Janus Multicolored Photonic Crystal Beads for Real‐Time Magnetic Responsive Patterns

Photonic Janus particles that can change colors in different stimuli have shown great promise in various applications, such as optical probes, catalyst supports, sensors, and display materials. However, it remains a challenge to produce Janus structural colored particles with a simple method. Inspired from ecsenius bicolors, a facile preparation of Janus structural colored beads (JSCBs) using sub‐micrometer‐sized colloidal particles and magnetic nanoparticles composed of Fe₃O₄ is established. A mixed emulsion is prepared by monodispersed colloidal particles and magnetic nanoparticles and initiator of PDMS precursor. Subsequent self‐assembly of the emulsion in the room temperature environment provides two different structural colors, thanks to the gravity deposition of colloidal particles and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The photonic bandgap of JSCBs can be precisely controlled with varying size of monodispersed colloidal nanoparticles, and the high optical quality and mechanical strength of the structural colored face are attributed to the existence of PDMS. In the presence of a magnet, the JSCBs can change their orientation simultaneously between two different structural colors. Moreover, the JSCBs are capable of encoding and angle‐independent displaying, which are crucial to their applications in anticounterfeiting, information coding, and pattern display.     

Infrared Texture Simulation Using Gaussian-Markov Random Fields

Infrared battlefield simulation is a most important subject today to test infrared weapons. The reality and details of simulated scenes are always relied on the infrared textures. A texture is considered to be a stochastic, possibly periodic, two-dimensional image field. A texture model can be described as a mathematical procedure. Markov random field(MRF) model is a famous model to synthesize the visible textures of various kinds. In this paper, the Gaussian-Markov random fields(GMRF) are firstly used to sample the distribution of temperature field on the surface of terrain. And the Planck's radiation law is applied to calculate the emittance in the bands of 35 m or 814 m. The emittance distribution of the terrain can be normalized and colored by the range of 0 to the gray levels decreased by 1. Then an infrared texture is generated by GMRF by given a set of certain parameters.     

Relationship between linewidth and electric field intensity of guide-mode resonance filter

In this paper, relationship between linewidth and maximum electric field intensity (MEFI) at resonance of guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) is investigated. It is demonstrated that the linewidth will vary inversely with the MEFI as one of some of the parameters of the GMRF increasing (e.g. period, thickness, and filling factor of the grating in the GMRF and cover refractive index) and with others maintained. Also it is demonstrated that resonant wavelength will shift to longer wavelength as any one of the parameters of the GMRF increasing. Moreover, the changes of period and thickness of grating have good linear relation with wavelength shifting. This will be of interest for optical sensor systems.     

广州西村窑彩绘瓷无损分析检测

利用微聚焦X射线荧光探针与拉曼光谱仪2种方法,对西村窑彩绘瓷进行了系统的分析测试,结果表明西村窑彩绘瓷胎料选择了一种高质量的高岭土,瓷釉中氧化磷的含量远高于相应的瓷胎,暗示瓷釉中添加了草木灰作为助熔剂;瓷器彩绘的显色物相为赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3),彩绘的不同颜色主要与其中氧化铁含量有关,彩绘表面条状物经鉴定为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)。     

基于高斯马尔科夫模型的高光谱异常目标检测算法研究

随着光谱成像技术的发展,高光谱异常检测在遥感图像处理中的应用越来越广泛。传统RX异常检测算法忽略影像空间相关性,而且由于没有经过有效数据降维,运算耗费大,对于高光谱数据有效性不高。高光谱影像在空间和光谱上符合高斯-马尔科夫模型。通过建立马尔科夫参数能够直接计算协方差矩阵的逆矩阵,避免了高光谱海量数据的庞大计算。提出一种基于三维高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型的改进RX异常检测算法。该方法用高斯-马尔科夫随机场模型模拟高光谱影像数据,用最大似然近似法估计高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数,由高斯-马尔科夫随机场参数直接构造检测算子,并以待检测像元为中心设置局部优化窗口,称为马尔科夫检测窗。取窗口内数据计算均值向量和协方差逆矩阵,得到中心像元的异常度,通过移动窗口进行逐像元检测。应用AVIRIS高光谱数据对传统RX算法、高斯-马尔科夫模型背景假设异常检测算法和该算法进行了仿真实验对比。结果表明,该算法能够有效提高高光谱异常检测效率,降低虚警率。运行时间较传统RX算法提高了45.2%,体现出更好的计算效率。     

Optimization of a guided-mode resonance filter by varying the thickness of the buffer layer

In this Letter, we demonstrate that by adjusting the thickness of the buffer layer, the optical responses of a guided-mode resonance filter(GMRF) can be improved for sensor applications. The GMRF is fabricated using a replica molding with a plastic substrate and a UV-curable polymer. SiO_2 buffer layers of different thicknesses are deposited before the waveguide-layer deposition. The sensitivity of the GMRFs decreases slightly with increasing SiO_2 layer thickness. By contrast, the full width at half-maximum reduces substantially with increasing SiO_2 layer thickness, resulting in the improvement of the overall figure of merit.     

