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基于介质阻挡放电等离子体体积力气动激励机理,数值研究了两种等离子体流动控制方案对螺旋桨桨径根部处于负攻角工况下叶素气动性能的改善效果.结果显示,激励器布置在下翼面时等离子体体积力大于其布置在叶素前后缘时的情况;激励器布置在下翼面时,可抑制流动分离,使得螺旋桨桨根部位叶素产生更大的负拉力,但会减小螺旋桨的扭矩;激励器布置在前后缘时,会使螺旋桨根部叶素拉力增大,提高螺旋桨总拉力,但不能抑制流动分离,所以会增大螺旋桨的扭矩.     

一种叶片前缘前带微小圆柱的垂直轴风力机

本文提出了一种通过在叶片前缘前设置微小圆柱来抑制叶片上流动分离的控制方法,并对采用此流动控制方法后的升力型垂直轴风力机的气动性能进行了数值研究。结果表明,在大攻角情况下,翼型前缘前设置微小圆柱可以有效地抑制风力机叶片上的流动分离,得到增升减阻的效果;同时,与传统的升力型垂直轴风力机相比,前缘前设置微小圆柱后的垂直轴风力机在低尖速比下的风能利用率可得到大幅度的提高。     

等离子体激励翼型分离流动控制数值模拟

文章利用CFD软件FLUENT中的自定义函数接口, 将等离子体对中性气体的激励作用模型化为体积力引入Navier-Stokes方程, 研究了等离子体气动激励诱导的平板射流, 以及介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge, DBD)等离子体激励对NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流的控制作用.计算分析表明, 多对电极等离子体激励器可以有效控制NACA0015翼型大迎角分离流动.      

振荡射流改善翼型气动性能的实验研究

本文针对采用振荡射流控制流动分离改善大攻角下翼型气动特性的问题,在NACA0015翼型上进行了多种工况的风洞实验。结果表明:在失速攻角附近,振荡射流抑制流动分离提高翼型升力系数的作用十分明显,可将翼型失速攻角推迟2°左右。存在最佳的振荡射流频率段、射流动量范围和射流位置,使得翼型性能的改善最大。实验还得到了振荡射流的频率、动量和施加位置等参数对翼型气动性能的影响规律。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制实验研究

通过平板实验和压气机叶栅实验研究了介质阻挡放电等离子体所产生的电动力对外流流动和内流流动边界层的加速作用.平板实验中采用LDV测量了介质阻挡放电等离子体在静止流场中诱导出的速度场,并研究了激励电压和频率对诱导速度大小的影响;在不同来流速度情况下,测量了等离子体激励对速度剖面的改变.通过低负荷和高负荷压气机叶栅实验,利用三孔探针研究了等离子体激励对栅后总压、速度以及流动分离的影响.实验中发现,流速低于20 m/s时,加电产生等离子体后,可显著改善栅后总压和速度分布;流速接近50 m/s时,等离子体仍会明显改变总压和速度的最小值;在低速下等离子体激励抑制流动分离是有效的.     

垂直轴风力机翼型动态气动特性研究

目前针对垂直轴风力机翼型动态气动特性研究尚缺乏充分的实验数据支持,本文基于Qing'anLi等的风力机实验对翼型动态气动特性展开研究。根据叶片切向力系数与法向力系数的实验数据,基于叶素理论,处理得到三种尖速比下NACA0021翼型的升阻力系数与方位角、攻角的关系曲线。研究结果表明;翼型的动态气动特性显著异于静态气动特性。不同尖速比的动态气动特性十分相似。攻角处于正攻角上升态时,失速起于43°,完全失速发生在52°,最大升力点在47°;升力系数变化趋势为近似的线性上升、线性下降;阻力系数经历近似的零保持、线性上升、陡然上升、峰值保持四个阶段。     

三电极共面介质阻挡放电的放电特性及诱导气流实验研究

等离子体流动控制激励器由于其响应速度快、激励频带宽、能量损耗低、可靠性强的优势,在航空航天领域的主动流动控制等方面得到了广泛应用.文章提出了一种新型的等离子体气动激励器——三电极共面介质阻挡放电激励器,研究了该激励器电极结构对放电特性和诱导气流速度的影响,并与传统共面介质阻挡放电和沿面介质阻挡放电激励器进行了比较.结果表明:（1）随着激励电压的提高,高压电极和地电极之间先出现了丝状放电并逐渐延伸到第三电极;（2）随着第三电极与高压电极之间的距离增大,诱导气流速率从2.4 m/s下降到0 m/s,而第三电极宽度的变动对诱导气流速度影响可忽略不计;（3）相同外部条件下,该激励器诱导的气流速度小于沿面介质阻挡放电激励器,但高于共面介质阻挡放电激励器.      

