光学薄膜诱导偏振像差对大数值孔径光学系统聚焦特性的影响

大数值孔径光学系统表面光线的入射角较大, 会导致薄膜的偏振分离, 诱发偏振像差, 影响光学系统的聚焦特性. 本文利用矢量光衍射理论, 建立了光学薄膜各参量与光学系统聚焦光场的模型. 利用该模型分析了线偏振光入射时, 光学薄膜对光学系统聚焦光斑的扰动. 在此基础上, 探讨了应用了不同约束条件下得到的光学薄膜对最终聚焦光场的影响, 确定了减小薄膜扰动光学系统光斑的设计方法, 即额外添加透射率差和位相差的约束条件, 并且适当增加位相差约束的权重. 利用该方法优化设计的薄膜, 相比于普通减反膜而言, 对系统聚焦光场中心强度的提升可达约12.5%.     

高数值孔径系统多重初级像差对高斯光束的影响（英文）

为了揭示高数值孔径光学系统在多重初级像差共同作用时受到的影响,基于衍射理论,研究了多重初级像差,特别是彗差、象散和球差对汇聚高斯光束的影响效果.通过数值模拟计算,获得了在彗差、象散和球差共同作用下,汇聚高斯光束在焦平面处光斑的光强分布,发现多重像差对聚焦光斑的影响并非各单像差影响效果的简单叠加.通过对高数值孔径光学系统激光焦斑的实际测量,发现其光强分布特点与数值模拟结果具有高度的一致性.研究结果对于评估与分析实际的光学系统具有一定的指导意义.     

不同数值孔径下调控矢量光束聚焦场的反向构建

根据电磁辐射理论和矢量光场积分理论,研究了矢量光束聚焦场特性与聚焦透镜数值孔径之间的关系。在透镜焦场区设定电偶极子阵列和磁偶极子阵列,收集其辐射场并反向聚焦,通过调控与优化偶极子阵列参数,反演不同数值孔径透镜下的聚焦光场,获得了聚焦光针场、三维衍射受限光管场随透镜数值孔径的变化规律。研究结果表明,随着数值孔径的减小,光针场的纵向分量纯度、边缘斜率以及光针长度递减,半峰全宽递增,光管场依旧保持纯方位角偏振分布,且中空区域的半峰全宽递增。研究结果对在不同数值孔径下矢量光束聚焦的应用研究具有重要意义。     

受激发射损耗显微中空心损耗光的光强分布优化研究

受激发射损耗显微技术(STED)作为一种远场超分辨显微成像技术,具有几十纳米甚至几纳米的空间分辨率,是细胞生物学等研究领域的重要成像工具。圆环形空心损耗光在物镜焦点附近的光场强度分布对STED空间分辨率起决定性作用。在高数值孔径物镜聚焦下,光场的偏振态会对聚焦光场的强度分布产生显著的影响,此外,显微系统的轴外像差会严重破坏空心损耗光焦斑的中心对称性。基于矢量衍射理论,理论模拟了在高数值孔径物镜聚焦条件下,入射涡旋光的偏振态和光学系统中的彗差和像散对空心损耗光焦场强度分布的影响。实验上使用纯相位型空间光调制器来校准光学系统相差,优化变形的损耗光,利用纳米探针扫描焦点区域,测量了其焦场强度分布。测量结果与由矢量稍微理论观测的结果一致。     

基于视觉原理和流体力学法的全息光镊三维光阱刚度测量

为了检测全息光镊的捕获能力,将基于视觉原理的光学测量系统用于全息光镊三维光阱刚度的测量.光学系统采用对称分布的双光源照射样品池,形成两个像点,通过跟踪像点位移获取被全息光镊捕获微球的三维位移信息.结合流体力学法测出本光学系统中单、双光阱的三维光阱刚度.实验结果表明:单光阱中,沿X、Y水平方向光阱刚度相差不大,而轴向光阱刚度落在水平方向的1/3~1/4范围;双光阱中,离光轴(即衍射中心)近的光阱其三维刚度要比距离光轴稍远的光阱要大,说明越靠近衍射中心,光的衍射效率越高,产生的光阱捕获能力也越强.     

