利用原子力显微镜探针的扫帚机理制备胶原蛋白纳米纤维阵列

利用原子力显微镜能够在微观尺度上对样品材料进行操控和加工的特性,发现并考察了一种自上而下的生物大分子纳米纤维阵列的制备方法。将50μg/mL的天然I型鼠尾胶原蛋白溶液在云母晶面上形成胶原蛋白膜层,接着在原子力显微镜的接触模式下,利用探针对溶液中的胶原蛋白膜层施加100~1000 nN的力时,可以将膜层加工成具有特定取向的蛋白纳米纤维阵列。单根纤维的高度约2~5 nm,宽度在150~350 nm之间。根据纳米纤维阵列的结构与探针扫描方式的关系,对探针的制样原理进行了探讨,验证了原子力显微镜接触模式下的“分子扫帚”机理。此制备方法为生产细胞培养器皿、制备高特异性的生物探针,合成新型微纳材料提供了一种可行技术。     

使用原子力显微镜观察DNA与PEI的层层自组装过程

选择了DNA与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)进行相互作用,使用AFM直观地观察DNA与PEI层层自组装时其分子形貌的变化过程,总结了自组装过程中薄膜表面粗糙度的变化规律.同时详细地分析了离子浓度、DNA浓度、基底和固定方法对层层自组装膜的影响,以此来探讨DNA与PEI之间的相互作用机理.研究结果表明上述因素都会对膜的形貌产生影响,其中以云母作为基底,PEI处理基底表面后,再进行交替组装时,膜的表面粗糙度变化呈现出锯齿状的增长趋势,而用其他方法会影响膜的形貌以及粗糙度的变化规律.     

原子力显微镜在高分子领域的应用

原子力显微镜在其发现不久即应用于高分子领域,弥补了扫描隧显微镜不能观测非导电样品的缺欠,因而受到重视,应用范围也不断扩展。最近几年,原子力显微镜的应用已由对聚合物表面几何形貌的观测发展到深入研究高分子的米级结构和表面性能等新领域,并由此导出了若干新概念和新方法。本文仅对当前原子力显微镜应用于高分子和高分子材料研究的几个重要方面举例进行介绍。     

谷胱甘肽在汞表面吸附与自组装行为的原子力显微镜研究

用原子力显微镜研究谷胱甘肽（GSH）在汞表面的吸附与自组装状态。谷胱甘肽在汞表面首先形成非均匀地堡状吸附体,大部分单个吸附体高约10-13mn,半高直径约20nm。约每6个单吸附体以近似等边三角形形态自组装成一簇。随着吸附时间的延长,GSH可在汞表面自组装成约15nm的多分子层紧密层。与此同时,在紧密吸附层上可自组装成高约90—170nm、半高直径约130nm的特大吸附簇。     

原子力显微镜

<正>德国Bruker MultiMode 8型原子力显微镜德国Bruker MultiMode 8型原子力显微镜(AFM)的系统配置为MultiMode 8型主系统+NanoScope V型控制器,是全球噪音最低,分辨率最高的扫描探针显微镜;其采样速度高达6 MH,可同时进行8通道实时数据采集和成像;能对高分子、生物、化工、食品、医药等各种材料和样品进行纳米区域的物理性质包括形貌进行探测,或者直接进行纳米操纵;被测样品可为导体、半导体或绝缘体,不需要对被测样品作特殊处理,对样品损害     

原子力显微镜对细胞色素C分子结构的形态研究

用原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同浓度下细胞色素C的分子形态,以及加入蛋白质降聚和变性剂脲后的形态变化进行了考察。实验结果显示,在50μmol/L的低浓度溶液中细胞色素C分子主要以直径为3nm的类球形单体形式存在。浓度增大,细胞色素C分子发生聚集,且随着浓度的进一步增大,细胞色素C分子倾向于形成更大的聚集体。浓度为200μmol/L时,聚集体分子间相互缠绕,形成链状结构。浓度低于0.8mol/L的脲的加入基本不影响细胞色素C分子的形态。加入较高浓度的脲,细胞色素C聚集体的聚集数降低,聚集体分子间没有明显的链状结构。     

用原子力显微镜操纵碳纳米管的研究

使用原子力显微镜,在接触模式下实现了对单壁碳纳米管束的各种可控操纵,包括弯折、切割和劈裂等.发现操纵结果与针尖作用力以及碳纳米管束在基底表面的受力状况有关.当碳纳米管在一定程度上被固定在表面上时,能够可控地完成各种操纵；当针尖作用力足够大时,碳管束能够被针尖劈裂.这种操纵技术将有助于碳纳米管特性的测试和纳米电子器件的构筑.     

