰＣ的耐溶剂应力开裂性能。ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ／ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的力学性能和相容性优于ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ共混体系,     

交联密度对聚氨酯／聚苯乙烯互穿聚合物网络动态力学性能的影响

采用同步法合成了聚氨酯／聚苯乙烯（ＰＵ／ＰＳ）互穿聚合物网络（ＩＰＮ）．通过改变ＮＣＯ／ＯＨ比、三元醇／二元醇（３ＯＨ／２ＯＨ）比、异氰酸酯类型、多元醇分子量、二乙烯基苯含量及丙烯酸β－羟乙酯的含量，研究了单网及网间交联密度对ＰＵ／ＰＳＩＰＮ动态力学性能影响的规律．结果表明：对相容性差的ＰＵ／ＰＳＩＰＮ体系，采用增加交联密度、加快网络固化速度导致“强迫互容”，能提高两网的互穿与缠结，增进组份的互容．但单网固化速度过快相容性反而下降．     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯 - 甲基丙烯酸共聚物/梯形聚苯基硅倍半氧烷原位共混体系的性能研究

甲基丙烯酸甲酯 甲基丙烯酸共聚物（Ｐ（ＭＭＡ ＭＡＡ））与低分子量或高分子量梯形聚苯基硅倍半氧烷（ＰＰＳＱ）的共混物经原位聚合法制成．用光学透明法、荧光光谱、ＤＳＣ等技术研究了该共混体系的相容性及组分间的相互作用及结构转变．结果表明，当ＰＰＳＱ含量较小时，由于ＰＰＳＱ与Ｐ（ＭＭＡ ＭＡＡ）间存在着较强的氢键作用，该共混体系在一定配比下相容，且低分子量ＰＰＳＱ与Ｐ（ＭＭＡ ＭＡＡ）间的相容性较好．当ＰＰＳＱ的含量≤１％时，ＰＰＳＱ的加入对该共混物的Ｔｇ影响不大，但其Ｔｆ随ＰＰＳＱ含量增加而增大．此外，还测试了Ｐ（ＭＭＡ ＭＡＡ）／ＰＰＳＱ原位共混物的硬度及冲击强度．     

QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF PRODUCING OXYGENATES IN FISCHER－TROPSCH SYNTHESIS ON M／SiO＿2 （M＝Ni， Ru， Rh， Pd） CATALYSTS

ＱＵＡＮＴＵＭ　ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ　ＳＴＵＤＹ　ＯＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭ　ＯＦ　ＰＲＯＤＵＣＩＮＧ　ＯＸＹＧＥＮＡＴＥＳ　ＩＮ　ＦＩＳＣＨＥＲ－ＴＲＯＰＳＣＨ　ＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳ　ＯＮ　Ｍ／ＳｉＯ＿２　（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ，　Ｒｕ，　Ｒｈ，　Ｐｄ）　ＣＡ...     

聚二甲基硅氧烷／聚氨酯共混体系的增容作用（I）

采用二甲基硅氧烷－ｂ－乙二醇嵌段共聚物（ＤＭＳ－ｂ－ＯＥ）对聚二甲基硅氧烷／聚氨酯（ＰＤＭＳ／ＰＵ）共混体系的增容，重点研究了增容共混体系的微观形态结构和软科学性能之间的关系。扫描电子显微镜、动态力学分析和力学性能测试结果表明：ＤＭＳ－ｂ－ＯＥ对ＰＤＭＳ／ＰＵ具有优良的增容作用，改善了ＰＤＭＳ／ＰＵ共混体系的相容性，提高了该共混物的力学性能。其抗张强度由３．４ＭＰａ提高到７．６ＭＰａ。     

Miscibility of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) and of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid)

