南开大学化学系简介

南开大学化学系简介南开大学位于我国北方最大的滨海现代化城市——天津，是国家教委直属重点综合大学。它创建于伟大的五四运动时期，至今已有７５年的历史，举世崇敬的周思来总理是南开大学第一期学生。南开大学化学系创建于１９２１年，著名化学家、已故名誉校长杨石先...     

北方首个国家海产品质检中心开建

我国北方首个国家海产品质检中心不久前在山东威海开工，将建成集海产品检验及科技研发、人才培养等功能于一体的专业技术机构，成为服务北方乃至全国海洋经济发展的高端技术平台。随着山东半岛蓝色经济区建设上升为国家战略，山东省委、省政府《关于贯彻落实的实施意见》将威海国家海产品质检中心建设列在首位，定为一号重点工程。     

药物基因和蛋白筛选国家实验室落户东北师大

我国新组建的十个生物领域国家工程实验室之一——药物基因和蛋白筛选国家工程实验室，不久前落户东北师范大学。     

棉铃虫性信息素顺-11-十六碳烯-1-醛及其反式几何异构体的合成

顺-11-十六碳烯-1醛(1)是世界上许多地区棉花害虫——棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)——的性信息素。也是某些其它害虫如二化螟(chilo suppresslis)等的性信息素或其组份。棉铃虫在我国北方棉区危害颇为严重,为了棉铃虫的测报和防治试验需要,我们合成了化合物(1)及其反式几何异构体(8)。关于化合物(1)的合成,Nesbittt和Sekul等虽曾简单地叙述过相同的示意合成路线,但未见具     

杭州老虎洞窑古陶瓷成分的化学计量学研究

用支持向量机算法研究了与杭州老虎洞古陶瓷有关的两个断源、断代问题。作为化学计量学的～种新型分类算法,支持向量机在小样本问题上表现出良好的泛化能力,与特征选择方法结合,可以有效处理样本少,特征多的问题。本研究综合利用支持向量机、特征选择算法和其它化学计量学算法研究了杭州凤凰山麓万松岭附近的古窑遗址和“传世哥窑”的断源、断代问题,证明老虎洞窑与郊坛下窑产品截然不同,万松岭附近地面收集瓷片样本是老虎洞窑宋代地层的瓷片滑落所致,而“传世哥窑”样品可能是老虎洞窑元代时的产品。实验表明：支持向量机算法与化学分析相结合可以成为研究古陶瓷断源和断代问题的一种新方法。     

化工機械常識(六)

2 石灰燒製窰 这種窑的特點是煤與石灰石相接觸,煤所發出的热能充分的被利用。原料——石灰石——由(A)口放入經過闸板(B)調節原料進入的速度,这時原料和由(D)門進入的煤相混合渐漸落到(C)中開始燃燒。燒成的石灰     

一种工业废料用于催化气化的尝试

筛选工业废料用于煤炭催化气化,以求解决回收催化剂的难题。所用水泥窑灰对丹东无烟煤和黄县褐煤均有较好的催化活性,可以大大提高碳的转化率,缩短气化时间。达到相同转化率时,用它催化可比无催化的反应温度降低约100℃。水泥窑灰中主要活性组分为K_2SO_4和CaCO_3。动力学测试表明,添加窑灰与不添加窑灰的气化反应均属一级反应。     

乌鸡白凤丸及乌骨鸡、土鸡中微量元素的分析

采用原子吸收法分析了乌鸡白凤丸，泰和乌骨鸡和土鸡的某些无机元素含量并进行了对照研究。结果表明，乌鸡白凤丸的南方方中无机元素含量比北方方丰富，有更好的养血，补血功效，但北方方也有其特点。     

离子液体中安替比林色酮Sehiff碱的合成

在离子液体中,4-氨基安替比林和取代-3-甲酰基色酮反应,合成了4种含色酮环的Schiff碱(其中2种为新化合物),收率77%～94%,其结构经1H NMR和巩表征.     

