制备聚合物基/纳米SiO2复合材料的几种方法

聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料由于兼具无机二氧化硅和有机硅的特性而具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米SiO2和有机硅聚合物有效地复合,形成无机-聚合物复合材料,是一个非常活跃的领域。本文总结了几种常用的制备聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料的方法。     

制备聚合物基无机纳米SiO_2复合材料的几种方法

聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料由于兼具无机二氧化硅和有机硅的特性而具有广阔的应用前景。将纳米SiO2和有机硅聚合物有效地复合,形成无机-聚合物复合材料,是一个非常活跃的领域。本文总结了几种常用的制备聚合物基纳米SiO2复合材料的方法。     

纳米SiO2的表面处理及其在聚合物基纳米复合材料中的应用进展

简要介绍了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粒子的制备方法、结构和特性,对近年来国内外纳米SiO2的表面处理方法及聚合物/SiO2纳米复合材料的制备方法进行了阐述,并针对不同改性方法和制备方法的特点加以分析比较;讨论了SiO2粒子的分散机理和增强机理,并对未来的研究内容及方向提出展望。     

PTFE/纳米SiO2复合材料的制备及其力学性能

聚合物／纳米级无机粒子复合材料是纳米材料中的一种具有重要价值的新型材料,可广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、纤维三大合成材料之中。采用纳米级无机粒子填充聚合物基复合材料,可以在材料的补强、增韧等改性中获得良好的效果。本文以纳米SiO2为填料,将其经过有机处理后,制备了FIFE／纳米SiO2复合材料,并研究了纳米SiO2的含量对PTFE复合材料性能的影响。     

原子转移自由基聚合接枝改性纳米SiO2的研究进展

纳米SiO2粒子极易团聚,在有机介质中难以均匀分散,从而大大地限制了其优异性能的发挥,有必要对其进行化学改性处理。原子转移自由基聚合(atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP)是对纳米SiO2粒子进行接枝改性的一种有效途径,通过ATRP对纳米SiO2粒子进行表面改性,可以制备集无机纳米粒子和聚合物的优点于一身的SiO2-聚合物复合材料,且接枝链的长度及分子量分布可控,拓展了纳米SiO2的应用领域。本文主要综述了ATRP、RATRP(reverse ATRP)、AGET ATRP(activators generated by electron transferATRP)和ARGET ATRP(activators regenerated by electron transfer ATRP)方法对纳米SiO2接枝改性的研究现状。     

SiO2交联剂交联MMA聚合制备PMMA/SiO2纳米复合材料

用SiO2交联剂(SiO2HPA)交联甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)自由基聚合制备PMMA SiO2纳米复合材料。采用两步法将可聚合乙烯基单体以化学键的形式键接到SiO2表面合成SiO2交联剂,首先利用过量的甲苯2,4二异氰酸酯(TDI)对SiO2纳米粒子表面进行化学修饰合成出表面带有高反应活性NCO基团的功能化SiO2粒子(SiO2TDI),SiO2TDI与丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)反应合成SiO2交联剂。系统研究了MMA单体与SiO2交联剂投料比及聚合时间对聚合反应的影响。此外,利用红外光谱(FT IR)、DSC、TGA、可见光光谱仪等实验手段对纳米复合材料进行了表征分析。结果表明,纳米SiO2粒子在复合材料中起着物理交联点和化学交联点作用,复合材料玻璃化转变温度(Tg)明显地高于其纯PMMA的玻璃化转变温度,随着纳米SiO2粒子含量的增加,复合材料玻璃化温度升高,而透明度明显降低。     

团聚纳米SiO_2在苯乙烯乳液聚合过程中的再分散过程及机理

用二氧化硅 (SiO2 )存在下的乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯 (PSt) 纳米SiO2 复合材料 ,研究了苯乙烯(St)乳液聚合过程中团聚纳米SiO2 的解离与再分散过程及分散的机理 .发现商品纳米SiO2 粒子以团聚体形式存在 ,团聚体大小远超出纳米级范围 .随聚合时间的延长 ,St的转化率逐渐增加 ,而PSt SiO2 复合微胶囊的粒径逐渐减小 ,反应 12 0min后 ,转化率和复合微胶囊粒子的粒径趋于稳定 .透射电镜 (TEM)也显示PSt SiO2 复合微胶囊粒子具有海岛结构 ,而SiO2 粒子的粒径在纳米范围内 ,表明在乳液聚合过程中SiO2 团聚体被逐渐解离 ,并重新分散到纳米尺度 .红外光谱研究发现 ,在乳液聚合过程中 ,除生成PSt均聚物外 ,还在纳米SiO2 表面生成了PSt接枝共聚物 ,改善了无机纳米粒子与聚合物之间的界面相容性 .聚合过程中的反应热和剪切搅拌是团聚体被解离和重新分散的主要原因 ,而生成的聚合物起到隔离作用     

ATRP法在纳米SiO2表面接枝PBA及其对POM的改性

本论文研究了原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)在纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)表面接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)以及其对聚甲醛（POM）进行改性。红外光谱（FTIR）、透射电镜(TEM)及凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）等测试表明：采用ATRP法可制备均匀分散的SiO2-g-PBA纳米复合粒子。力学性能、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试表明：纳米SiO2在POM中团聚明显,而SiO2-g-PBA纳米复合粒子POM中分散均匀,导致POM/SiO2-g-PBA纳米复合材料的缺口冲击强度明显高于POM及POM/SiO复合材料,当SiO2-g-PBA纳米复合粒子的质量分数为2%时,POM/SiO2-g-PBA复合材料的冲击强度是POM的8倍多,同时拉伸强度有一定的增加。     

聚丙烯酸丁酯接枝的纳米SiO2对聚甲醛的改性

采用原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)制备了纳米复合粒子SiO2-g-PBA,并以此对聚甲醛(POM)进行改性. 通过红外光谱、热失重分析、透射电子显微镜及扫描电子显微镜等分析技术进行了表征. 结果,SiO2-g-PBA在POM中分散均匀,使POM/SiO2-g-PBA复合材料的缺口冲击强度明显高于POM及POM/ SiO2复合材料. 当SiO2-g-PBA纳米复合粒子的质量分数为2%时,POM/SiO2-g-PBA复合材料的冲击强度达71.2 kJ/m2,较纯POM提高了7倍多,同时拉伸强度也有一定的提高,达到68.1 MPa.     

水蒸气沉淀法制备SiO2/偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物复合微孔型聚合物电解质的研究

用水蒸气沉淀法制备了SiO2 偏氟乙烯 六氟丙烯共聚物 [P(VDF HFP) ]复合微孔型聚合物电解质 ,并研究了纳米SiO2 的加入对微孔结构及复合微孔型聚合物电解质性能的影响 .SEM观察发现当纳米SiO2 的添加量大于 0 1倍聚合物质量时 ,可以在微孔中观察到纳米粒子的严重团聚现象 .电导率的测量表明添加 0 0 5倍聚合物质量的纳米SiO2 后 ,微孔型聚合物电解质的电导率有明显提高 ,但进一步增大添加量后 ,电导率有所下降 .另外 ,实验发现添加纳米SiO2 可以明显提高微孔型聚合物电解质与锂金属电极之间的界面稳定性 ,特别是添加量为 0 0 5倍聚合物质量时的效果良好 .     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.