Comments on Prokhovnik's critique of Marinov's experiment

The essential second half of Marinov's experiment, neglected by Prokhovnik, is discussed.     

On gravitational radiation and the energy flux of matter

A suitable derivative of Einstein's equations in the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR) yields a continuity equation for the gravitational energy‐momentum. In particular, the time derivative of the total gravitational energy is given by the sum of the total fluxes of gravitational and matter fields energy. We carry out a detailed analysis of the continuity equation in the context of Bondi and Vaidya's metrics. In the former space‐time the flux of gravitational energy is given by the well known expression in terms of the square of the news function. It is known that the energy definition in the realm of the TEGR yields the ADM (Arnowitt‐Deser‐Misner) energy for appropriate boundary conditions. Here we show that the same energy definition also describes the Bondi energy. The analysis of the continuity equation in Vaidya's space‐time shows that the variation of the total gravitational energy is determined by the energy flux of matter only.     

Field theoretic treatment of gravitational interaction in electrodynamics

A theory of gravitational interaction in classical electrodynamics is developed on the basis of an earlier-proposed minimal relativistic model of gravitation. From the variation principle, a system of gaugeinvariant equations of the interacting electromagnetic and gravitational fields is deduced and their common energy-momentum tensor is constructed. A rigorous solution to the problem of regularizing the field mass of a point charge is given with consideration for the coupling energy of the gravitational interaction. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the gravitational field is discussed. It is shown that, under the condition of the existing resonant ratio 2: 3 for the periods of Mercury’s orbital revolution and daily rotation, tidal forces cause a regular shift in the planet’s perihelion in an observable forward direction.     

Comments on: “A criticism of the ‘absolute space-time theory’”

A rebuttal is given of points of criticism raised by Z. Vrcelj against S. Marinov's absolute space-time theory.     

Critique of Marinov's experiment: A reply to Wesley

Marinov's experiment was analyzed in terms of his own assumptions, and the resultant critique has been welcomed by him as fair and constructive.     

A new interpretation of the special theory of relativity

Assuming the “Big Bang” theory as well as the usual axioms in the Special Theory of Relativity, the time dilations and length contractions are treated as real physical effects. This becomes possible by relating everything to the hypothetical frame,S _a , at rest relative to the “Big Bang” event. This frame in many senses plays the role of the classical aether frame. A clock's real ryhthm, as opposed to its rhythm observed by restricted methods, is then a function of its velocity relative toS _a (assuming a uniform gravitational field). It is further assumed that gravitational radiation is composed of “electromagnetic-like” waves. Therefore when a clock changes its velocity in a uniform gravitational field it must receive a different total energy due to the average frequency shift (Doppler effect), the time dilations are then caused by the change in energy due to this frequency shift. That is, not wo clocks can be in the “same” gravitational field unless they have no relative velocity, and therefore the Special Theory of Relativity is a special case of the General Theory from this viewpoint. Two feasible experimental tests, using the Mössbauer effect, are described that would decide on these viewpoints. The principle of equivalence and the “twin paradox” are also discussed.     

Vakuum-Lichtgeschwindigkeit und differentielle Aberration

Vacuum Light Velocity and Differential Abberation In the frame work of Newton's theories of gravity and of light Laplace (1796) has deduced that the effective velocity c* of light is dependent on the gravitational potential of its source: Laplace, Olbers, a. o. have demonstrated that this effect implies differential aberrations of the light of different cosmisc sources. - But, Einstein's principles of relativity imply the independence of the velocity of light on its sources. This assertion is the fundamental principle of the Einsteinian theories of relativity. However, there seems to be no direct experimental facts disproving Laplace's formula, till today.     

New theory of superconductivity

Based on three earlier papers which treat electromagnetic, elastogravitational, and radiant-nonradiant thermal phenomena in terms of six types of electric or nonelectric charges, the authors classify states of matter as hyperefficient, efficient, semiefficient, and hypoefficient in transmitting a particular type of charge, by means of a generalization of Ohm's law to two or three dimensions. Conventional states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, vacuum) are associated with torsional (gravitational) charges. Applications are made to electric superconductivity of crystals at elevated temperatures, and to frequency shift (gravitational red shift, Lamb shift, and Zeeman and Stark effects).     

Neutrino radiation in spherically-symmetric gravitational fields II. The structure of the radiation field

It is shown that the neutrino radiation field emitted by a star may be described by Vaidya's radiating Schwarzschild metric. The gravitational energy shift of the neutrino field is also considered, both in terms of an exact solution and in the weak field approximation.     

Explizite Darstellungsformeln GREENscher Funktionen von kovarianten Wellengleichungen im schwachen Gravitationsfeld. I. Skalare D'ALEMBERT-Gleichung

The scalar wave equation in an external gravitational field is considered. In the weakfield approximation, the time-symmetric GREEN 's function is built up via the invariant defining equation to first order in the perturbation parameter. The coefficients of the distributions are represented by four-dimensional FOURIER integrals containing the FOURIER transform of the first-order gravitational potential and KUMMER 's functions.     