椭圆高斯光束产生近似无衍射Bessel-Gauss光

研究了轴棱锥聚焦像散椭圆高斯光束的光场分布特性,根据菲涅耳衍射积分理论导出了椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥衍射后的光场分布,通过数值积分给出椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥聚焦后的近轴光场强度分布情况,将其与圆高斯光束产生的近似Bessel-Gauss场进行比较,发现椭圆高斯光束经轴棱锥聚焦后的光束在一定的传播距离内也具有无衍射特性,且轴上光强分布与圆高斯光束产生的Bessel-Gauss光束的轴上光强分布具有相似的形式,而这种无衍射光场的强度在垂直于光轴的平面上不再是柱对称分布。根据近轴球面波产生近似Bessel光束的最大无衍射距离公式计算了椭圆Bessel-Gauss光束在子午面和弧矢面上的最大无衍射距离,整个光束的无衍射距离由入射到轴棱锥上的椭圆光斑短轴方向的尺寸决定。     

高阶矢量光束高数值孔径聚焦特性的研究

本文利用Richards-Wolf矢量衍射积分模型对-2到4阶的贝塞尔型 矢量光束经高数值孔径聚焦后焦平面处的光强分布进行了理论仿真和特性研究, 并对矢量光束的聚焦场在真空下俘获玻璃小球的梯度力分布进行了仿真. 结果表明聚焦场的形状、尺度及各分量的变化与矢量光束的阶数有密切关系, 且具有特定的规律; 此外, 聚焦场的梯度力分布与矢量光束的阶数也有密切关系,并且具有多种不同形状和尺度的光陷阱.     

散射光彩色数字全息光学系统及波面重建算法研究

令物体表面为散射面,参考光及重建光为球面波,详细研究了离轴数字全息物光场重建平面的光波场.导出物光、共轭物光及零级衍射光分布与光学系统参数的关系.根据彩色数字全息的特点,提出抑制零级衍射干扰的光学系统设计方法,并且对一种能够避免插值误差的波面重建算法进行了优化研究,给出了相应的实验证明.     

偏心和倾斜光学系统的像差特性

运用一种新的分析偏心和倾斜光学系统初级像差特性的方法—矢量像差理论,分析了具有较大交叉倾斜角的平行平板光学系统和具有较大倾斜角的光楔光学系统的像差特性.通过ZEMAX光学设计软件像差分析功能中的垂轴像差曲线、场曲曲线和点列图加以比较,两者非常吻合,证明该理论可以对具有较大倾斜元件的非共轴光学系统设计起指导作用.     

便于计算高焦光学系统的OTF的较精确算式

本文从基尔霍夫衍射积分公式出发,在弱于菲涅耳条件的近似下,以高斯像面的像差量及系统的离焦量为参变量,导出了便于计算离焦光学系统的OTF的普遍算式。利用此算式,只需通过光线追迹得出高斯像面上的像差分布,便可求得对应一系列离焦量的实际像面上的OTF值,而不必对每一实际像面进行像差计算。对于研究光学系统在不同离焦状态下的OTF的变化规律,本算式是方便的。最后,给出了衍射受限系统处于离焦状态下轴上OTF的计算实例。     

The elliptical elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beam and its propagation through aligned and misaligned paraxial optical systems

A new kind of laser beam called the elliptical elegant Laguerre–Gaussian beam (EELGB) is defined by using tensor method. By using the generalized diffraction integral formulas for light beam passing through paraxial optical system, the analytical propagation formulas for EELGB passing through paraxial aligned and misaligned optical systems are obtained through vector integration. As examples of applications, the propagation properties of EELGBs in free space propagation and through a misaligned thin lens are studied.     

The connection of geometrical optics with the propagation of gaussian beams and the theory of optical resonators

The propagation of light near the axis of astigmatic optical systems may be described by the geometrical-optics approximation with the aid of ray-matrices. The application of the theory of diffraction to the propagation of light in such systems leads to integrals containing essentially the elements of the ray-matrices as parameters. The ABCD-law is derived by evaluating these integrals for gaussian beams. Integral equations applicable to astigmatic optical resonators, having nearly vanishing diffraction losses, are set up. They are only valid under certain conditions, which are comprehensively discussed. The eigensolutions and the eigenvalues of these integral equations are given. The spot-sizes at the resonator mirrors are derived from the eigensolutions, and the eigenvalues lead to the resonance condition. Spot-sizes and resonance condition appear as functions of the elements of the characteristic resonator matrices. The methods described here are applied to the propagation of gaussian beams through gas-lenses and to a resonator containing an internal gas-lens.     

