声化学反应器

超声波在有机合成中的应用已有很好的综述文章,但超声波反应器方面的工作却无系统总结。随着声化学的发展,工业应用已引起人     

声化学反应器在脱除SO2过程中的应用

通过对常用的声化学设备使用情况的分析,根据超声解吸柠檬酸钠溶液中二氧化硫过程的特点,自行设计了一套用于气液传质的多参数可控的声化学反应器,频率为40kHz,功率为0～300W。随后使用该反应器对脱除柠檬酸钠溶液中二氧化硫的过程进行了研究。结果表明,超声波能够较大地促进二氧化硫的脱除,在超声场下工作5h,二氧化硫的脱除率比无超声时高25%;超声场下,二氧化硫脱除率在50℃时达到最大值;在相同搅拌强度下,有超声波比无超声波时二氧化硫脱除率均大25%。     

开放式声化学反应体系中的反应动力学

采用气液传质的双膜理论建立了开放体系中声化学反应的动力学模型，同时用声源频率为500 kHz，声强为3 W·cm^-2的超声波在开放式声化学反应器内引发被空气饱和溶解的KI纯水溶液中的声化学反应，并检测反应过程中溶液的电导率，pH值改变及KI溶液中I₂的析出量，结果表明，它们与超声辐照时间之间呈线性关系，与理论模型吻合。     

声化学反应器基础理论的研究进展

论述了声化学反应器的基础理论,主要涉及反应器中的声化学反应动力学、空化声场中空化泡的分布和检测方法,以及声化学反应器的放大理论,包括反应效率和经济性估算。     

声化学应用研究的新进展

声化学应用研究的新进展赵逸云，鲍慈光（云南大学化学系昆明，６５００９１）冯若，王双维，朱昌平（南京大学声学研究所２１００９３）早在本世纪２０年代，在美国普林斯顿大学化学实验室就曾发现超声波有加速化学反应的作用，但长期以来未引起化学家们的重视。直到８０...     

有机声化学反应

本文综述了近年来有机声化学反应的研究进展,介绍了声化学反应的应用及其实施方法,并对声化学反应机理进行了初步讨论。     

固体电解质化学反应器研究近况

介绍了固体电解质化学反应器应用于气相电化学合成和催化反应的原理、特征、研究现状和应用前景。     

LED光化学反应器在环境化学实验教学中的应用

介绍了一种新型LED光化学反应器的设计思路及装置,并将其分别应用于Cr(Ⅵ)光还原和有机砷光氧化两个环境化学实验教学中。结果表明:在波长394 nm的LED光反应器中,Cr(Ⅵ)光还原效率高达95%;在波长664 nm的LED光反应器中,有机砷氧化效率大于80%;应用实验说明该反应器具有良好的稳定性,且安全可靠,完全能够满足环境光化学实验教学的要求。     

有机化学反应分类和设计的新方法

介绍一种用价键重新配置的单环拓扑学处理有机化学反应的新方法。它不仅可以应用在有机反应的严密分类及系统化,并且能够作为探索新反应的工具。该法原理简单,图像直观,具有一定的参考和利用价值。     

声化学原理与应用

声化学是70年代后期兴起的一门化学分支,主要研究在超声场下物质的化学反应。本文介绍了声化学基本原理、应用、反应的影响因素以及今后的展望。     

Designing A Reactor to Generate Hydrogen Bubbles

Hydrogen is produced by the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. This reaction is used to illustrate the importance of considering thermodynamics when designing a chemical reactor. The gas released is collected in soap bubbles that rise in the air, indicating that a lighter than air gas has been produced. The bubbles can be lit to add a dramatic effect to the demonstration. The reaction is highly exothermic, raising the temperature of the reaction materials and the reactor. Batch operation of this reactor would require short cooling periods between reactions. Alternatively, a modification of the design is suggested to allow for continuous cooling of the vessel, which would allow semicontinuous operation of the reactor. (Zinc would have to be periodically replenished as it is consumed in the reaction.) The consequences associated with the cooling of the vessel are discussed.     