The miscibility of poly (?-caprolactone) (PCL) with poly (styrene-co-acrylic acid) (SAA) and of poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) with SAA was examined as a function of the comonomer composition in the copolymers. For PCL/SAA blends it was found that PCL is miscible with SAA within a specific range of copolymer compositions. Segmental interaction energy densities were evaluated by analysis of the equilibrium melting point depression and application of a binary interaction model. The results suggest that the intramolecular repulsion in SAA copolymer plays an important role in inducing the miscibility. Additionally, the critical AA content in SAA for the blend to be homogeneous was predicted by correlating the segmental interaction energy densities with the binary interaction model. For SAN/SAA blends, it was also found that SAA is miscible with SAN within a specific range of copolymer compositions. From the binary interaction model, segmental interaction energy denisties between different monomer units were estimated from the miscibility map and were found to be positive for all pairs, indicating that the miscibility of the blends is due to the strong repulsion in the SAA copolymers.     

聚(ε-己内酯)/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物共混物相容性的研究

本文采用DSC、IR方法研究了聚ε-己内酯PCL苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SAN共混物的相容性。观察到共混物只表现出单一的玻璃化转变温度。而且随着含量的增加,半结晶高聚物的熔点下降,利用Flory-Huggins方程计算出共混体系的相互作用参数x_(23)计算结果表明该体系是热力学相容的。红外光谱的研究表明两种高聚物的这种相容性,是由于PCL中的羰基和SAN中的α-氢的氢键相互作用引起的。     

Evaluation of the interaction parameter for poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blends

In this article, the miscibility of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) containing 25 wt % of acrylonitrile is studied from both a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. The evidences coming from thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry) demonstrate that PCL and SAN are miscible in the whole range of composition. The Flory interaction parameter χ_1,2 was calculated by the Patterson approximation and the melting point depression of the crystalline phase in the blends; in both cases, negative values of χ_1,2 were found, confirming that the system is miscible. The interaction parameter evaluated within the framework of the mean field theory demonstrates that the miscibility of PCL/SAN blends is due to the repulsive interaction between the styrene and acrylonitrile segments in SAN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010     

Upper critical solution temperature type phase behavior of poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blends with poly(styrene‐co‐n‐phenyl maleimide) and their interaction energies

To enhance the heat resistance of poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene), ABS, miscibility of poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile), SAN, with poly(styrene‐co‐n‐phenyl maleimide), SNPMI, having a higher glass transition temperature than SAN was explored. SAN/SNPMI blends casted from solvent were immiscible regardless of copolymer compositions. However, SNPMI copolymer forms homogeneous mixtures with SAN copolymer within specific ranges of copolymer composition upon heating caused by upper critical solution temperature, UCST, type phase behavior. Since immiscibility of solvent casting samples can be driven by solvent effects even though SAN/SNPMI blends are miscible, UCST‐type phase behavior was confirmed by exploring phase reversibility. When copolymer composition of SNPMI was fixed, the phase homogenization temperature of SAN/SNPMI blends was increased as AN content in SAN copolymer increased. To understand the observed phase behavior of SAN/SNPMI blend, interaction energies of blends were calculated from the UCST‐type phase boundaries by using the lattice‐fluid theory combined with a binary interaction model. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1131–1139, 2008     

Ternary blends of phenoxy/SAN/poly(-ε-caprolactone)

The compatibilizing effect of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) on the blends of two immiscible polymers, poly(hydroxy ether of bisphenol A) (phenoxy) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) has been investigated. The phase behavior of the ternary blends was affected by the AN content in the SAN copolymers and a maximum miscible region was observed at 19.5 wt % of AN. The effect of AN content on the phase behavior of the ternary blends was interpreted in terms of the relative magnitude of the segmental interaction energy densities, which were obtained by combining a melting point depression and an extended binary interaction model. When a small amount of PCL was added to the phenoxy/SAN blends, the phase morphology showed a finer phase dispersion, indicating that the interfacial tension between the phenoxy and SAN is considerably reduced. However, the improvement in tensile properties was limited despite the morphological change with the PCL content. From the results of the DSC measurements, SEM, and tensile testing, it was understood that the PCL acted as a compatibilizer for the immiscible phenoxy/SAN blends. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

