中温复合固体电解质SDC-LSGM的制备和性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法分别制备了Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ(SDC)与La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM)两种电解质材料, 并用固相混合法将两种材料按不同质量比(SDC与LSGM的质量比分别为9∶1, 8∶2, 5∶5)混合制备复合电解质材料. 采用交流阻抗技术对样品的电学性能进行研究. 实验结果表明, SDC与LSGM的质量比为9∶1(SL91)时, 样品具有较高的电导率, 在350—800 ℃温度范围内其电导率均比SDC的高. 以复合电解质为支撑体, 以Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 为阴极、NiO/SDC 为阳极制成单电池, 测试结果显示, 在800 ℃时以SL91为电解质的单电池的最大输出功率密度为0.25 W/cm2, 最大电流密度为1.06 A/cm2. 在电池的工作温度区间(600—800 ℃)内以复合材料为电解质的单电池的开路电压比以SDC为电解质的高.     

复合掺杂氧化物La0.5Sr0.5CoO2.91的性能和稳定性

采用固相反应法和柠檬酸-硝酸盐溶胶-凝胶低温自蔓延燃烧法（简称柠檬酸法）合成了La0.5Sr0.5CoO2．91（LSC）复合氧化物。借助XRD和SEM对不同制备方法合成粉体的晶体结构和晶粒形貌进行了研究。结果表明：固相反应法可制得均一钙钛矿结构的LSC氧化物，柠檬酸法除制得LSC氧化物外，还有LaSrCoO4相的生成。柠檬酸-硝酸盐溶胶-凝胶低温自蔓延燃烧法合成粉体的粒度相对较小。为研究以Ce0．9Gd0.1O1．95（GDC）为电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料的性能，将LSC粉体与GDC粉体按6：4（质量比）制备了固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的阴极片。在空气气氛下使用直流四探针法研究了烧结样品300～800℃的电导率，发现由柠檬酸法得到粉体制备的阴极片的电导率值较高。将制备的样品置于马弗炉中800℃条件下烧结800h，比较失效前后电导率的变化情况，并借助XRD，SEM等测试手段分析样品电导率变化的原因。分析发现，失效后两种样品的电导率值都有所降低，且样品中都有新相生成，晶体形貌有较大的变化。     

NiO晶粒尺寸对SOFC阳极电化学性能的影响

用溶胶凝胶法合成了具有高比表面积的纳米粒子NiO,用固相合成法制备了NiO-YSZ复合材料.阻抗谱测试表明,含纳米尺寸NiO的复合材料的极化电阻更小,电导率更高.以质量分数为55%的NiO-YSZ为阳极材料,并将其封接成单电池.结果表明,含纳米尺寸NiO的复合阳极制成的单电池,其输出功率更高,短路电流更大.通过减小NiO晶粒尺寸,可增大阳极三相反应界面长度,并获得性能优良的阳极材料.     

利用钐掺杂氧化铈提高燃料电池阳极活性

用浸渍法制备并采用交流阻抗、极化等技术考察了不同组成的Ni-Sm3＋掺杂的CeO2(SDC) 复合镍阳极的电化学性能及相应电池的功率输出性能.结果表明，SDC掺入镍阳极后,阳极极化过电位及电池的欧姆电阻显著减小.其中阳极过电位的减小与SDC掺入镍电极引起的三相界扩展有关，但SDC的掺入同时引起了电极反应活化能的增加,造成低温下Ni-SDC的极化过电位大于纯Ni电极.高温下,Ni-SDC阳极的阻抗谱由两个半圆组成，其中高频半圆随着SDC掺入量的增加而减小,而低频环与SDC的掺入量基本无关.低温下只观察到一个高频环.高频环可能对应三相界反应,而低频环可能对应氢的解离吸附及扩散.75％（w）Ni-25％（w）SDC/La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)/Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3(SSC)在所研究的电池中具有最大功率输出密度，其值在1073、973、873 K下分别达到1.1、0.43、0.14 W•cm－2.     

