Mononitration of phenol derivatives by guanidinium nitrate and silica sulfuric acid under mild conditions

A mixture of guanidinium nitrate and silica sulfuric acid acts as mild and heterogeneous media for the efficient mono nitration of phenolic compounds in dichloromethane at room temperature.     

Controlled copper-mediated chlorination of phenol rings under mild conditions

The very unusual case of copper-mediated chlorination of phenol rings under mild conditions at room temperature is reported. Reaction of the ligand 1,7-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-diaza-4-hydroxylheptane (H3L1) with CuCl2 in acetonitrile leads to either the formation of a tetranuclear copper(II) complex [Cu4(HL3)2(mu-Cl)2Cl2](CH3CN) (1) or a linear trinuclear complex [Cu3(HL1)2Cl2(CH3CN)2](CH3CN)2 (2), depending on the reaction conditions. Both compounds have been fully characterized, including the determination of their 3D structures by X-ray diffraction. The unprecedented tetranuclear compound 1 is constituted of a dichlorido-bridged dimer of di-mu-phenoxido-dinuclear species, whereas the trinuclear complex 2 presents a linear array of copper(II) ions, held together through di-mu-phenoxido bridges of the central and external ions. The magnetic susceptibility of the two compounds was investigated, revealing either very strong (J<-500 cm-1) or strong (J value around -370(1) cm-1) antiferromagnetic dominant interactions among the CuII ions for 1 and 2, respectively. The tetranuclear complex 1 is obtained, under dry conditions, through the in situ formation of ligand HL3 (H3L3=1,7-bis(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-2,6-diaza-4-hydroxylheptane) by oxidative chlorination of (HL1)2-. In the presence of traces of water, 1 is partially hydroxylated at the ortho position of one of the phenyl rings. The use of trimethylorthoformate as the dehydrating agent prevents the formation of hydroxylated ligands. Several partly chlorinated/hydroxylated products (identified as H3L2) have also been obtained through slight variations of the synthetic procedures (presence or absence of water and/or triethylamine in the reaction mixtures). These partially chlorinated and/or hydroxylated coordination species are mutually isomorphous to either 1 or 2. Several "modified" ligands have been isolated and characterized by 1H NMR and MS, after reaction with sodium sulfide of the complexes formed.     

Facile synthesis of urea derivatives under mild conditions

Urea derivatives were readily synthesized in good yields under quite mild conditions, i.e., at ambient pressure and room temperature by sulfur-assisted carbonylation of primary amines with carbon monoxide followed by oxidation of the resulting ammonium thiocarbamates with molecular oxygen.     

Efficient TCT-catalyzed synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives under mild conditions

2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) efficiently catalyzed the condensation reactions between 1,2-diamines and various enolizable ketones to afford 1,5-benzodiazepines in good to excellent yields. Simple and mild reaction conditions, the use of a cheap catalyst and easy workup and isolation are notable features of this method.     

A new method for the mononitration of phenol derivatives by poly(4-vinylpyridinium nitrate) and silica sulfuric acid under mild conditions

This procedure works efficiently for high selective mono nitration of phenol and substituted phenol to corresponding nitro compounds in moderate to high yield using poly(4-vinylpyridinium nitrate) and silica sulfuric acid in dichloromethane at room temperature.     

Simple ammonium ionic liquid catalyses the 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives under mild conditions

Abstract

An incredibly elementary procedure for the effective synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives using triethyl ammonium acetate (TEAA) [Et₃NH][CH₃COO] ionic liquid has been developed. TEAA was found to be practical, inexpensive, reusable and has a simple work-up procedure, which is absent in other catalyst. The role of TEAA as the reaction medium as well as the catalyst has shown the benefits of the use of TEAA in organic synthesis. The effect of [Et₃NH][CH₃COO] on the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives has been studied and results are provided herein.     

Palladium catalyzed ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of benzylic halides with aryl boronic acids under mild conditions

A highly efficient Suzuki cross-coupling reaction between benzylic halides and aryl boronic acids using palladium chloride as catalyst in acetone:water (3:1) as the solvent system has been developed. High yields of products, mild reaction conditions and short reaction times in the absence of ligand are important features of this method.     

