惠更斯作图法分析双折射中e光的反常现象

在单轴晶体双折射中,e光会发生一些反常的折射现象如负折射、e光离散角、全反射现象等.与文献中普遍所采用的基于平面光波在晶体中传播的电磁理论特性求解的过程不同,本文则以更为直观的惠更斯作图法为出发点,利用几何求解,得出负反射临界角、e光离散角、全反射临界角,并加以说明和讨论.     

Goos-Hänchen-like shifts for Dirac fermions in monolayer graphene barrier

The quantum Goos-H?nchen effect in graphene is found to be the lateral shift of Dirac fermions on the total reflection at a single p-n interface. In this paper, we investigate the lateral shifts of Dirac fermions in transmission through a monolayer graphene barrier. Compared to the smallness of the lateral shifts in total reflection, the lateral shifts can be enhanced by the transmission resonances when the incidence angle is less than the critical angle for total reflection. It is also found that the lateral shifts, as the function of the barrier’s width and incidence angle, can be negative and positive in the cases of Klein tunneling and classical motion. The modulation of the lateral shifts can be realized by changing the electrostatic potential and induced gap, which gives rise to some applications in graphene-based devices.     

电介质膜对受抑全内反射结构中古斯-汉欣位移的增强

受抑全反射结构中,反射光束和透射光束的古斯汉欣(Goos-Hanchen)位移同时存在,对称双棱镜结构的受抑全反射古斯汉欣位移通常只有波长量级,在实验中很难测量。计算了在入射角大于棱镜与空气界面的临界角小于棱镜与薄膜界面临界角时,镀有电介质膜的对称双棱镜的受抑全反射过程中入射光束的反射系数和透射系数的复数表达式。利用稳态相位法计算得出透射光束和全反射光束的古斯汉欣位移。结果表明,反射光束和透射光束古斯汉欣位移量相同,与入射角大小、薄膜厚度以及空气层厚度有关。在入射角小于但接近棱镜与薄膜界面的临界角,薄膜厚度和空气层厚度一定时,古斯汉欣位移量共振增强达到波长的数百倍。     

Plasmonically induced reflection in metal-insulator-metal waveguides with two silver baffles coupled square ring resonator

A plasmonic waveguide coupled system that is composed of a square ring cavity and a metal–insulator–metal(MIM)waveguide with two silver baffles is proposed. The transmission and reflection properties of the proposed plasmonic system are investigated numerically using the finite element method. The normalized H_z field distributions are calculated to analyze the transmission mode in the plasmonic system. The extreme destructive interference between light mode and dark mode causes plasmonically induced reflection(PIR) window in the transmission spectrum. The PIR window is fitted using the coupled mode theory. The analytical result agrees with the simulation result approximately. In addition, the PIR window can be controlled by adjusting structural parameters and filling different dielectric into the MIM waveguide and the square ring cavity. The results provide a new approach to designing plasmonic devices.     

Plasmonic Brewster angle: broadband extraordinary transmission through optical gratings

Extraordinary optical transmission through metallic gratings is a well established effect based on the collective resonance of corrugated screens. Being based on plasmonic resonances, its bandwidth is inherently narrow, in particular, for thick screens and narrow apertures. We introduce here a different mechanism to achieve total transmission through an otherwise opaque screen, based on an ultrabroadband tunneling that can span from dc to the visible range at a given incidence angle. This phenomenon effectively represents the equivalent of Brewster transmission for plasmonic and opaque screens.     

高斯光束在单轴挛晶界面上的反射与折射

给出了高斯光束入射到挛晶结构的电磁场分布,解出了反射系数和透射系数。根据晶体的色散关系解出了入射角、反射角和折射角关于晶体参量及波矢的方程,并根据角度方程给出了在一定参量下反射角和折射角关于入射角变化的关系图,以图示的方法显示了光束在界面处的异常性质。根据角度关系和反射、透射系数分析了异常光束在界面处能够出现二性折射、负反射、全透射和全反射等光束的奇特性质;分析了出现这些奇特性质对晶体参量和入射角所要求的条件。根据时间平均的能流密度公式,用数值模拟的方法给出了二性折射、全透射和全反射在特定参量下的高斯光束在挛晶内的能流密度分布图及当发生全反射时不同宽度光束在界面处关于入射角的古斯-亨兴(Goos-Hanchen)位移。     

Total reflection of electromagnetic waves propagating from an isotropic medium to an indefinite metamaterial

