电流变体粘弹性能的实验研究

电流变体是智能材料与结构中一种重要的致动器材料。本文对电流变体在电场作用下的粘弹性特性进行了实验研究。使用旋转式流变仪对表征流体粘性的蠕变特性进行了测试。同时,对电流变体进行了强制振荡试验,测试了流体在不同应力幅值、应力频率下的剪切模量主变化,得到了电流变体的复剪切模量以及剪切存储模量、损耗模量承承中电场变化的规律。     

Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy of viscoelastic materials with transient structure

A new technique is presented to measure the frequency dependent complex modulus simultaneously at several frequencies instead of consecutively as in a frequency sweep. For this purpose, the strain in a dynamical mechanical experiment is prescribed as a superposition of several different modes (three in our case). The resulting stress is decomposed into sinusoidal components, each of them characterized by their frequency, amplitude, and phase shift with respect to the corresponding strain component. Phase shift and amplitude are expressible in a frequency dependent complex modulus. A single experiment gives, therefore, values for the complex modulus at a set of prescribed frequencies. The method was demonstrated on three stable viscoelastic fluids and was applied to determine the instant of sol-gel transition (gel point) of a crosslinking polymer.     

Ascertaining universal features of yielding of soft materials

Many metastable complex fluids, when subjected to oscillatory shear flow of increasing strain amplitude at constant frequency, are known to show a characteristic nonlinear rheological response which consists of a monotonic decrease in the elastic modulus and a nonmonotonic change in the loss modulus. In particular, the loss modulus increases from its low strain value, crosses the elastic modulus, and then decreases with further increase in the strain amplitude. Miyazaki et al. (Europhys Lett 75:915–921, 2006) proposed a qualitative argument to explain the origin of the nonmonotonic nature of the loss modulus and suggested that in fact this response could be universal to all complex fluids if they are probed in a certain frequency window in which the fluid is dominantly elastic in the small strain limit. In this letter, we confirm their hypothesis by showing that a wide variety of complex fluids, irrespective of their thermodynamic state under quiescent conditions, indeed show the aforementioned characteristic nonlinear response. We also show that the maximum relative dissipation during yielding occurs when the imposed frequency resonates with the characteristic beta relaxation frequency of the fluid.     

Linear rheology of viscoelastic emulsions with interfacial tension

Emulsions of incompressible viscoelastic materials are considered, in which the addition of an interfacial agent causes the interfacial tension to depend on shear deformation and variation of area. The average complex shear modulus of the medium accounts for the mechanical interactions between inclusions by a self consistent treatment similar to the Lorentz sphere method in electricity. The resulting expression of the average modulus includes as special cases the Kerner formula for incompressible elastic materials and the Oldroyd expression of the complex viscosity of emulsions of Newtonian liquids in time-dependent flow.     

Determination of the complex shear modulus of structural adhesives using a doubly clamped sandwich beam

A method is described for calculating the complex shear modulus of structural adhesives from dynamic test data on a doubly clamped sandwich beam in which the adhesive is contained as a thin layer. The accuracy of the technique is validated by finite-element analysis. Values of modulus obtained using the doubly clamped beam technique are found to be in excellent agreement with values obtained from dynamic tests on bulk specimens of an epoxy adhesive.     

基于复数神经网络的粘弹性材料动态模量拟合方法

固体火箭发动机药柱粘弹性材料除具有弹塑性特性,还具有粘滞性,这一特性使得材料变形具有明显的时间效应,本构关系复杂,进行动态力学分析时,动态模量难以有效拟合．本文提出了一种基于(Levenberg-Marquardt, L-M)算法的复数神经网络拟合粘弹性材料动态模量的方法．通过广义Maxwell模型推导得到材料的动态模量表达式,以此构造未定网络参数为复数的神经网络,从而提供了一种输入、输出样本均为复数的神经网络解决方法．将实数L-M训练算法进行改进,衍生到复数领域,提出复数L-M训练算法．通过粘弹性材料实验,将实验数据时温等效转换,获得复数神经网络的训练及测试样本．通过对神经网络进行训练,实现粘弹性材料动态模量的高精度拟合．数值算例表明,与传统神经网络拟合方法相比,所提方法在训练速度和泛化能力方面都有其优越性．     

Complex-modulus measurement by longitudinal vibration testing

A simple method is presented to measure the complex modulus of suitably rigid, linear viscoelastic materials over the audio-frequency spectrum. The case is considered where one end of a rod of the material is driven harmonically and the complex displacement ratio is measured. The effect of a rigid end mass on the free end is accounted for. It is shown that, at specific frequencies near resonance, it is easy to obtain modulus data with standard equipment usually found in the vibration laboratory.     

Fractional complex modulus manifested in asphalts

In recent years, a considerable effort has been made to develop a new generation of asphaltic materials based on a combination of polymers and asphalts. Regular and polymer-modified asphalts are studied via fractional relaxation processes, represented here by a fractional rational form of the complex modulus, G ^*. Basic properties of this complex modulus and the forms of generated constitutive equations are studied. Relaxation times of the model are related via a pseudospectrum to the phase angle lag.     