Design of optocoupler for synthesizing four color spectra

LEDs with the advantage of high luminous efficacy and long life time show the potential of replacing traditional luminaire. Most commercial white LED light sources use blue or ultraviolet chip coated with emitting phosphor, but the sensitivity and instability of such phosphors has become a big issue. The typical RGB-LED by using individual chips has the problem of spatial separation and insufficient spectral overlap which leads to low CRI. This study suggests a novel and high-efficiency design of fiber optical optocoupler to synthesize four colors emitted by separate LEDs to provide the ideal light sources by adjusting the individual LEDs separately. By choosing different colored light to be synthesized, this optocoupler can be used as light sources which can be highly controlled to offer the best lighting conditions. Compared with other widely used commercial LED sources, this new design of light sources can be used in special experiments which require multi-spectral light.     

Design of guided-mode resonance filters with an antireflective surface at oblique incidence

A design approach of guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) with an antireflective surface at oblique incidence is presented. For a given incident angle or grating filling factor, the required grating filling factor or incident angle can be expressed by the analytical forms of the quadratic equations at quarter-wavelength thickness. Long-range, low sidebands are obtainable for a single-layer GMRF under the TM mode wave illumination at oblique incidence. The reflection properties such as the symmetry of the lineshape and the sideband level in the logarithm scale can be further improved by slightly varying both the grating period and the grating thickness. Magnetic field enhancement occurs in these structures due to the coupling between the evanescent diffracted order and the waveguide mode.     

Bosonic colored group field theory

Bosonic colored group field theory is considered. Focusing first on dimension four, namely the colored Ooguri group field model, the main properties of Feynman graphs are studied. This leads to a theorem on optimal perturbative bounds of Feynman amplitudes in the “ultraspin” (large spin) limit. The results are generalized in any dimension. Finally, integrating out two colors we write a new representation, which could be useful for the constructive analysis of this type of models.     

“四色问题”研究

通过极大平面图的结构研究,提出了构造极大平面图的三种方法,即“加点法”、“删点法”与“任意法”.建立了一个理论系统,包括11个定义,12个命题及7个定理.采用“平行归纳法”证明了极大平面图可四着色,从而证明了“四色猜想”是对的.     

Extrinsic Polarization‐Enabled Covert Plasmonic Colors Using Aluminum Nanostructures

Subwavelength structures can provide a versatile platform for displaying various colors. Here, a reflection‐type approach to structural colors enabled by an extrinsic polarization‐dependent plasmonic resonance using aluminum nanohole arrays is presented theoretically. Usually, nanohole arrays with small hole sizes support whitish structural colors due to the narrow‐band reflection dip and high‐reflection nonresonant background. Interestingly, the lineshape of the resonance can be converted from a reflection dip with a high background to a reflection peak with negligible background using a pair of linear polarizers to select the polarization states of the incident light and the detected signal. Therefore, the resultant colors can be switched between whitish colors and vibrant colors, which are covert and overt under a white lighting condition, respectively. Due to the huge contrast between the two types of colors, this approach provides a novel scheme for the development of security‐related color labels.     

Effect of noise on chaos synchronization in time-delayed systems: Numerical and experimental observations

We discuss the constructive role of noise (white and colored) in chaos synchronization in time-delayed systems. We first numerically investigate noise-induced synchronization (NIS) between two identical uncoupled Ikeda and Mackey–Glass systems. We find that synchronization occurs above a critical noise intensity that differs for different colors of noise. Synchronization onset is characterized by the value of the maximum transverse Lyapunov exponent. We then discuss the enhancement of chaos synchronization between two time-delayed systems when they are coupled unidirectionally. The effect of parameter mismatch for NIS is described in detail. We provide experimental evidence of NIS for a Mackey–Glass-like system in an electronic circuit using different colors of noise. An integration scheme for time-delayed systems in the presence of additive white and colored noise is discussed.     

Klimt artwork (Part II): material investigation by backscattering Fe-57 Mössbauer- and Raman- spectroscopy,SEM and p-XRF

In a rediscovered Klimt-artwork “Trompetender Putto” material tests have been conducted. We report studies on different points of the painting. The spots are of different colors, mainly taken in spots of the painting not restaurated. MIMOS II Fe-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed mainly haematite and nano particle oxides in red and red/brown colors. Brown colors also contain crystallized goethite. In brown/ochre colors the same pigments as in brown colors are observed, but there is less quantity of goethite and more quantity of haematite. The green colors show Fe-rich clays, like celadonite or glauconite and or lepidocrocite as main component. Raman spectroscopy revealed cinnabar in red colors of the Scarf; and massicot in brown/ochre points, i.e. in the Left Wing of the “Putto”. With scanning electron microscopy, various layers of the original and of overpainting could be recognized. The investigations of sample 1 show three layers of colored materials, which were identified as zinc-white, cinnabar and galena as well as carbon compounds. In sample 2 four layers could be detected. These are identified (bottom to top) as gypsum and lead-white (layer 1), zinc-white (layer 2), lead-white and cinnabar (layer 3) and titanium-white (layer 4). The elementary composition was examined with the portable X-ray-fluorescence analysis for qualitative manner at different points.     

