Local Definitizability of {{T^{[\ast]}T}} and {{TT^{{[\ast]}}}}

The spectral properties of two products AB and BA of possibly unbounded operators A and B in a Banach space are considered. The results are applied in the comparison of local spectral properties of the operators ${T^{[\ast]} T}$ and ${TT^{[\ast]}}$ in a Krein space. It is shown that under the assumption that both operators ${T^{[\ast]} T}$ and ${TT^{[\ast]}}$ have non-empty resolvent sets, the operator ${T^{[\ast]} T}$ is locally definitizable if and only if ${TT^{[\ast]}}$ is. In this context the critical points of both operators are compared.     

Notes on derivations on algebras of measurable operators

Derivations on algebras of (unbounded) operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebra ? are considered. Let be one of the algebras of measurable operators, of locally measurable operators, and of τ-measurable operators. The von Neumann algebras ? of type I for which any derivation on is inner are completely described in terms of properties of central projections. It is also shown that any derivation on the algebra LS(?) of all locally measurable operators affiliated with a properly infinite von Neumann algebra ? vanishes on the center LS(?).     

Bounds on the non-real spectrum of differential operators with indefinite weights

Ordinary and partial differential operators with an indefinite weight function can be viewed as bounded perturbations of non-negative operators in Krein spaces. Under the assumption that 0 and $\infty $ are not singular critical points of the unperturbed operator it is shown that a bounded additive perturbation leads to an operator whose non-real spectrum is contained in a compact set and with definite type real spectrum outside this set. The main results are quantitative estimates for this set, which are applied to Sturm–Liouville and second order elliptic partial differential operators with indefinite weights on unbounded domains.     

A note on the Fuglede–Putnam theorem

We prove the following generalization of the Fuglede–Puntam theorem. Let N be an unbounded normal operator in the Hilbert space, and let A be an unbounded self-adjoint operator such that $D(N)\subseteq D(A)$ . Then, $ AN\subseteq N^*A \Rightarrow AN^*\subseteq NA.$      

Domination and factorization theorems for positive strongly p-summing operators

The aim of this work is to contribute to the theory of \((p,q)\) -summing operators. We focus on positive \((p,q)\) -summing operators, introduced by Blasco (Collect Math 37(1):13–22, 1986). We characterize their conjugates and provide new domination/factorization theorems for these classes. As an application, it is also shown that certain known results on \((p,q)\) -concave operators from Banach lattices can be lifted to a class of \((q,p)\) -convex operators.     

Composition Operators on the Lipschitz Space of a Tree

The Lipschitz space ${\mathcal{L}}$ of an infinite tree T rooted at o is defined as the space consisting of the functions ${f : T \rightarrow \mathbb{C}}$ such that $$\beta_f = {\rm sup}\{|f(v) - f(v^-)| : v \in T\backslash\{o\}, \,v^- {\rm parent \, of \,} v\}$$ is finite. Under the norm ${\|f\|_\mathcal{L} = |f(o)|+\beta_f,\mathcal{L}}$ is a Banach space. In this article, the functions φ mapping T into itself whose induced composition operator ${C_{\varphi} : f \mapsto f \circ \varphi}$ on the Lipschitz space is bounded, compact, or an isometry, are characterized. Specifically, it is shown that the symbols of the bounded composition operators are the Lipschitz maps of T into itself viewed as a metric space under the edge-counting distance. The symbols inducing compact operators have finite range while those inducing isometries on ${\mathcal{L}}$ are precisely the onto maps fixing the root and whose images of neighboring vertices coincide or are themselves neighboring vertices. Finally, the spectrum of the operators ${C_\varphi}$ that are isometries is studied in detail.     

Symplectic Dolbeault operators on Kähler manifolds

For a Kähler manifold $M$ , the “symplectic Dolbeault operators” are defined using the symplectic spinors and associated Dirac operators, in complete analogy to how the usual Dolbeault operators, $\bar{\partial }$ and $\bar{\partial }^*$ , arise from Dirac operators on the canonical complex spinors on $M$ . We give special attention to two special classes of Kähler manifolds: Riemann surfaces and flag manifolds ( $G/T$ for $G$ a simply-connected compact semisimple Lie group and $T$ a maximal torus). For Riemann surfaces, the symplectic Dolbeault operators are elliptic and we compute their indices. In the case of flag manifolds, we will see that the representation theory of $G$ plays a role and that these operators can be used to distinguish (as Kähler manifolds) between the flag manifolds corresponding to the Lie algebras $B_n$ and $C_n$ . We give a thorough analysis of these operators on $\mathbb{C } P^1$ (the intersection of these classes of spaces), where the symplectic Dolbeault operators have an especially interesting structure.     