The existence conditions for total reflection and the corresponding critical angle at the interface separating an isotropic medium and an indefinite metamaterial for TE- and TM-polarized electromagnetic waves are obtained. For different kinds of indefinite metamaterial, there appear different total reflection phenomena. Particularly, the anomalous total reflection in which the incident angle is smaller than the critical angle and the Brewster’s angle can be smaller than the critical angle can occur for anti-cutoff medium. Furthermore, the omnidirectional total reflection exists for the always cutoff medium and anti-cutoff medium. The total reflection depends on the thickness of indefinite metamaterial when the indefinite metamaterial is finite, and the photon tunneling phenomenon can occur when the thickness of indefinite metamaterial is smaller than wavelength.     

Heterostructures based on gapless graphene with different Fermi velocities

The properties of a single heterojunction between gapless graphenes with identical work functions but different Fermi velocities have been investigated. Reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained for charge carriers passing through this junction. It is shown that total internal reflection (with a critical angle the same as for light incident at an interface between two media) may occur in it.     

Anomalous postcritical refraction behavior for certain transversely isotropic media

Snell's law at the boundary between two transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI media) can be solved by setting up a fourth order polynomial for the sine of the reflection/transmission angles. This approach reveals the possible presence of an anomalous postcritical angle for certain transversely isotropic media. There are thus possibly three incident angle regimes for the reflection/refraction of longitudinal or transverse waves incident upon a VTI medium: precritical, postcritical/preanomalous, and postanomalous. The anomalous angle occurs for certain strongly anisotropic media where the required root to the phase velocity equation must be switched in order to obey Snell's law. The reflection/transmission coefficients, polarization directions, and the phase velocity are all affected by both the anisotropy and the incident angle. The incident critical angles are also effected by the anisotropy.     

光在一维光子晶体中的全反射贯穿效应

为了研究一维光子晶体中光波的全反射贯穿效应,利用传输矩阵法计算了TE波和TM波在大于全反射角入射一维光子晶体的透射率.在透射波中发现了全反射贯穿效应,得出了全反射贯穿效应随入射角的变化规律、全反射贯穿效应的波长特性以及全反射贯穿效应随介质光学厚度的变化规律.利用波的量子理论和渐逝波的理论对一维光子晶体的全反射贯穿效应作出了理论解释.     

Line-source excited impulsive EM field response of thin plasmonic metal films

In this paper, reflection against and transmission through thin plasmonic metal films, basic building blocks of many plasmonic devices, are analytically investigated directly in the time domain for an impulsive electric and magnetic line-source excitation. The electromagnetic properties of thin metallic films are modeled via the Drude model. The problem is formulated with the help of approximate thin-sheet boundary conditions and the analysis is carried out using the Cagniard–DeHoop technique. Closed-form space-time expressions are found and discussed. The obtained time-domain analytical expressions reveal the existence of the phenomenon of transient oscillatory surface effects along a plasmonic metal thin sheet. Illustrative numerical examples of transmitted/reflected pulsed fields are provided.     

Theoretical analysis of the characteristic impedance in metal-insulator-metal plasmonic transmission lines

We propose a closed form formulation for the impedance of the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic transmission lines by solving the Maxwell's equations. We provide approximations for thin and thick insulator layers sandwiched between metallic layers. In the case of very thin dielectric layer, the surface waves on both interfaces are strongly coupled resulting in an almost linear dependence of the impedance of the plasmonic transmission line on the thickness of the insulator layer. On the other hand, for very thick insulator layer, the impedance does not vary with the insulator layer thickness due to the weak-coupling/decoupling of the surface waves on each metal-insulator interface. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed formulation using two test scenarios, namely, almost zero reflection in T-junction and reflection from line discontinuity in the design of Bragg reflectors, where we compare our formulation against previously published results.     

Critical coupling in plasmonic resonator arrays

We report critical coupling of electromagnetic waves to plasmonic cavity arrays fabricated on Moiré surfaces. Dark field plasmon microscopy imaging and polarization dependent spectroscopic reflection measurements reveal the critical coupling conditions of the cavities. The critical coupling conditions depend on the superperiod of the Moiré surface, which also defines the coupling between the cavities. Complete transfer of the incident power can be achieved for traveling wave plasmonic resonators, which have a relatively short superperiod. When the superperiod of the resonators increases, the coupled resonators become isolated standing wave resonators in which complete transfer of the incident power is not possible. Analytical and finite difference time domain calculations support the experimental observations.     