生物质与煤混燃机理:固态沉积特性

为了解在1 200 ℃不同反应时间条件下宜阳煤与水稻秸秆混燃的沉积性质,以18 kW的沉降炉为实验平台,利用扫描电镜及能谱,X射线衍射和电子探针方法对混燃的沉积物进行研究。研究表明,不同的混合比例或者不同反应时间条件下,沉积物中的Si、Al和Ca元素变化不大;表面的钾长石的黏性使沉积物更容易富集,而沉积物内部钾长石使沉积物的结构更加稳定;铝硅酸盐和Fe元素在沉积过程中都起了重要的作用。     

Study on the provenance of ancient Yaozhou celadon made at Lidipo and Shangdian during Kin period using nuclear technology

Yaozhou Kiln at Lidipo and Shangdian are two independent porcelain kiln groups of Yaozhou kiln series in Shanxi Province. Both of them were consisted of some individual porcelain kilns. The samples of 20 pieces of porcelain sherds produced in Shangdian and 43 pieces of porcelain sherds made in Lidipo sites which produced in Kin Dynasty (1115–1234 A.D.) have been collected. The main chemical compositions in body were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The contents of trace elements were measured using neutron activation analysis (NAA). Principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise discriminant analysis were used to study the provenance characteristic of these samples. The results indicated that the main components and trace elements in the specimen can be used to reveal the provenance characteristic.     

X-ray emission fluorescence (XRF) analysis of origin of raw materials of light dark reddish brown porcelain and porcelain with black flower on a white background of Dangyangyu kiln

Dangyangyu kiln was an important civil porcelain production place in the North China during the Song Dynasty. In order to find out the source of raw materials of the porcelain body and glaze and their classification relationship so as to correctly distinguish them, we have used XRF to determine the major chemical elements of some porcelain samples with light brown and samples with black flower on a white background. Dynamic fuzzy cluster analysis was applied to the data. Results indicate that the origin of raw materials of light brown porcelain body samples is comparatively more concentrated, while that of the porcelain with black flower on a white background is scattered about. The origin of the body materials of those two kinds of porcelain samples is obviously different. The origin of raw materials of light brown porcelain samples is comparatively concentrated and stable, while that of the porcelain with black flower on a white background is scattered about, moreover, the origin of glaze raw materials and the formula of the two kinds are obviously different. The origin and formula of the light brown porcelain with white glaze in the interior are close to those of the white glaze of porcelain with black flower on a white background, but they are not entirely identical.     

Study of provenance character on ancient porcelain of Yue Kiln at Silongkou with NAA

Chemical composition is an important information of studying the provenance character of ancient pottery and porcelain. The ancient celadon samples produced in Later Tang (850–907 A.D.) to Former Southern Song (1127–1279 A.D.) have been analyzed with NAA. Its provenance characteristic was compared with that of Hongzhou Kiln of Jiangxi Province and Yaozhou Kiln of Shanxi Province in this paper. The experimental data were studied with statistic methods. The results indicated that the chemical compositions of ancient porcelain body samples made in three kilns were different. The difference is able to be identified. The porcelain body materials of both Silongkou Yue Kiln and Hongzhou Kiln were similar. The samples of Yaozhou kiln in north of China existed obvious difference.     

Monitoring and possible reduction of HF in stack flue gases from ceramic tiles

HF (hydrogen fluoride) emission control is one of the critical environmental parameters in the firing of ceramic materials at peak temperatures higher than 1000 °C. In this study, in-stack concentrations of HF were monitored on-line with laser-based equipment during the fast firing of ceramic tiles in continuous industrial roller hearth kilns under standard kiln operating conditions.Three different ceramic tile compositions: porous red-body wall tiles, red-body stoneware tiles, and porcelain tiles were fired in industrial kilns customarily used to manufacture these types of tiles, modifying the heating rate and tile dry bulk density. The in-stack concentrations of HF can be explained on the basis of tile HF adsorption and emission processes in the kiln preheating and firing zones, analysed in previous studies.The methodology used in this study has significant advantages for industrial studies compared with previous methodologies based primarily on laboratory-scale studies and analysis of solid material. The main advantages are: (a) rapid response, allowing abrupt changes in the HF emission to be studied; and (b) direct measurement of the in-stack concentration of HF, which is the most common parameter used as a legal limit for industrial emission control.The study shows that tile HF adsorption in the preheating zone is very important. It also shows that HF stack emissions can vary significantly in continuous kilns depending on whether glazed or unglazed tiles are produced, or important changes occur in production (such as gaps in the kiln feed). The results indicate, furthermore, that HF stack emissions do not decrease significantly when realistic changes are made in industrial operating conditions if these industrial kilns are run at peak temperatures above 1100 °C. The most important reduction in in-stack concentrations of HF is observed when glazed ceramic tiles are fired, so further research in this field can be made in order to reduce HF emissions.     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法分析金元时代的钧窑瓷器