L p -theory for second-order elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients in an endpoint class

The m-accretivity and m-sectoriality of the minimal and maximal realizations of second-order elliptic operators of the form ${Au=-{\rm div}(a \nabla u)+F\cdot \nabla u +Vu}$ in ${L^p(\mathbb{R}^N)}$ are shown, where the coefficients a, F and V are unbounded. The result may be regarded as an endpoint assertion of the previous result in Sobajima (J Evol Equ 12:957–971, 2012) and an improvement of that in Metafune et al. (Forum Math 22:583–601, 2010). Moreover, an L ^p -generalization of Kato’s self-adjoint problem in Kato (1981, Appendix 2) is discussed. The proof is based on Sobajima (J Evol Equ 12:957–971, 2012). As examples, the operators ${-\Delta \pm |x|^{\beta-1}x \cdot \nabla +c|x|^{\gamma}}$ are also dealt with, which are mentioned in Metafune et al. (Forum Math 22:583–601, 2010).     

Embeddings of Müntz Spaces: Composition Operators

Given a strictly increasing sequence ${\Lambda = (\lambda_n)}$ of nonnegative real numbers, with ${\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\lambda_n}<\infty}$ , the Müntz spaces ${M_\Lambda^p}$ are defined as the closure in L ^p ([0, 1]) of the monomials ${x^{\lambda_n}}$ . We discuss how properties of the embedding ${M_\Lambda^2\subset L^2(\mu)}$ , where?μ is a finite positive Borel measure on the interval [0, 1], have immediate consequences for composition operators on ${M^2_\Lambda}$ . We give criteria for composition operators to be bounded, compact, or to belong to the Schatten–von Neumann ideals.     

Some new properties of composition operators associated with lens maps

We give examples of results on composition operators connected with lens maps. The first two concern the approximation numbers of those operators acting on the usual Hardy space H ². The last ones are connected with Hardy-Orlicz and Bergman-Orlicz spaces ${H^\psi }$ and ${B^\psi }$ , and provide a negative answer to the question of knowing if all composition operators which are weakly compact on a non-reflexive space are norm-compact.     

On the Dirichlet and Neumann Evolution Operators in ℝ d +

We prove some uniform and pointwise gradient estimates for the Dirichlet and the Neumann evolution operators \(G_{\mathcal {D}}(t,s)\) and \(G_{\mathcal {N}}(t,s)\) associated with a class of nonautonomous elliptic operators (t) with unbounded coefficients defined in I× \(\mathbb{R}_{+}\) (where I is a right-halfline or I=?). We also prove the existence and the uniqueness of a tight evolution system of measures \(\left \{\mu _{t}^{\mathcal {N}}\right \}_{t \in I}\) associated with \(G_{\mathcal {N}}(t,s)\) , which turns out to be sub-invariant for \(G_{\mathcal {D}}(t,s)\) , and we study the asymptotic behaviour of the evolution operators \(G_{\mathcal {D}}(t,s)\) and \(G_{\mathcal {N}}(t,s)\) in the L ^p -spaces related to the system \(\left \{\mu _{t}^{\mathcal {N}}\right \}_{t \in I}\) .     

Operator method for calculating Q symbols and their relation to weyl-wigner symbols and symplectic tomogram symbols

We propose a new method for calculating Husimi symbols of operators. In contrast to the standard method, it does not require using the anti-normal-ordering procedure. According to this method, the coordinate and momentum operators \(\hat q\) and \(\hat p\) are assigned other operators \(\hat X\) and \(\hat P\) satisfying the same commutation relations. We then find the result of acting with the \(\hat X\) and \(\hat P\) operators and also polynomials in these operators on the Husimi function. After the obtained expression is integrated over the phase space coordinates, the integrand becomes a Husimi function times the symbol of the operator chosen to act on that function. We explicitly evaluate the Husimi symbols for operators that are powers of \(\hat X\) or \(\hat P\) .     

Non-Self-Adjoint Resolutions of the Identity and Associated Operators

Closed operators in Hilbert space defined by a non-self-adjoint resolution of the identity \(\{X(\lambda )\}_{\lambda \in {\mathbb R}}\) , whose adjoints constitute also a resolution of the identity, are studied. In particular, it is shown that a closed operator \(B\) has a spectral representation analogous to the familiar one for self-adjoint operators if and only if \(B=\textit{TAT}^{-1}\) where \(A\) is self-adjoint and \(T\) is a bounded inverse.     

Koplienko Trace Formula

Koplienko (Sib Math J 25(5): 735–743, 1984) gave a trace formula for perturbations of self-adjoint operators by operators of Hilbert–Schmidt class ${\mathcal{B}_2(\mathcal{H})}$ . Recently Gesztesy et?al. (Basics Z Mat Fiz Anal Geom 4(1):63–107, 2008) gave an alternative proof of the trace formula when the operators involved are bounded. In this article, we give a still another proof and extend the formula for unbounded case by reducing the problem to a finite dimensional one as in the proof of Krein trace formula by Voiculescu (On a Trace Formula of M. G. Krein. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol. 24, pp. 329–332. Birkhauser, Basel, 1987), Sinha and Mohapatra (Proc Indian Acad Sci (Math Sci) 104(4):819–853, 1994).     