Modification of the Perov-Bakhshiev's Frequency Shift Formula and the Extension of its Applicability Field

Starting from the Perov-Bakhshiev's frequency shift formula and using an analogy from electronics a new frequency shift formula was deduced which gives the possibility of describing the spectral shift effects in the electronic spectra observed at a great variety of the spectral-active compounds dissolved in various non-polar and polar solvents with universal or specific solvation effects.     

Effect of Hall Current on the Magnetogravitational Instability of Anisotropic Plasma with Generalized Polytrope Law

The effect of Hall current on the propagation of small perturbations through self gravitating anisotropic collisionless pressure plasma with generalized polytrope law is investigated. The poly-trope law for pressure components parallel and perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field is utilized in the analysis. The effect of Hall current and finite conductivity is introduced in the generalized Ohm's law. Using the polytrope law and Ohm's law dispersion relations are obtained from linearized perturbation equations for wave propagation along and perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. The dispersion relations incorporating polytrope indices are able to represent the Chew, Goldberger and Low approximation with double adiabatic equation of state for the anisotropic pressure and the magnetohydrodynamic set of equations with isothermal equation of state for the isotropic pressure. The effect of Hall current, finite conductivity and polytrope indices is discussed on the well known hose and gravitational instability. It is found that Jeans' criterion depends on polytrope indices and the condition of gravitational instability is determined for different special cases of interest.     

A precision analysis and determination of the technical requirements of an atom interferometer for gravity measurement

The influence of the wave-front curvature of Raman pulses on the measurement precision of gravitational acceleration in atom interferometry is analysed by the method of a transmission matrix. It is shown that the measurement precision of gravitational acceleration is largely dependent on the spot size of the Raman pulse, the temporal interval between Raman pulses and the optical path difference of the two counter-propagating Raman pulses. Moreover, the influence of Doppler frequency shift on the precision is discussed. In order to get a certain measurement precision, the requirement for the accuracy of frequency scanning of the Raman pulse to compensate for the Doppler frequency shift is obtained.      

A critical analysis of Helmholtz's argument against Weber's electrodynamics

We present Helmholtz's argument against Weber's electrodynamics. It is related with a fixed charged nonconducting spherical shell and a charged particle moving inside it. Then we utilize Weber's electrodynamics plus Schrödinger's expression for gravitational interactions in order to obtain the equation of motion and to study this situation. We show that this approach avoids the problems pointed out by Helmholtz. Moreover, it indicates that the effective inertial mass of the charged particle will depend not only on the electrostatic potential of the shell but also on its velocity. This is a relevant aspect of Weber's theory.     

On frequency waves

A new type of wave existing in the frequency domain is deduced and named a frequency wave. For a homogeneous medium, we have obtained the approximate and rigorous solutions of a frequency shift equation for plane radiation under some special, one-sided or two-sided frequency shift conditions.     

Periodic relativity: basic framework of the theory

An alternative gravity theory is proposed which does not rely on Riemannian geometry and geodesic trajectories. The theory named periodic relativity (PR) does not use the weak field approximation and allows every two body system to deviate differently from the flat Minkowski metric. PR differs from general relativity (GR) in predictions of the proper time intervals of distant objects. PR proposes a definite connection between the proper time interval of an object and gravitational frequency shift of its constituent particles as the object travels through the gravitational field. PR is based on the dynamic weak equivalence principle which equates the gravitational mass with the relativistic mass. PR provides very accurate solutions for the Pioneer anomaly and the rotation curves of galaxies outside the framework of general relativity. PR satisfies Einstein’s field equations with respect to the three major GR tests within the solar system and with respect to the derivation of Friedmann equation in cosmology. This article defines the underlying framework of the theory.     

Harmonic oscillations of elastic continua and detection of gravitational waves

In this article it is shown that the equation derived by weber from the equation of geodesic deviation — the equation that constitutes the basis for the theoretical studies concerning the detection of gravitational waves — can be obtained as an approximation to an equation deduced from Cauchy's equation which governs an elastic continuum. This is achieved within the frame of the formalism of the theory of relativistic continua developed by A. C. Eringen and his collaborators and the present author. The use of piezoelectric crystals in order to measure the stresses that result from incident gravitational waves is also examined within the framework provided by this theory.     

Modified Newton's gravity in Finsler space as a possible alternative to dark matter hypothesis

A modified Newton's gravity is obtained as the weak field approximation of the Einstein's equation in Finsler space. It is found that a specified Finsler structure makes the modified Newton's gravity equivalent to the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). In the framework of Finsler geometry, the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies can be deduced naturally without invoking dark matter.