新型水溶性花菁双嵌染料荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌花菁染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性碳菁染1,1’-丙磺酸-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚三次甲基碳菁-5,5’-二磺酸钾为荧光探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质荧光检测体系。实验考察了探针的荧光特征、浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度和乙醇有机试剂等参数对体系荧光的影响。当pH2.0,花菁染料最大荧光激发波长为548 nm,发射波长为562 nm,血清蛋白与探针作用随着探针浓度的增加而加强,荧光增强值逐渐上升;当探针浓度为1.00×10-6mol·L-1时,牛血清蛋白BSA和人血清蛋白HSA对花菁探针荧光增强作用最为明显,体系荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系,BSA和HSA线性响应浓度范围分别为0.20～15.00μg·mL-1和0.20～12.00μg·mL-1, 检测限(3σ/K)为0.01μg·mL-1。测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,当BSA浓度为4.00,6.00,8.00μg·mL-1时,回收率为94.5%～103.3%。     

光谱法研究钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与蛋白质的相互作用及其应用

研究了钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)作用的共振光散射光谱(RLS)、荧光光谱和电子吸收光谱特征,建立了利用金属配合物作为探针测定痕量蛋白质的方法。钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)-BSA三元络合物的形成导致RLS强度和荧光强度的增大;同时引起电子吸收光谱的强度减小,594 nm处吸收峰消失。在pH5.65～5.75的酸度条件下,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA系统在317 nm处有一增强的RLS光谱峰,且增强的RLS强度与BSA的浓度呈线性关系。在实验室确定的优化条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.75～10 μg·mL-1, 线性方程为I=150.88+201.48c(BSA ,μg·mL-1),相关系数r=0.997 3。方法检出限为5.62×10-2 μg·mL-1。该方法成功地用于人工混合样品中BSA含量的测定。对钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA的作用机制的研究表明,钙红-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA之间主要存在的是静电引力。     

偶氮胭脂红B共振瑞利光散射技术测定人血清中的总蛋白

在0.1mol/LH2SO4介质中,偶氮胭脂红B(ACB)与蛋白质结合形成的复合物在599nm处产生强烈的共振瑞利光散射信号.在最佳反应条件下,建立了共振瑞利光散射技术测定蛋白质的新方法.该方法对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)及免疫球蛋白(IgG)测定的线性范围分别为0.25-20.0、0.25-20.0及0.25-25.0μg/mL,检出限均小于0.20μg/mL,且大量存在的常见金属离子、氨基酸等共存物质不干扰测定,用于人血清样品中总蛋白质的测定,结果满意.     

丁基罗丹明B-表面活性剂体系荧光光谱法测定人血清蛋白

研究了阳离子染料丁基罗丹明 B在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在时的吸收光谱和荧光性能 ,发现随蛋白质浓度增大荧光强度逐渐增强 ,在一定范围内增强程度与蛋白质浓度成正比 ,据此建立了一种测定人血清蛋白的新方法 ,线性范围 0— 6 .0 mg·L-1 ,检出限为 4 .4 μg/ L。用于合成样品测定 ,结果令人满意。     

吲哚基二聚体菁类探针同步荧光测定蛋白质的研究

基于蛋白质对双嵌吲哚染料具有良好的荧光增强作用,以新型水溶性吲哚基同型二聚体探针I,建立了一种灵敏的蛋白质同步荧光分析体系。实验考察了吲哚探针的荧光特征、吲哚探针浓度、缓冲体系pH、盐浓度等参数对体系荧光的影响。在酸性条件下,蛋白质分子与探针I发生结合作用,同步荧光明显增强并向长波方向发生红移,且同步荧光强度与蛋白质浓度成良好的线性关系。在最优条件下,牛血清白蛋白BSA的线性响应范围5.00×10-7～2.50×10-5 g·mL-1,检测限(3σ/K)为3 ×10-8 g·mL-1;测定了血清蛋白BSA的合成样品,不同浓度BSA样品回收率为98.6%～103.0%,相对标准偏差1.1%～1.9%;与蛋白质紫外标准测定法比较,测定偏差为0.4%～3.9％。     