复合阳极共烧制备致密La0.7Ca0.3Cr0.97O3-δ连接体薄膜的研究

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)陶瓷连接材料的低成本薄膜化制备是现在公认的技术难题。为了改善传统NiO/YSZ阳极与LaCrO3基连接材料的共烧匹配性能,将化学性质稳定的Y0.7Ca0.3Cr0.9Zn0.1O3-δ(YCCZ)连接材料创造性地引入到NiO/YSZ阳极中,制备NiO/YSZ/YCCZ(6∶4∶2,m/m/m)三相复合阳极,并进行烧结特性、微观结构、电导率、热膨胀系数等系列性能的对比测试,结果表明NiO/YSZ/YCCZ新型复合阳极具有优良的综合性能。以NiO/YSZ/YCCZ为支撑体,采用浆料浸渍法制备湿膜,1 400℃空气条件下共烧,成功制备致密La0.7Ca0.3Cr0.97O3-δ连接体薄膜。     

SDC和SSC在低温常压电化学合成氨中的性能研究

用溶胶—凝胶法制备了Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ(SDC)和Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO 3-δ（SSC）超细粉体,采用XRD、TEM和SEM等对粉体进行了观察和表征。分别以Ni-SDC和SSC为阴极, 磺化聚砜质子交换膜为电解质, Ni- SDC金属陶瓷为阳极,银-铂网做集流体组成单电池,在25℃～120℃温度范围内研究了其电导率随温度变化关系及在电化学合成氨中的性能。结果表明：在25℃～120℃温度范围内,使用Ni-SDC和SSC为阴极均有氨气生成,而SSC对电化学合成氨的性能优于Ni-SDC, 在80℃时氨产率达到了6.5×10-9 mol•s-1•cm-2。     

片状纳米NiO的制备及其电化学电容性能

电化学电容器又名超级电容器，是近年来出现的一种新型储能器件，已起了人们的广泛关注。本工作采用改良沉淀法制备了Ni（OH）2粉末，并通过热处理得到纳米NiO材料，研究了其电化学电容性能。实验所制备的纳米NiO比容量值高达1081F／g。     

利用Nafion膜和SFCN在低温常压下电化学合成氨

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce0.8Sm0.2O2δ（SDC）和SmFe0.7Cu0.3-xNixO3（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）（SFCN）系列超细粉体,用XRD、TEM和SEM等方法对其进行了表征.分别将NiO-SDC和SFCN系列超细粉体干压成片并烧结成陶瓷,以SFCN系列陶瓷片为阴极,Nafion膜为电解质,NiO-SDC还原后得到的Ni-SDC金属陶瓷为阳极,银-铂网为集流体组成单电池,在低温常压下研究了其在电化学合成氨中的性能.结果表明：在25-100℃和施加电压的条件下,使用SFCN系列陶瓷片为阴极时均有氨气在阴极生成,其中SmFe0.7Cu0.1Ni0.2O3作阴极时电化学合成氨的性能最佳,在80℃时氨的合成速率为1.13×10^-8mol·s^-1·cm^-2,其电流效率为90.4%.     

介孔CeNiO催化剂的合成及其丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯反应性能

以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和三嵌段共聚物P123为混合模板剂,尿素为沉淀剂,采用均匀沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的NiO和CeNiO催化剂.考察了催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氧反应性能,并利用用N₂吸附-脱附、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）等技术对催化剂进行了表征.活性测试结果表明,在400-450℃范围内NiO和CeNiO催化剂有相似的催化性能,但后者表现出较高的低温（<400℃）催化活性.325℃反应时,纯NiO上丙烯收率仅为3.1%,而5CeNiO(n_Ce/n_Ni=5%)催化剂上丙烯收率高达12.2%.N₂吸附-脱附和TEM结果表明,制备的NiO和CeNiO催化剂均有较大的比表面积且具有虫孔状介孔结构.H₂-TPR结果表明,CeNiO催化剂中由于Ce的存在使得得一部分氧物种的可还原性能明显增强,这可能是该催化剂具有较高催化活性的重要原因.     

过渡金属氧化物对Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)晶体结构的影响

以低温燃烧合成工艺制备掺杂粉体,研究过渡金属氧化物(NiO,CuO,MnO_2,V_2O_5等)对Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)(SDC)电解质晶体结构的影响。用XRD,SEM,TEM等检测方法,表征Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)粉体掺杂过渡金属氧化物后晶体结构发生的变化。结果表明:SDC晶体掺杂过渡金属后,晶格发生不同程度膨胀,其中,掺杂NiO和CuO对SDC晶格产生的膨胀效果最为显著。SDC晶体结构的变化,必将引起其离子导电性、热学性能等重要性能的变化。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.