Polarization-dependent Goos-Hänchen shift at a graded dielectric interface

We examine the polarization differential Goos-Hänchen beam shift upon total internal reflection, for a graded-index dielectric interface. We find a generic scaling law where the magnitude of this shift depends solely on the product of wavelength and gradient steepness. The analytic results are extended using transmission matrix calculations in cases where the assumptions made to allow analytical treatment might become questionable. Two important cases in this category are: (i) incident angle close to the critical angle and (ii) gradients with an overall thickness of the order of a wavelength. We demonstrate this effect experimentally using a polymer-blend sample with a gradual refractive-index transition induced by diffusion.     

Observation of the lateral displacement of surface acoustic beams reflected at boundaries of layered substrates

The reflection of an acoustic surface wave incident on a velocity discontinuity is studied near the critical angle by using an optical-diffraction probe. The abrupt velocity change is implemented on fused quartz and on single crystal quartz substrates by plating the surface with a prism-shaped gold layer. A lateral displacement of the reflected beam, relative to the mirror-reflection path, is observed. For angles of incidence corresponding to total reflection, the phenomenon exhibits a behaviour which is similar to the Goos-Hänchen effect encountered at the total reflection of bounded electromagnetic waves. However, contrary to the electromagnetic case, it is found here that a significant lateral shift occurs also for angles well into the partial-reflection region and that the reflected beam profile is considerably distorted at the critical angle. These observations may be evidence of a leaky-wave mode along the boundary of the plated area, with the phase-matching condition satisfied at or near the critical angle.     

各向异性光子晶体的全反射隧穿偏振特性

为了研究一维各向异性光子晶体的全反射隧穿偏振特性,利用传输矩阵法计算了TE波和TM波以大于全反射角入射一维各向异性光子晶体时的透射率,在透射波中发现了TE波和TM波的一、二级全反射隧穿带.得出了与一维各向同性光子晶体的全反射隧穿效应的不同点,即TE波和TM波的一、二级全反射隧穿带的频率中心和频率宽度存在着较大的差异,利用这个特性可以将两种偏振光进行频率分离,为设计优质偏振滤波器提供理论依据.     

基于传输矩阵法讨论光疏介质表面的全反射

探究了光在光密介质与超薄光疏介质界面处的全反射,通过在光密介质中嵌入一光疏介质薄层,利用传输矩阵法,定量地分析了入射角度以及光疏介质的厚度对反射率的影响.数值模拟结果表明,当光疏介质的厚度小于约一个波长时,即使入射角大于全反射的临界角,反射率也不一定会达到1,也就是说,光学隧道效应将会出现.     

双棱镜结构中透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移

当入射角大于全反射临界角时,双棱镜结构中透射和反射光束的古斯-汉欣(Goos-Haenchen)位移具有饱和效应,并且只有波长数量级。利用稳态相位法研究了当入射角小于全反射临界角时双棱镜结构中透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移。研究表明,传播模式下透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移是空气层厚度、入射角和双棱镜折射率的周期性函数。当透射共振时,透射光束的古斯-汉欣位移可达入射波长的几十倍,与入射角大于全反射临界角的情况相比,透射光束的位移通过边界的相互作用具有共振增强效应;在非共振点处,对称结构中的反射光束具有与透射光束相同的古斯-汉欣位移。共振增强的透射光束的位移在光开关及光耦合器中具有潜在的应用。     

Critical coupling in a Fabry-Pérot cavity with metamaterial mirrors

We study critical coupling (CC) in a system of a dielectric layer sandwiched between two metamaterial layers leading to near-total suppression of both reflection and transmission at specified frequencies. The tunability of the CC frequency is demonstrated by varying the angle of incidence retaining the full causal response for the metamaterials.     

Suppression of coherent inelastic Mössbauer scattering of synchrotron radiation at grazing angles of incidence

Coherent inelastic Mössbauer scattering (CIMS) of synchrotron radiation (SR) by an isotopic interface (a flat interface between two regions of matter differing in the concentration of the Mössbauer isotope) at grazing angles of incidence of the SR beam is investigated theoretically. The qualitative features of CIMS as compared with conventional optics at small grazing angles of the SR beam are determined. Specifically, it is shown that for CIMS by an isotopic interface, instead of the phenomenon of total external (internal) reflection well known in optics, total suppression of reflection of the CIMS beam occurs at grazing angles of the SR beam less than a critical angle, and a maximum of the transmission and reflection at distinguished CIMS frequencies appears near the critical angle.