Palladium complex catalyst immobilized on epoxy support under supercritical conditions

The aim of this research was to obtain a new-generation complex catalyst under supercritical carbon dioxide. A new complex catalyst based on epoxy resin cured with multifunctional polythiourethane was prepared. The use of polythiourethane as a hardener allowed us to introduce linking groups into the structure of the polymer without further functionalization of the resin. Additionally, the use of supercritical CO₂ enabled a more accurate and better distribution of the metal complex in the polymer matrix. The presence of the functional groups allowed us to obtain a catalyst wherein the metal centers had a different electronic structure and various degrees of oxidation, so that such a system was characterized by its high selectivity. The catalytic properties of the prepared catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation reaction. Research methods like time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen BET surface area measurements were used to characterize polymeric support and heterogenized catalysts.     

NBS as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives under mild conditions

Various biologically important 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives were efficiently synthesized in excellent yields using catalytic amounts of NBS (10 mol %). This inexpensive, nontoxic, and readily available catalyst efficiently catalyzes the condensation of several aromatic as well as aliphatic ketones with substituted o-phenylenediamines.     

Highly rapid and direct synthesis of monoacylated piperazine derivatives from carboxylic acids under mild conditions

A series of monoacylated piperazine derivatives were obtained by the reaction of carboxylic acids with 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine in dichloromethane at room temperature. Good to excellent yields, short reaction times and mild reaction conditions are important features of this methodology.     

Addition of the oxirane derivatives to CO2 catalyzed by Lewis bases under mild conditions

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The addition of the oxirane derivatives to CO2 was found to occur without Lewis acid involvement but requires the presence of the Lewis base. The reaction was carried...     

Using principal component analysis for the study of the retention behaviour of phenol derivatives under reversed-phase conditions

Summary The retention time of 11 ring-substituted phenol derivatives was measured on six different reversed-phase HPLC columns and the log k, theoretical plate number (N) and asymmetry factor (F) values were calculated for each solutes on each column. The similarities and dissimilarities among the columns and solutes were elucidated by principal component analysis followed with nonlinear mapping technique and cluster analysis. Calculations indicated that the retention characteristics of porous graphitized carbon stationary phase considerably deviate from those of octadecyl- and hexyl-coated silica, octadecyl-coated polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer and polybutadiene-coated alumina. The differences among these columns were markedly smaller. The retention behaviour of aminophenols differed from those of other phenol derivatives proving the importance of molecular polarity in the retention. It was established that the mode of calculation slightly modifies the similarity and dissimilarity among the columns and solutes, therefore, the use of more than one calculation method is proposed.     

Palladium(II)-catalyzed carboxylation of benzene and other aromatic compounds with carbon monoxide under very mild conditions

Aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, anisole, and naphthalene were carboxylated by palladium(II) acetate catalyst with carbon monoxide in the presence of potassium peroxodisulfate in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. The aromatic carboxylic acids were formed in good yields; for example, the carboxylation of benzene with carbon monoxide proceeds quantitatively under the optimal conditions.     

Rearrangement of indene skeletons under mild conditions

Isomerization between two isomers of 1,2-disubstituted 3-aminoindenes occurs via the rearrangement of indene frameworks. In contrast to previous rearrangements of indene derivatives, which occur under high-temperature conditions or the irradiation of light, this rearrangement proceeds at room temperature without UV light irradiation. An amino group at the 3-position plays an important role to accelerate the rearrangement under mild conditions.     

Synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrins under very mild conditions

Reaction of pyrrole and an aromatic aldehyde at room temperature affords the corresponding tetraarylporphyrinogen in high yield at thermodynamic equilibrium. Oxidation yields the porphyrin. The reaction conditions are of broad scope.     

Palladium nanoparticles supported on cucurbit[6]uril: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki reaction under mild conditions

A new NC palladacycle was synthesized and supported on cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]). The CB[6]‐supported palladium was used as an efficient nanocatalyst for the Suzuki reaction. In these reactions various aryl halides were reacted with arylboronic acids in H₂O–EtOH at both room temperature and 40 °C. The obtained Pd nanocatalyst exhibited excellent reactivity and stability in C ? C bond formation, which confirms that the catalyst is a completely active heterogeneous species. The Pd nanocatalyst was characterized using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

One-pot dehydrogenation of carboxylic acid derivatives to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under mild conditions

Carboxylic acid derivatives such as N-acyl-2-oxazolidones, δ-lactones, and δ-lactams were smoothly dehydrogenated to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in one-pot manner at −78 °C just by treating their lithium enolates with N-tert-butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl chloride.