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在超音速风洞中进行了等离子体气动激励改变激波系结构的实验,考察了介质阻挡放电和横向直流放电对于激波系结构的影响。实验结果表明介质阻挡放电所产生的等离子体能够影响流场附面层。采用逆气流DBD放电后,激波强度略有增大;采用顺气流放电后,激波强度略有减弱。相对于介质阻挡放电,横向直流放电对减弱激波强度影响稍大。     

非设计工况下叶栅分离流动的非定常特性

本文针对非设计工况下叶栅的分离流动进行研究。基于任意曲线坐标下的N-S方程,对不同攻角下单排叶栅的流动分离情况进行数值分析。计算结果表明,在零攻角和较小的负攻角情况下,流动基本呈现定常流动的特性。在正攻角情况下,特别是随着正攻角的加大,流动呈现明显的非定常流动特性,如大分离和涡的脱落现象等。     

平面激光诱导荧光技术在交错电极介质阻挡放电等离子体研究中的初步应用

利用平面激光诱导荧光技术对交错电极介质阻挡放电过程中产生的痕量组分NO进行了检测. 通过数值模拟对实验结果进行了分析说明,并对介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制原理进行了简要分析. 此外还通过平面激光诱导荧光技术对等离子体诱导流动进行了直观显示. 关键词： 平面激光诱导荧光 等离子体 介质阻挡放电     

等离子体气动激励机理数值研究

基于介质阻挡与准直流电弧放电的物理过程, 分析了它们的气动激励机理, 建立了各自的气动激励模型, 并分别研究了它们对低速和超声速流动的激励效果. 结果显示: 介质挡板放电等离子体气动激励机理是改变了连续流体中的三种力, 即由牛顿内摩擦引起的剪切应力、由电动力学引起的体积力及由压力突变引起的冲击力, 其中基于电动力学的体积力效应占主导地位; 临近空间环境中体积力的作用效果更强, 诱导速度更大; 超声速来流下准直流电弧放电气动激励机理主要是等离子体的热阻塞效应, 本文所建立的爆炸丝传热模型可以用于仿真其控制激波的过程; 热电弧对于超声速来流而言就像一个具有一定斜坡角度的虚拟突起, 可用于高超声速飞行器前体激波的控制.     

交错电极介质阻挡放电等离子体弦向特性的研究

在绝缘材料两侧交错布置电极的方式是航空领域所使用的等离子体激励器与众不同之处,因此航空等离子体激励器生成的等离子体具有沿弦向变化特点。利用光谱仪、红外热像仪、激光诱导荧光系统(LIF)对交错电极介质阻挡放电等离子体弦向特性进行了实验研究,并对介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制机理作了初步的探讨。实验中发现等离子体发光强度和温度沿弦向的分布基本符合高斯分布;发射等离子体光谱强度随着电压升高而增大;等离子体弦向温度随激励电压的增大而增加;通过LIF系统直接检测到放电产生的NO。通过数值模拟得到电极附近的电势和电场强度分布进而对实验现象作了初步的解释,并在以上实验的基础上,将等离子体流动控制机理归纳为撞击效应、温升效应和化学反应效应。     

Dielectric barrier plasma dynamics for active aerodynamic flow control

The paper investigates the dynamics of a new multiple bipolar multiple Dielectric Barrier Discharges(DBD)actuator using in large-scale flow control.Particle image velocimetry experiments are performed to characteristic the effectiveness of the multiple bipolar DBD plasma actuator.The results show that the mutual interaction between the electrodes,one major disadvantage of traditional DBD characterized by reverse discharge can be entirely avoided,and a constantly accelerating electric wind velocity can be obtained by using the new multiple bipolar DBD plasma actuator.     