Parabolic Non-Automorphism Induced Toeplitz-Composition C*-Algebras with Piece-wise Quasi-Continuous symbols

In this paper we consider the C*-algebra $C^{*}(\{C_{\varphi }\}\cup \mathcal T (PQC(\mathbb T )))/K(H^{2})$ generated by Toeplitz operators with piece-wise quasi-continuous symbols and a composition operator induced by a parabolic linear fractional non-automorphism symbol modulo compact operators on the Hilbert-Hardy space $H^{2}$ . This C*-algebra is commutative. We characterize its maximal ideal space. We apply our results to the question of determining the essential spectra of linear combinations of a class of composition operators and Toeplitz operators.     

Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Supporting Nontrivial Hermitian Weighted Composition Operators

We characterize those generating functions ${k(z) = \sum_{j=0}^\infty z^j/\beta(j)^2}$ that produce weighted Hardy spaces H ²(β) of the unit disk ${\mathbb D}$ supporting nontrivial Hermitian weighted composition operators. Our characterization shows that the spaces associated with the “classical reproducing kernels” ${z \mapsto (1 - \bar{w}z)^{-\eta}}$ , where ${w \in \mathbb D}$ and η > 0, as well as certain natural extensions of these spaces, are precisely those that are hospitable to Hermitian weighted composition operators. It also leads to a refinement of a necessary condition for a weighted composition to be Hermitian, obtained recently by Cowen, Gunatillake, and Ko, into one that is both necessary and sufficient.     

A gradient estimate on graphs with the $$\varvec{}$$-condition

Let \(\omega \) be an unbounded radial weight on \(\mathbb {C}^d\), \(d\ge 1\). Using results related to approximation of \(\omega \) by entire maps, we investigate Volterra type and weighted composition operators defined on the growth space \(\mathcal {A}^\omega (\mathbb {C}^d)\). Special attention is given to the operators defined on the growth Fock spaces.     

Boundary vs. interior conditions associated with weighted composition operators

Associated with some properties of weighted composition operators on the spaces of bounded harmonic and analytic functions on the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ , we obtain conditions in terms of behavior of weight functions and analytic self-maps on the interior $\mathbb{D}$ and on the boundary $\partial \mathbb{D}$ respectively. We give direct proofs of the equivalence of these interior and boundary conditions. Furthermore we give another proof of the estimate for the essential norm of the difference of weighted composition operators.     

Boundary Behaviour of Universal Taylor Series on Multiply Connected Domains

A holomorphic function on a planar domain \(\Omega \) is said to possess a universal Taylor series about a point \(\zeta \) of \(\Omega \) if subsequences of the partial sums of the Taylor series approximate arbitrary polynomials on arbitrary compact sets in \(\mathbb {C}\backslash \Omega \) that have connected complement. In the case where \(\Omega \) is simply connected, such functions are known to be unbounded and to form a collection that is independent of the choice of \(\zeta \) . This paper uses tools from potential theory to show that, even for domains \(\Omega \) of arbitrary connectivity, such functions are unbounded whenever they exist. In the doubly connected case, a further analysis of boundary behaviour reveals that the collection of such functions can depend on the choice of \(\zeta \) . This phenomenon was previously known only for domains that are at least triply connected. Related results are also established for universal Laurent series.     

On Wilking’s criterion for the Ricci flow

Wilking has recently shown that one can associate a Ricci flow invariant cone of curvature operators $C(S)$ , which are nonnegative in a suitable sense, to every $Ad_{SO(n,\mathbb{C })}$ invariant subset $S \subset \mathbf{so}(n,\mathbb{C })$ . In this article we show that if $S$ is an $Ad_{SO(n,\mathbb{C })}$ invariant subset of $\mathbf{so}(n,\mathbb{C })$ such that $S\cup \{0\}$ is closed and $C_+(S)\subset C(S)$ denotes the cone of curvature operators which are positive in the appropriate sense then one of the two possibilities holds: (a) The connected sum of any two Riemannian manifolds with curvature operators in $C_+(S)$ also admits a metric with curvature operator in $C_+(S)$ (b) The normalized Ricci flow on any compact Riemannian manifold $M$ with curvature operator in $C_+(S)$ converges to a metric of constant positive sectional curvature. We also point out that if $S$ is an arbitrary $Ad_{SO(n,\mathbb{C })}$ subset, then $C(S)$ is contained in the cone of curvature operators with nonnegative isotropic curvature.