自由基交联共聚合理论模型进展

从模型所使用的数学方法，对自由基交联共聚合理论的模型：概率统计模型、动力学模型和基于逾渗的计算机仿真模型的进展进行了综述。     

Sonochemical preparation of functionalized graphenes

A convenient sonochemical method is described for the preparation of polystyrene functionalized graphenes starting from graphite flakes and a reactive monomer, styrene. Ultrasonic irradiation of graphite in styrene results in the mechanochemical exfoliation of graphite flakes to single-layer and few-layer graphene sheets combined with functionalization of the graphene with polystyrene chains. The polystyrene chains are formed from sonochemically initiated radical polymerization of styrene and can make up to ~18 wt % of the functionalized graphene, as determined by thermal gravimetric analysis. This one-step protocol can be generally applied to the functionalization of graphenes with other vinyl monomers for graphene-based composite materials.     

超声化学法制备蛋白质微球

采用高强度的超声波照射油/蛋白质水溶液的两相界面,可以得到载水不溶性液体的蛋白质微球。本文首先介绍了超声化学的背景知识,然后叙述了利用超声化学反应产生蛋白质微球的方法与成球机理,重点对蛋白质的交联与改性自组装作了较为详细的介绍。此外,还叙述了不同实验条件如,超声波照射时间,超声功率,探头位置,油水相体积分数等对蛋白质微球性能的影响,并对蛋白质微球的生物活性进行了探论。最后介绍了蛋白质微球的应用,如作为药物载体及在其他生物领域的应用等。这种超声化学反应方法为聚合物微球的制备提供了一个新的研究思路, 在生物医药领域将有广泛的应用。     

声化学降解染料结晶紫的研究

采用频率为20 kHz的超声波降解阳离子染料结晶紫(CV)溶液,考察了溶液初始浓度、pH值、声能强度、时间、温度等因素对染料声化学降解过程的影响.实验结果表明,溶液初始浓度为30 mg/L、pH=8.0、声强=47.5 W/cm2、超声辐照50 m in,CV的脱色率达97.8%;CV的超声降解过程以高温热解反应为主,服从动力学一级反应;当超声/H2O2、超声/镁联合作用时,二者产生协同效应,溶液中产生大量OH自由基,强化了CV的声化学脱色和降解过程.     

Sonochemical Electrodeposition of Copper Coatings

Potentiodynamic polarization method was used to study kinetic specific features of the electrodeposition of copper under a sonochemical treatment of a sulfuric acid electrolyte. The working current densities, scattering power of the electrolyte, the structure, microhardness, and luster of the formed coatings were determined depending ultrasonic field power and the presence of a thiourea additive in the electrolyte. It was found that it is advisable to perform the sonochemical electrodeposition of copper from a sulfuric acid electrolyte with addition of 0.003 g dm^–3 of thiourea at a current density of 2 A dm^–2 and ultrasonic vibration power of 8 W dm^–3.     

Sonochemical synthesis of Biginelli compounds

The ultrasound effect accelerates the Biginelli reaction 40 and more times. A sonochemical method for the synthesis of ethyl 4-R-6-methyl-2-oxo- and 4-R-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates was developed. The target products were obtained within 2 to 5 min in 90—95% yields.     

Sonochemical synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles

Ruthenium nanoparticles have been prepared by sonochemical reduction of a ruthenium chloride solution using ultrasound frequencies in the range 20–1056 kHz The reduction was monitored by UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry. Reduction proceeds sequentially from Ru(III) to Ru(II) to Ru(0) and takes almost 13 h. The Ru particles produced by the ultrasound reduction have diameters between 10 and 20 nm as measured by transmission electron microscope image.     

Sonochemical preparation of GaSb nanoparticles

A room temperature sonochemical method for the preparation of GaSb nanoparticles using less hazardous Ga and antimony chloride (SbCl(3)) as the precursors has been described. The formation of GaSb has been confirmed by means of XRD, EDAX, and XPS characterization. TEM and SAED results show that the as-prepared solid consists of nanosized GaSb crystals with sizes in the range 20-30 nm. The photoacoustic spectrum result reveals that the GaSb nanoparticles have a direct band gap of about 1.21 eV. On the basis of the control experiments and the extreme conditions produced by ultrasound, an ultrasound-assisted in-situ reduction/combination mechanism has been proposed to explain the reaction.