蛋白质的室温磷光法研究

提出了牛血清蛋白(BSA)和人血清蛋白(HSA)的室温磷光法,蛋白质的磷光主要来自于包埋于其中的色氨酸残基,并对影响其室温磷光强度的的各种因素:如重原子浓度,酸度,除氧剂浓度等进行了详细研究,建立了测定痕量HSA和BSA的室温磷光法.该法是以KI为重原子微扰剂,在水溶液中用Na2SO3化学除氧后,以287nm为激发波长,BSA和HSA在443nm左右的磷光具有较好的重复性和稳定性.在此条件下它们的线性范围分别为:1×10-6-8.6×10-5mol/L和3×10-6-13×10-5mol/L,检出限分别为:2.20×10-7mol/L和4.10×10-7mol/L.同时,还对它们的光谱性质如荧光、磷光寿命,偏振等进行了测量.结果显示BSA中色氨酸残基有两种荧光衰减形式,HSA则只有一种衰减形式,它们的磷光属于长寿命磷光,都能引起光的偏振.     

新型吖啶染料-蛋白质光散射体系

研究了四磺酸钠-1,6-己二胺二吖啶(TSHDA)与蛋白质的共振光散射增强作用,建立了一种新的蛋白质共振光散射分析体系。实验考察了吖啶探针浓度、缓冲体系pH对体系共振散射光的影响。在pH=3.0的酸性溶液中,蛋白质分子与TSHDA发生结合作用,共振光散射明显增强,最大散射波长位于460nm,体系散射强度随着探针浓度的增加而增大,蛋白质测定线性范围为0.2—1.2μg/mL,检出限9.7ng/mL。分析了血清蛋白合成样品,浓度为0.4—0.8μg/mL的样品测定回收率为97.5%—103.3%,相对标准偏差1.2%—2.6%。     

孔雀石绿-锌(Ⅱ)-牛血清白蛋白的共振光散射及其分析应用

基于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)使孔雀石绿(MG)-锌(Ⅱ)配合物体系的共振光散射光谱(RLS)信号增强,建立了一种测定痕量蛋白质的新方法。探讨了pH、MG浓度、金属离子浓度、共存物质等因素对共振光散射强度的影响。在优化实验条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为0.1—25μg/mL,检出限0.06μg/mL,运用该方法对合成样品加标回收测定,结果满意。     

双核铜（Ⅱ）-β-丙氨酸缩水杨醛席夫碱配合物与血清蛋白相互作用的共振瑞利散射光谱

合成了双核铜-β-丙氨酸缩水杨醛席夫碱配合物([Cu2(HL)2](NO3)2·2H2O,简称CuL).在与血清白蛋白相互作用的过程中,发现它们结合会引起蛋白共振瑞利散射(RRs)的急剧增强.最大RRS峰位于470/470nm.对体系的适宜反应条件、影响因素及散射强度与蛋白质浓度的关系进行了研究.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,蛋白质浓度与散射强度成正比.该方法有较高的灵敏度,对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清蛋白(HSA)的检测范围为5.0-30.5ng/mL.考察了共存物质的干扰影响,并对蛋白质合成样品和实际样品进行分析,结果满意.     

新的光散射体系测定蛋白质的研究

以1,6-己二胺二吖啶为荧光探针,建立了一种新的蛋白质共振散射检测体系。实验考察了该吖啶荧光探针的共振散射特征光谱、散射反应稳定性,研究了缓冲介质pH、探针浓度等参数对测定蛋白质的影响。结果表明,当pH 8.9时,1,6-己二胺二吖啶染料的散射波长为470 nm;加入BSA,反应约9 min后,体系光散射强度达到最大并维持稳定,2 h内无明显变化。当1,6-己二胺二吖啶探针(浓度1.00×10-4mol·L-1)用量为3.00 mL时,蛋白质与1,6-己二胺二吖啶的光散射增强作用显著,共振散射强度随着BSA的增加而明显增强,光散射强度与蛋白质浓度成良好线性关系,线性浓度范围为1.00～5.00 μg·mL-1,检测限(3σ/K)为0.085 μg·mL-1。测定了血清样品,浓度为2.00～4.00 μg·mL-1,回收率为98.0%～101.7%,测定偏差小于1.7％。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.