高师“化学教学论实验”教学变革研究

基于师范生专业能力提升和"化学教学论实验"教学存在对学生实验研究能力、创新能力和教学能力培养不足的现状,实施教学变革研究。通过开展以疑难实验为主题的研究性设计和实验教学活动,提升学生教学研究意识和能力,并在实践中全面提升师范生专业能力。     

高校师范生化学教学设计课程学习的问题及对策研究*

提高师范生的教学设计能力是师范生培养的重要内容。选取了1所省属师范院校的卓越教师计划师范生为研究对象,从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教学过程、板书设计等6个维度对师范生化学教学设计的现状进行调查,发现经过化学教学设计课程的学习,师范生在“学情分析”和“板书设计”2个维度上的整体水平较其他维度仍然很低。针对存在的问题探讨了提升师范生培养质量的对策,为推动师范生培养质量的持续改进提供参考。     

PCKg理论及其对化学师范生教育教学的启示

基于舒尔曼学科教学知识（Pedagogical Content Knowledge,简称PCK）概念和科克伦的学科教学识知理论（PCKg）,提出在化学师范生教育教学中,应重视化学知识与教育教学知识的整合;引导师范生关注学生的相异构想;培养师范生调控学习环境的能力;重视化学专业师范生PCKg的动态建构。     

中学化学实验研究课程的实验-教学相结合三阶段教学模式初探 ——基于免费师范生化学实验教学能力现状调查

从免费师范生职前化学实验教学能力培养出发,提出以提高从教技能为目标的实验．教学相结合的三阶段实验教学模式;基于对免费师范生化学实验教学能力的调查,提出实施这种教学模式的建议,并对师范生在学习中应注意的问题进行了简要的分析。     

关注职前化学教师实践性知识的主题教学研修——以师范生“化学肥料”课堂教学为例

为了探索职前化学教师实践性知识生成的指导和培养,由化学师范生、化学教学论教师和初高中化学教师组成的教师学习共同体开展主题教学研修。在关注师范生试教“化学肥料”的基础上,从不同角度开展评析和指导。基于共同体的研修活动指出化学师范生应回归学科知识,职前指导需要多元化补充,来自不同层面的师生组成学习共同体利于共同成长。该活动从实践层面开拓教师教育课程改革的新方向。     

基于GR编码的学生论证活动过程分析——以“化学教学论实验”教学为例

论证教学是当前国际科学教育教学的热点领域。论文采用准实验设计,使用混合研究方法,在“化学教学论实验”课程中对学生进行了为期一学期的教学实践过程。实验组开展论证式教学的实践活动,并采用GR编码方式细致地分析学生科学论证活动的过程。研究结果表明,论证教学可以显著提高化学师范生的科学论证能力,并提高化学实验课程的学习兴趣。     

高师“中学化学实验教学技能训练”课程教学现状调查与分析*

实验教学能力是化学教师专业发展的重要标志。“中学化学实验教学技能训练”课程是化学师范生必修的综合性实验教学训练课程,对化学师范生实验教学技能的培养有着至关重要的作用。研究从“中学化学实验教学技能训练”课程的总体评价、学习态度、教学方式和评价方式以及学习困难等方面对化学师范生进行了调查分析。针对发现的问题,提出统筹课程设置、明确课程价值、建立学习共同体、加强实验思维训练等教学建议。     

化学专业公费师范生第二课堂建设的探索和实践——以北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团为例

北京师范大学化学学院对化学专业公费师范生的培养目标是面向全国各级各类中学培养卓越化学教师。但目前公费师范生培养存在低年级公费师范生主动摄取教师教育知识的意愿不强,高年级公费师范生无法快速适应自身从学生向职前教师的角色转变等问题。通过将北京师范大学化学学院卓越化学教师社团纳入公费师范生第二课堂,针对不同年级的学生开展分类别的、有针对性的教师教育活动,以实现“一、二课堂”互通共融,协同育人。2018至2019学年期间卓越化学教师社团活动的开展情况及有关成效,证明这种形式符合北京师范大学化学学院对公费师范生的培养要求,有助于在第一课堂学习的基础上提升公费师范生的各项能力。这种把社团作为第二课堂培养公费师范生的形式,对培养各专业公费师范生均具有一定的参考价值。     

高师“化学教学论实验”课程项目化学习的教学实践探索

立足于教学实践,探讨了"自主、合作、探究"模式下高师"化学教学论实验"课程中项目化学习的设计思路、实施模式和实施程序。教学实践说明将项目化学习应用于"化学教学论实验"课程,能够有效提升化学师范生的实验教学能力。     

化学师范生对化学本质及其教学的认识研究

使用问卷调查法与访谈法,以广东某高校的化学师范生为样本,测查了30名化学师范生对化学本质的认识状况、教学意愿及教学策略。结果表明,（1）师范生对化学本质（包括化学知识的性质、来源、论证、评价等维度）的认识主要体现了辩证唯物主义取向;（2）师范生仅在对个别化学本质维度的认识上涉及到化学的学科专属性;（3）师范生有进行化学本质教学的意愿并能阐述原因,但缺乏进行化学本质教学的策略。据此对我国化学师范生教育及其研究提出相关建议。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。