用应力波方法,测定粘弹性材料的动态力学性能

本文用粘弹性材料中应力波的弥散及衰减特性的实验数据来计算材料的动态力学性能参数。用塑料杆的纵波实验,测定了材料的拉压复柔量,并探讨了用横波实验测定材料剪切复模量的方法及有关问题。由测定结果在理论分析中应用,讨论了结果的可靠性。     

复合材料动态粘弹性能的细观研究

利用细观力学的Eshelby等效夹杂方法研究了颗粒增强复合材料的动态粘弹性力学性能,分析了材料复模量随夹杂体积分数、载荷频率之间的变化规律,给出了许多有意义的结论,为复合材料结构的优化设计及应用提供了理论基础。     

Viskositätsmessung mit dem longitudinal schwingenden Band

A method for the detection of small masses with the aid of a longitudinally vibrating band is described and further applications, e.g. for viscosity and humidity measurement are discussed. The complex Young's modulus of the band can also be determined.

     

Effective elastic properties of flexible chiral honeycomb cores including geometrically nonlinear effects

Flexible chiral honeycomb cores generally exhibit nonlinear elastic properties in response to large geometric deformation, which are suited for the design of morphing aerospace structures. However, owing to their complex structure, it is standard to replace the actual core structure with a homogenized core material presenting reasonably equivalent elastic properties in an effort to increase the speed and efficiency of analyzing the mechanical properties of chiral honeycomb sandwich structures. As such, a convenient and efficient method is required to evaluate the effective elastic properties of flexible chiral honeycomb cores under conditions of large deformation. The present work develops an analytical expression for the effective elastic modulus based on a deformable cantilever beam under large deformation. Firstly, Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and micropolar theory are used to analyze the deformation characteristics of chiral honeycombs, and to calculate the effective elastic modulus under small deformation. On that basis, the expression for the effective elastic modulus is improved by including the stretching deformation of the chiral honeycomb structure for a unit cell under conditions of large deformation. The effective elastic moduli calculated by the respective analytical expressions are compared with the results of finite element analysis. The results indicate that the analytical expression obtained under consideration of the geometric nonlinearity is more suitable than the linear expressions for flexible chiral honeycomb cores under conditions of high strain and low elastic modulus.     

常用假设下黏弹组合模型两类表述参数间转换及适用性

黏弹性组合模型通常有两类表述,一类为基于拉压模量和拉压黏性系数的表述,另一类为基于剪切模量和剪切黏性系数的表述。对于广义Kelvin模型,这两类表述参数间的转换已经建立。但存在理论基础较薄弱、转换的适用范围和适用条件不够明确的问题。从线黏弹性理论出发,考虑岩土工程两种常用的三维假设（常泊松比假设和常体积模量假设）,给出了这些假设下黏弹性组合模型蠕变柔量及其复柔量在两类表述之间的转换关系,然后将其应用于广义Kelvin 模型和Poynting-Thomson模型,分别推导出了两个模型在两类表述参数间的转换公式,明确了参数转换的适用范围和适用条件,以及应用于实际工程时须注意的问题。     

不同拉压模量连续梁的解析解

拉压不同模量的材料在工程中应用很广,特别是近几年发展起来的复合材料都具有明显的拉压不同模量性质.本文对复杂应力状态下不同模量连续梁提出了中性轴判断定理,并用分段积分方法推导出不同模量结构的中性层计算表达式及应力的解析解.通过对实例的计算及分析,得出不同模量与经典力相同模量两种方法在结构应力计算上的差异,最后提出对该类结...     

A proposed method of measuring the complex modulus of a thick viscoelastic layer

A simple, non-destructive method of measuring the complex modulus of a layer of viscoelastic material is proposed. The method relies upon an analysis of the frictionless contact of a rigid smooth indentor and the layer. The contact is maintained by means of a fluctuating normal load. The total load (or the indentation) is required to vary in a simple sinusoidal way. The complex modulus may then be determined from the results of observations made when the contact area is maximum (or minimum).     

Dynamic properties of a photoviscoelastic material

This paper describes the results of mechanical and optical measurements on plasticized polyvinyl chloride under dynamic conditions. It covers one task (short-time characterization of the material) of a broader investigation aimed at developing experimental methods for viscoelastic stress analysis. The method of forced sinusoidal oscillations of uniaxial and simple-shear specimens was used for the determination of complex modulus and complex fringe value as functions of frequency. A procedure of correcting for wave-propagation effects was discussed. Results were obtained for frequencies up to 2800 cps in the case of the modulus and up to 1000 cps in the case of the fringe value. Both quantities were converted from functions of frequency to those of time (relaxation modulus and fringe value) by means of an approximate relation.     

DP钢板应变路径多步演变下的弹塑性力学行为

针对DP高强双相钢板在复杂载荷作用下的弹塑性力学特征,提出利用三步拉伸力学实验,对比分析单轴循环加载和非等轴加载下材料的各向异性硬化、永久软化和弹性模量衰减特性等力学行为,揭示应变路径多步演变下的弹塑性力学特性.研究结果表明:材料再加载初期的瞬态行为与应变路径有关,在初期瞬态阶段显示出明显的各向异性,且再加载角度、预应...     

A Simple Model for a Fluid-Filled Open-Cell Foam

A simple microstructure model is used to describe a fluid-filled open-cell foam. In the simplest case it consists of parallel elastic plates with gaps between them, which are filled with a Newtonian fluid. We assume that the load applied to this model material is uniaxial. The constitutive equation is formulated with the pressure of the fluid as an inner variable. The model yields an evolutional equation for the fluid pressure which itself is a field equation, that is a partial differential equation in time and space coordinates. This differential equation is solved for an instantaneously applied constant load and for a harmonically oscillating load. The solution of the differential equation, in combination with the constitutive equation leads to a relation between mean applied load and global strain of the test specimen. Finally, we obtain the creep compliance and the complex modulus of the foam material, respectively. The influence of different geometries of the foam and of different material behaviour of the matrix and fluid on the creep compliance and the complex modulus is discussed.