Dynamic evolution of vortex structures induced by tri-electrode plasma actuator

Plasma flow control is a new type of active flow control approach based on plasma pneumatic actuation.Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) actuators have become a focus of international aerodynamic research.However,the practical applications of typical DBDs are largely restricted due to their limited discharge area and low relative-induced velocity.The further improvement of performance will be beneficial for engineering applications.In this paper,high-speed schlieren and high-speed particle image velocimetry(PIV) are employed to study the flow field induced by three kinds of plasma actuations in a static atmosphere,and the differences in induced flow field structure among typical DBD,extended DBD(EX-DBD),and tri-electrode sliding discharge(TED) are compared.The analyzing of the dynamic evolution of the maximum horizontal velocity over time,the velocity profile at a fixed horizontal position,and the momentum and body force in a control volume reveals that the induced velocity peak value and profile velocity height of EX-DBD are higher than those of the other two types of actuation,suggesting that EX-DBD actuation has the strongest temporal aerodynamic effect among the three types of actuations.The TED actuation not only can enlarge the plasma extension but also has the longest duration in the entire pulsed period and the greatest influence on the height and width of the airflow near the wall surface.Thus,the TED actuation has the ability to continuously influencing a larger three-dimensional space above the surface of the nlasma actuator.     

临近空间螺旋桨叶素非定常等离子体增效实验研究

基于等离子体诱导射流雷诺相似原则和螺旋桨叶素理论,开展了螺旋桨叶素地面风洞实验,比较了定常与非定常两种激励模式对螺旋桨拉力的影响,以及非定常模式下占空比、频率的影响。结果表明：相同电压幅值下,定常模式对螺旋桨拉力增效为9.8%,非定常模式对螺旋桨增效大于定常模式,非定常模式下最大增效 20.4%。螺旋桨桨叶相对半径在0.4 与0.85 之间时,非定常等离子体流动控制对螺旋桨叶素拉力增效较好,将等离子体激励器布置在桨叶相对半径0.4 与0.85 之间可提高能量利用率。相同重复频率下,螺旋桨增效随着占空比的减小而增大,占空比为10%时,增效最大。相同占空比下,重复频率存在一个最优值,频率为30Hz 时,等离子体对螺旋桨的增效最大。     

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Based on Reynolds similar principles of plasma-induced jet and propeller blade element theory, experiment of propeller blade element wind tunnel was conducted. The effects of constant and unsteady model were compared, effect of different duty cycle and the frequency in unsteady model were studied. The results showed that: at the same voltage, the enhancement of propeller thrust was 9.8% by steady mode, unsteady mode was greater than the steady mode in enhancement of propeller thrust, the enhancement up to 20.4% in unsteady mode. The thrust enhancement of propeller blade elements by plasma was obvious with relative radius between 0.4 and 0.85, in order to improve energy efficiency, plasma actuator could be arranged between blade relative radius of 0.4 and 0.85. At the same frequency, enhancement of propeller thrust increased with duty cycle decreasing, and in duty cycle of 10%, the enhancement was greatest. At the same duty cycle, there existed an optimal frequency, it was 30Hz in which plasma enhanced propeller thrust the most.     

Visualization of the inflow ahead of a rotating propeller attached to a container ship model

The inflow ahead of a rotating propeller attached to a container ship model was visualized using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. For illuminating the inflow region, a transparent window was installed at the stern of the ship model. Ensemble-averaged mean velocity fields were measured at four different blade phases under the design loading condition. The characteristics of the inflow in the upper plane above the propeller axis are quite different from those below the propeller axis. In the far upstream region above the propeller axis, most of the inflow comes from the hull wake and the axial velocity is very small. As the inflow moves toward the propeller plane, its axial velocity component increases rapidly. In addition, the variation of the inflow characteristics with respect to phase angle becomes apparent. The thick hull boundary layer and out-of-plane motion resulting from the propeller rotation produce a large turbulent kinetic energy around the tip of the propeller blade in the upper inflow region. The axial velocity distribution of the propeller inflow is asymmetric with respect to the vertical center axis, exhibiting different axial velocities on the port and starboard sides.     

介质阻挡放电等离子体与激波相互作用实验研究

 主要针对介质阻挡放电等离子体改变激波系结构展开了实验研究。验证了介质阻挡放电等离子体气动激励能够对边界层施加影响,顺气流放电时能减小激波强度,逆气流放电时能增大激波强度。逆气流放电时,3组电极放电与4组电极放电比较,3组电极放电时压比更高。由于在该实验中放电区域比边界层小得多,介质阻挡放电产生的体积力远小于高速来流条件下的气动力,因此对激波的作用效果十分微弱。