硬脂酸与Mo(W)-S-Fe簇合物复合膜的XPS和AES研究

在钢铁表面获得了具有金属光泽和良好装饰效果的不溶性彩色Ｍｏ（Ｗ）－Ｓ－Ｆｅ族合物膜，采用加速化学腐蚀试验，ＬＳＶ，ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了多种钝化剂处理簇合物膜前后的耐蚀性能，结果表明，硬脂酸钝化处理后，不仅保护和稳定了膜层的颜色，而且提高了钢铁的抗腐蚀能力，硬脂酸与彩色膜表面的Ｆｅ＾２＋反应形成了一层致密的不溶性配合物膜。     

Microstructures and Optical Properties of Scales of Butterfly Wings

This paper describes the mechanism generating the beautiful wing colors of various male butterflies and the relationship between the wing material and the color appearance. The microstructure of the scales covering the upper surface of the wings was analyzed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The basic mechanism of color generation of structurally colored scales is determined for the first time in accordance with the theory of optical interference in thin film layers using a model of wing scales. Optical properties were found in relation to the three-dimensional spectral reflectance of the samples, and differences were observed between the brightness perceived in subjective evaluations and calculated values based on the reflective spectra of the structurally colored wings. The results of this study suggest that the microroughness of the upper wing surface may influence the perceived gloss of structurally colored wings.     

基色LED的光谱漂移及其对显色性能影响的研究

发光二极管(LED)因其低功耗、低成本而被广泛应用于大型文字、图形和图像的显示,通过调节红、绿、蓝LED发光的亮度可产生不同显色指数的彩色图像像素。但是LED发光光谱会随环境温度的变化产生漂移,从而对显色性能产生影响。用驱动电流的变化模拟环境温度的变化对三基色LED的光谱漂移进行了测试,分别得到了三基色的漂移特性,提出了单色LED光谱漂移方程及三基色光谱漂移方程组。通过研究不同驱动电流下基色LED的光谱漂移,得到了相应的光谱漂移率。通过分析人眼对颜色宽容量的大小,以及基色LED的最大漂移波长,得到了只有红色LED的色差会影响显示屏显色性能的结论。该研究为彩色LED工程实践中反馈控制消除由基色漂移造成的显色色差提供了一定的理论依据和实验支持。     

具有光电倍增的宽光谱三相体异质结有机彩色探测器

实验研究了P3HT：PBDT-TT-F：PCBM三相体异质结活性层光谱拓宽及其材料混合度对探测器光电特性的影响以及陷阱辅助光电倍增的机理.在此基础上,获得了一个覆盖350–750 nm波长范围的彩色探测器.该探测器在-1 V低偏压下红绿蓝三基色的光响应度和外量子效率分别达到了470,381,450 mA/W和93%,89%,121%,比探测率均接近10¹² Jones,且各基色的特性参数最大平均相对偏差均小于20%,同时频率带宽分别达到了5,8,8 kHz.结果表明：在保持二相体异质结薄膜原有微观形貌下,掺入少量光谱拓宽材料可实现活性层吸收光谱的拓宽.利用能级陷阱中电子的辅助作用引入外电路空穴注入,可实现探测器光电倍增.通过调节三相材料的混合度可实现基色间探测能力的均衡性.     

Reconstruction of the density field using the Colored Background Oriented Schlieren Technique (CBOS)

In this paper the improved Background Oriented Schlieren technique called CBOS (Colored Background Oriented Schlieren) is described and used to reconstruct density fields of three-dimensional flows. The Background Oriented Schlieren technique (BOS) allows to measure the light deflection caused by density gradients in a compressible flow. For this purpose the local image displacements of the image of a background pattern observed through the flow is used. In order to increase the performance of the conventional Background Oriented Schlieren technique, the monochromatic background is replaced by a colored dot pattern. The different colors are treated separately using suitable correlation algorithms. Therefore, the accuracy and the spatial resolution can be increased. A tomographic reconstruction method is then used to reconstruct the density field in three-dimensional flows from CBOS measurements.     

A radiation dose study based on analysis of primary color chrominance

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of measuring radiation dose based on primary color chrominance in chemical solutions. Methods: We used an aqueous solution with different concentrations of Alphaurine A and Tracid Brilliant Red B. This was irradiated by 1.5–13.5?kGy ⁶⁰Co γ radiation. Data were collected by an instrument that can detect information on the three primary colors. Data were analyzed and manipulated for each experiment. Results and conclusions: The result shows that three primary colors chrominance in the aqueous solutions change with different doses of ⁶⁰Co γ-rays and different concentrations of Alphaurine A and Tracid Brilliant Red B. For Alphaurine A, the red chrominance is gradually reduced as a function of radiation dose. The blue chrominance gradually increases concurrently. The red and green chrominance changes obviously and inversely, but the green chrominance changes little. In Tracid Brilliant Red B solution, the red chrominance gradually decreases as the radiation dose increases. The green chrominance gradually increases concurrently. The red and green chrominance changes are obvious and inverted. The blue chrominance changes little. Our experiments demonstrate that radiation dose can be studied based on three primary colors chrominance. This may be a new tool to measure the radiation dose.