应用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定了16个金元时期钧窑瓷器胎、釉样品的化学组成。由结果可知:金元钧瓷胎具有低硅高铝的北方瓷器特点,釉则多为钙碱釉。金元时期样品与北宋时期钧窑瓷器胎釉化学组成比较,金元时期钧窑样品的化学组成变化较大,从因子分析散点图可见,北宋钧官窑样品化学组成变化不大;金元钧窑与北宋钧民窑样品制作工艺上存在继承和发展的关系,但金元时期对原料选择和配方的控制已不如北宋时期严格,反映出金元时期的钧窑已处于衰落阶段。     

激光电离飞行时间质谱技术用于古代瓷片中元素的检测及元素成像分析

采用自制激光电离飞行时间质谱(LI-TOF-MS)及多元素成像体系,尝试分析了古瓷片中的多种元素.对一块北宋龙泉青瓷瓷片及一块仿古青瓷瓷片样品进行了表面元素分析,所得多元素半定量分析结果表明,这两种瓷片的胎体和釉面中所含元素的种类及含量存在差异;同时对一块明代青花瓷片进行表面多元素成像分析,获得Co,Mn,Fe,Ni,Ba,Ca,Mg,Na,Al,Si,P,K,Cu,Zn和Rb的元素成像图.     

The reason of the collapse of an ancient kiln in Egnazia from mineralogical and thermal analysis of ceramic finds

Two kilns, one of which collapsed during firing cycle together with its entire pottery load, have been excavated at the Egnazia site in Southern Italy. To understand the reason for the collapse, ‘Broad Line’ typology pottery finds were analysed by complementary analytical techniques. Analytical results not only suggest as cause of collapse sudden overheating in kiln due to uncontrolled increases in temperature, but also indicate a good technological cycle from the recovery of raw materials to the manufacturing and firing process, which tends to disprove the common assumption of non-professional production.     

Simulating minerals pyroprocessing by thermal analysis

TG and DTA studies on laboratory cement raw mixes and raw dolomite have been extensively reported in the literature. This paper discusses four aspects. (1) Calcination kinetics of raw mix by isothermal TG and calculation of rate constants to derive activation energy by Arrhenius plots. (2) Quantification by TG of minerals in Indian laterites. The amount of goethite appears to influence burnability of raw mix. (3) Determination of practical heat of clinker formation from DTA studies and establishment of enthalpy temperature relationship of raw mix for heat transfer studies in rotary kilns. (4) Prediction of material temperature profile in a dolomite kiln from DTA studies of raw dolomite.     

HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection for the determination of procyanidins in white wines

Summary In this study a high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the determination of procyanidin dimers B1, B2, B3, B4 and procyanidin trimers C1 and T2 in white wine using fluorescence detection. This method allowed analysis of white wine with no prior treatment. Limits of quantification were form 12 μg.L⁻¹ to 16 μg.L⁻¹. Reproductibility data for replicate analysis was measured and the CV was less than 4.5%. This method was used for the determination of these compounds in six French white wines.     

水热法合成高岭石中掺杂铁的影响

以掺杂合成高岭石为研究对象,讨论了铁含量与合成高岭石白度之间的关系,并对目标物进行了X射线衍射和差热分析等表征,探讨了铁在合成高岭石中的存在状态.