Effects of recording wavelength on three-dimensional vector holograms in photoreactive liquid crystal composites

Effects of recording wavelength on the recently proposed (Sasaki, 2008) three-dimensional vector holograms, in which the optical anisotropy is three-dimensionally modulated, are presented experimentally and theoretically. The polarization states of the interference light are three-dimensionally modulated due to both the polarization interference and optical anisotropy in the recording medium. These spatial distributions of the polarization states and the resulting diffraction properties in the three-dimensional vector holograms are strongly dependent on the recording wavelength. Theoretical consideration based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method reveals the mechanism of the optical characteristics of the three-dimensional vector holograms recorded by various kinds of light sources with different wavelengths.     

Propagation of elliptical cosh-Gaussian beams in a misaligned optical system

On the basis of the generalized diffraction integral formula for misaligned optical systems in spatial domain, an analytical propagation expression for the elliptical cosh-Gaussian beam (EChGB) passing through misaligned optical systems is obtained by using vector integration. Some numerical simulations are illustrated for the propagation properties of an EChGB through a misaligned optical transforming system with a misaligned thin lens. As an application example, the propagation of off-axial EChGBs passing through misaligned optical systems is studied, and further extensions are also pointed out.     

An improved vector model for analyzing the diffraction field of sub-wavelength diffractive optical elements

An improved vector model to analyze the diffraction field of sub-wavelength diffractive optical elements is proposed. Based on the pioneer model put forward by Prof. M. Mansuripur, the Fresnel formula is further applied in our work to calculate the transmitted light field. A revised model is built, the updated vector diffraction formula is deduced and a computing example is given. Compared with Mansuripur's method, our method leads to results closer to those obtained by finite-difference time domain (FDTD), which is always considered as a more rigorous algorithm. Therefore, this paper provides the practical and fast algorithm for computing the diffraction light field of sub-wavelength diffractive optical elements.     

Inversion of visible optical extinction data for spheroid particle size distribution based on PCA

The problem of light scattering properties of spheroid particles is studied, and a general approach is presented for calculating the single particle light scattering of spheroids. In this approach, the extinction efficiency of spheroid particles can be calculated by combining the spline interpolation of T matrix method and ADA (anomalous diffraction approximation) theory. Furthermore, the retrieval of spheroid particle size distribution is performed in the dependent mode and a selection method about the optical extinction data is proposed based on PCA (principle component analysis) of first derivative corresponding to the raw optical extinction. By calculating the contribution rate of first derivative corresponding to the raw optical extinction, the optical extinction with more significant features can be selected as the inversion optical extinction data. In this way, the selected optical extinction has less information redundancy and higher capacity of resisting noise disturbance. Simulation experiments indicate that the spheroid particle size distributions obtained with the proposed method coincide fairly well with the given distributions, which provides a simple, reliable and efficient method to retrieve the spheroid particle size distribution using the optical extinction data.     

Collinear diffraction of divergent optical beams

Two variants of anisotropic collinear diffraction of light on a sinusoidal diffraction grating are studied theoretically with forth and back light scattering relative to the direction of the incident beam. For both variants, two-dimensional transfer functions are calculated and their modification with optical wavelength and diffraction grating period is analyzed. The dependence of integral diffraction efficiency and filter passband on optical beam divergence is examined.     

Measurement of 3-D displacement of cambered mirror of cryogenic optical system using white light speckle method

We report a method measuring 3-D displacement of cambered mirror for cryogenic optical system using white light speckle photography with double light sources and double cameras. Data acquiring and processing based on a digital image processing system is described. The 3-D displacement and displacement vector distributions in two low-temperature ranges are measured.     

Modulated optical vortices

Single-beam optical gradient force traps created by focusing helical modes of light are known as optical vortices. Modulating the helical pitch of such a mode's wave front yields a new class of optical traps whose dynamically reconfigurable intensity distributions provide new opportunities for controlling motion in mesoscopic systems. An implementation of modulated optical vortices based on the dynamic holographic optical tweezer technique is described.     

Transient chaos in optical metamaterials

We investigate the dynamics of light rays in two classes of optical metamaterial systems: (1) time-dependent system with a volcano-shaped, inhomogeneous and isotropic refractive-index distribution, subject to external electromagnetic perturbations and (2) time-independent system consisting of three overlapping or non-overlapping refractive-index distributions. Utilizing a mechanical-optical analogy and coordinate transformation, the wave-propagation problem governed by the Maxwell's equations can be modeled by a set of ordinary differential equations for light rays. We find that transient chaotic dynamics, hyperbolic or nonhyperbolic, are common in optical metamaterial systems. Due to the analogy between light-ray dynamics in metamaterials and the motion of light in matter as described by general relativity, our results reinforce the recent idea that chaos in gravitational systems can be observed and studied in laboratory experiments.