EAA增容LLDPE／SAN共混物的形态及力学性能

采用SEM及力学性能测试等方法，研究了乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物（EAA）含量对其增容线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）／苯乙烯－丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）共混物形态及性能的影响．发现少量的EAA可使共混物中SAN相的相尺寸减小，共混物模量、拉伸强度及断裂伸长率提高．当EAA的含量增加至11．7％时，它在共混物中两相界而的分布达到饱和，即增容剂饱和浓度Cs=11．7％；此时，共混物形态及性能的变化趋势出现明显转折．明显过量的EAA主要起增韧作用．EAA的增容机理为，它与LLDPE组分的非晶区可部分相容，同时又与SAN相存在着分子间特殊作用.     

Flory状态方程理论研究PS/PMMA/SAN相行为

将改进的Flory状态方程理论(EOS)引入含“分子内链段排斥性相互作用”的高分子共混物中,研究含无规共聚物的三元共混体系聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)无规共聚物的相行为,建立相应的适用于含无规共聚物三元共混体系Spinodal方程.用PS、PMMA、PAN的特征参数及其链段间相互作用参数分别计算相应共聚物的特征参数,由二元相互作用模型计算均聚物-共聚物间的相互作用能参数.在运用EOS理论研究三元均聚物共混体系相行为基础上,进一步预测PS/PMMA/SAN体系的相行为,计算并绘制不同温度下的Spinodal曲线并进行实验验证,理论计算与实验结果吻合.结果表明,EOS理论可以克服经典平均场理论的缺陷,成功描述含分子内排斥作用共混体系相行为与共聚物组成及温度之间的关系.     

SiO2粒子对PMMA/SAN共混体系相分离行为的影响

采用小角激光光散射(SALLS)并结合动态流变学方法,考察了气相法二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子的加入对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物(PMMA/SAN)共混体系相行为的影响,得到了添加SiO2粒子前后的相图,发现SiO2粒子对基体相行为的影响与基体的组成有关.对PMMA/SAN(60/40)体系,加入SiO2粒子后相分离温度上升,但并未改变相分离机理,仍为亚稳单相分解过程(spinodal decomposition,SD);而对于PMMA/SAN(30/70)体系,加入SiO2粒子后却降低了体系的相分离温度.该现象可能是SiO2粒子和基体组分界面间组成与PMMA/SAN共混物基体组成的差异造成的.     

Investigation of properties of compatibilized TPU/SAN blends

The properties of compatibilized thermoplastic polyurethane/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (TPU/SAN) blends were investigated. Relaxation temperatures were studied by dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). In comparison, thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of the samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

Effect of PBT molecular weight and reactive compatibilization on the dispersed‐phase coalescence of PBT/SAN blends

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/styrene‐acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) blends were investigated with respect to their phase morphology. The SAN component was kept as dispersed phase and PBT as matrix phase and the PBT/SAN viscosity ratio was changed by using different PBT molecular weights. PBT/SAN blends were also compatibilized by adding methyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethyl acrylate terpolymer, MGE, which is an in situ reactive compatibilizer for melt blending. In noncompatibilized blends, the dispersed phase particle size increased with SAN concentration due to coalescence effects. Static coalescence experiments showed evidence of greater coalescence in blends with higher viscosity ratios. For noncompatibilized PBT/SAN/MGE blends with high molecular weight PBT as matrix phase, the average particle size of SAN phase does not depend on the SAN concentration in the blends. However noncompatibilized blends with low molecular weight PBT showed a significant increase in SAN particle size with the SAN concentration. The effect of MGE epoxy content and MGE molecular weight on the morphology of the PBT/SAN blend was also investigated. As the MGE epoxy content increased, the average particle size of SAN initially decreased with both high and low molecular weight PBT phase, thereafter leveling off with a critical content of epoxy groups in the blend. This critical content was higher in the blends containing low molecular weight PBT than in those with high molecular weight PBT. At a fixed MGE epoxy content, a decrease in MGE molecular weight yielded PBT/SAN blends with dispersed nanoparticles with an average size of about 40 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010