原子力显微镜的基本原理及应用

先进的测试表征技术是认识微观世界的重要手段，对于尺度和维度观的培养具有重要意义。不同于传统光学显微镜和电子显微镜，原子力显微镜是通过其探针原子与样品的表面原子的作用力来实现对样品表面形貌观测的。简述了原子力显微镜的基本原理和基本构造，阐释了其核心部件及功能。原子力显微镜主要有4种工作模式，比较了它们的优劣及应用范围。最后对原子力显微镜在分析测试中的实际应用进行了简述，展现了原子力显微镜的优越性与广阔的应用前景。     

原子力显微镜技术对生物样品的研究

评述了近几年原子力显微镜在生物样品中的应用情况。主要涉及利用原子力显微镜研究核酸,包括脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸、蛋白质、核酸与蛋白质复合物、细胞和病毒等5个方面的最新进展。     

石墨及金红石的原子力显微镜研究

1986年,Binnig等人研制出第一台原子力显微镜(AFM),这是在扫描隧道显微镜基础之上发展起来的又一种表面分析仪器。它通过探测针尖与被测物质表面原子之间微弱的相互作用力,可以实时地得到物质的表面形貌。     

AN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY ON THE AGGREGATION OF ISOTACTIC POLY（METHYL METHACRYLATE）

Aggregation process of isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (i-PMMA) has been studied extensively for many years, and considerable progress has been made in both experimental and theoretical studies. They are, however, seldom sustained by real-space observations of the underlying morphology. In this paper, the aggregation process of i-PMMA in concentrated acetone solutions and the fractal structure of the resulting three-dimensional clusters were characterized on the basis of real-space AFM observations of their two-dimensional projection. It was found that spherical multiple-chain particles formed upon collapse and aggregation of the involving chains as a whole during quenching the solution to room temperature. By keeping the solution at room temperature, the initially formed particles stick together upon contact to form larger particles through reassembling very slowly. The succeeding collision of the enlarged spherical particles leads to the formation of small clusters. These newly formed small clusters grow when they meet with other clusters or single Brownian particles. This leads to the formation of large clusters with fractal dimension of 1.95$±0.05, which suggest a reaction-limited cluster aggregation of i-PMMA in a concentrated acetone solution. This is in accordance with the conclusion obtained by light scattering measurements.     

NANOMECHANICAL MAPPING OF CARBON BLACK REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has the advantage of obtaining mechanical properties as well as topographic information at the same time. By analyzing force-distance curves measured over two-dimensional area using Hertzian contact mechanics, Young＇s modulus mapping was obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. Furthermore, the sample deformation by the force exerted was also estimated from the force-distance curve analyses. We could thus reconstruct a real topographic image by incorporating apparent topographic image with deformation image. We applied this method to carbon black reinforced natural rubber to obtain Young＇s modulus distribution image together with reconstructed real topographic image. Then we were able to recognize three regions; rubber matrix, carbon black （or bound rubber） and intermediate regions. Though the existence of these regions had been investigated by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, this paper would be the first to report on the quantitative evaluation of the interfacial region in real space.     

OBSERVATION OF DNA PARTIAL DENATURATION BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the DNA-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) complexes adsorbed on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). These complexes, at low concentrations, can automatically spread out on the surface of HOPG. The DNA-CTAB complexes display a typically extended structure rather than a globular structure. Partially denaturated DNA produced by binding CTAB to DNA is directly observed by AFM with high resolution. The three-dimensional resolution of partially denaturated DNA obtained by AFM is not available by any other technique at present.     

MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-CHAIN POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) PARTICLES*

Tapping mode atomic force microscope has been applied to observe single-chain PMMAparticles which were stored for six months at room temperature after sprayed from verydilute solutions in good solvents, good/poor mixed solvents, and a theta solvent. Monodis-perse PMMA standards of molecular weights ranging from 7.90×10~4 to 1.3×10~6 wereused to investigate the effect of molecular weight oh the size of the single-chain PMMAparticles. These single-chain particles showed close to spherical shapes. The morphologyof single-chain PMMA particles of a given molecular weight was found to be identical inspite of different solvents used for solution spraying. Molecular weigh dependence of theparticle dimension was also found. The diameters of single-chain PMMA particles aftercorrection of tlp-geometry effect were compared to the values estimated from molecularweight and density.     

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF POLYCAPROLACTONE RINGED SPHERULITES*

The surface morphology of free-surface PCL ringed spherulites was investigated by using atomic forcemicroscopy. The spherulites were obtained by crystallization of PCL/PVC blends of different compositions. It was found thatthe ringed spherulite exhibited regularly fluctuating rings on its surface. Compared with the bright-dark ring pattern of thespherulite under a polarizing microscope, it was proved that the optical characteristics of the ringed spherulite underpolarizing microscope coincided with its surface characteristics. The bright rings in polarizing micrographs of the spherulite coincided with the convex rings on its surface, while the dark rings coincided with the concave rings.     

原子力显微镜原位观察球晶界面上片晶的生长

当结晶聚合物由熔融冷却或从浓溶液中析出结晶时 ,在不存在应力和流动的情况下 ,一般形成球晶 .球晶在一定的生长时期内呈现球形外观 ,在偏光显微镜下通常呈现Maltese黑十字消光图样 .球晶作为一种常见的结晶形态 ,由片晶堆积而成[1,2 ] .Keith和Padden认为形成球晶的体系包含杂质和聚合物链 ,由于杂质在片晶生长界面的富集导致片晶产生小角度分叉 ,这样片晶能填满球状的空间[1,2 ] .近年来的研究表明球晶是由一个片晶开始生长 ,片晶在生长过程中不断的诱导成核使片晶分叉 ,首先形成片晶捆束 ,然后片晶向各个方向发散生长 ,最终形成球晶[3…     

原子荧光光度法测定化妆品中微量汞

用浸提法处理化妆品样品 (不含腊质 ) ,原子荧光法测定微量汞 ,选择了最佳试验条件 ,检出限为 0 .0 32ng·ml- 1,加标回收率为 87.1%～ 113.0 % ,进行了大量样品的测定 ,结果满意。     

电子显微镜方法测定聚丙烯酰胺的分子量及分子量分布

用电子显微镜研究了聚丙烯酰胺的形态结构。将聚合物溶于正丙醇/水的混合溶剂中,用喷雾的方法制得单分子球粒,用电镜测定球柱尺寸,计算其数均,重均分子量及分子量分布。并讨论了沉淀剂/溶剂比例、溶液浓度及喷雾方法对所得结果的影响。     

单分子水平高分子相互作用的AFM成像与单分子力谱研究

结合作者近期的研究工作,重点介绍了如何把原子力显微镜(AFM)成像及单分子力谱结合(包括原位结合或者离位结合)起来,研究高分子之间的相互作用.本文涉及生物高分子(主要是核酸-蛋白质体系)以及合成高分子体系(如聚氧乙烯,PEO)的相关研究工作.对于生物高分子体系,主要以长链核酸(如双螺旋DNA及RNA)为探针,首先利用A...     

Atomic force microscopy investigation of asymmetric diblock copolymer morphologies in thin films

Microphase separation and the resulting morphology of asymmetric diblock copolymers of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in thin films have been investigated by atomic force microscopy. Copolymers consisted of a short block of PCL (M_n∼2500-4500 g/mole) and a longer second block of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene) (PS) or poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO). Tendency for microphase separation above the glass transition temperature of the second block (PMMA, PS or PCHO) resulted in a pitted morphology on the surface of the thin films. This tendency was strongest for PMMA and weakest for PCHO. The presence of up to 54% PMMA homopolymer in PCL-PMMA block copolymer did not prevent the formation of such pitted morphology on the surface. The effect of the chemical structure of the second block and the possible orientations of the block copolymer molecules in thin films are discussed.