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为了研究靶材料对快电子能量分布的影响,采用电子谱仪测量了飞秒激光与Cu和CH靶相互作用中在靶前和靶后产生的快电子能谱。结果显示,在靶前Cu和CH靶的快电子能谱相似,反应了快电子发射对靶材料的依赖性较弱;在靶后Cu和CH靶的快电子能谱具有明显的差异,说明电子的输运过程与靶材料密切相关。冷电子环流以及自生磁场是导致Cu靶快电子能谱"软化"的原因,而对于CH靶麦克斯韦分布的快电子能谱主要由碰撞机制决定。     

飞秒激光与薄膜Cu靶作用时质子能谱实验

采用飞秒激光辐照固体薄膜Cu靶的方式对质子束的产生及质子束能谱开展了实验研究。在SILEX-Ⅰ飞秒激光装置上,保持脉宽为30 fs不变,测量了不同激光能量和功率密度下辐照7 m Cu靶时的质子能谱。研究结果表明：质子沿着靶背法线方向发射,质子在一定能量处出现截断;随着质子束能量的增加,质子束流减小;轰击厚为7 m的Cu靶时,激光能量越大则质子束流越强;随着激光功率密度的增加,质子截止能也随之增加。     

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在有梯度的静磁场中,对由软磁材料制作的磁屏蔽罩所受的静磁力的量级进行了评估.使用有限元分析和实验测试的方法研究了纯铁方形屏蔽罩在梯度静磁场中的受力情况,结果表明:把内腔尺寸100mm×100mm×150mm、罩体厚度为20mm的方形屏蔽罩放置在强度约为0.2T、梯度为0.03T?m-1的磁场中,其所受的静磁力约为184N,与其自身重力相当;静磁力随磁场强度的升高而增大;有限元分析与实验测试结果的偏差在0.2T背景磁场下约为21%.因此,在考虑一定余量的情况下,使用有限元计算评估屏蔽罩在静磁场中的受力情况是一种有效和比较可靠的方法.     

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为了实现 EAST 装置真空室内的内窥多关节机械臂的实时高精度控制,提出了一种逆运动学算法,即建立机械臂多变量的方程组,转化成为矩阵的特征值问题求解。为了验证和满足实际控制的需要,还基于 VC++6.0 开发了 MFC 运动学算法程序。结果表明,该算法能在 ms 级别内得到机械臂的所有运动学逆解。     

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利用分子动力学方法模拟了碳原子与碳氢薄膜的作用过程。探讨了不同入射能量对碳原子与碳氢薄膜相互作用的影响。模拟结果表明碳原子与碳氢薄膜作用会在表面形成碳薄膜。随着入射能量的增加,碳薄膜厚度变薄。在碳薄膜中碳原子的成键形式主要为Csp2-Csp2和Csp2-Csp3,随入射能量的增加,碳原子键价结合形式从Csp2-Csp2向Csp2-Csp3转化。     

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采用Nelder-Mead单纯形算法实现了等离子体隐身时多个等离子体参数的优化反演,初步解决了隐身应用研究中等离子体参数的局部最优取值问题.反演结果表明,对于非磁化均匀冷等离子体,在选定的参数取值范围内,吸收程度由等离子体的电子密度、碰撞频率及等离子体层厚度共同决定.等离子体层厚度决定了最佳吸收波长,且当入射雷达波频率大于某一频率时,等离子体碰撞频率趋于一个稳定值.     

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利用脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱仪(LIBS)结合SEM、EDX和维氏硬度(HV)等分析手段,分析了316L不锈钢在350℃的液态锂中静态腐蚀500h后的腐蚀特性.微观形貌分析表明:样品存在较明显的晶间腐蚀,其腐蚀层厚度约为2.7μm.硬度分析表明:腐蚀后表面硬度值约HV234.72,约是腐蚀前硬度值的0.78倍.LIBS组分分析表明:经液态锂腐蚀后的样品表面Ni、Cr等元素含量相对减少;在被腐蚀区域Li元素含量随激光击打深度的增加而减少,而Ni、Cr等元素含量与之近似呈成正比递增;母材区Li元素的渗透深度约3.5μm,约是焊缝区的0.6倍.     

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HL-2A和HL-1M装置采用了激光吹气注入高Z杂质来缓减大破裂中的等离子体电流衰竭,并给出了初步实验结果。在HL-2A装置上建立了利用MHD扰动的参量预报放电破裂先兆的报警系统,研制了MHD实时检测与处理系统,实现了放电破裂先兆的预报、快速触发激光吹气、形成阻性高辐射等离子体、消耗热能和磁能,缓减大破裂。实验证明,这是一种使得大型聚变实验装置在放电破裂之前显著减少等离子体中热能和磁能,而且能安全终止放电的简单、快速和有效的途径。     

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实验研究了超短超强激光与7μm薄膜Cu靶的相互作用中靶背法线方向产生的质子和碳离子的能量分布。实验中采用CR39和Thomson磁谱仪相结合测量质子和碳离子能谱。实验中观察到了质子和C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+离子。实验结果表明:离子沿着靶背法线方向发射,离子在一定能量处出现截断;质子的产额远远高于碳离子产额;C4+、C3+、C2+和C1+最大截止能之比约为4:3:2:1。     

飞秒激光中高能质子的产生与加速的研究

为了探索飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用中高能质子的产生和加速机制,在超短超强激光装置“SILEX-I”上进行了飞秒激光与平面固体薄膜Cu靶的相互作用中高能质子空间分布、能谱和产额的实验研究。实验采用固体核径迹探测器CR39和Thomson离子谱仪相结合的方式,在固体靶背表面法线方向测量了质子空间分布、能谱和产额。实验结果表明：质子沿着靶背法线方向发射,质子空间分布呈圆环状,存在一定的立体角;质子在一定能量处出现截断;截断能量的大小与靶厚度有关。经分析,高能离子的产生和加速是多种作用机制共同作用的结果,其中静电场中的TNSA加速机制则占主导地位。     

The energy spectrum of fully developed turbulence generated by random stirring

For fully developed turbulence in an incompressible fluid described by the Navier-Stokes equations with Gaussian random forces the relation between the energy spectrum and the stirring mechanism is investigated within a variational approach. Therein, the effect of nonlinear mode coupling is approximated by a wave number dependent eddy viscosity determined via a nonlinear integral equation for the energy spectrum. For various stirring spectra analytic approximations are compared with the solution obtained numerically with a cutoff in the integral kernel which ensures in eddy relaxing processes that the stirring forces exert strain only on scales larger than the eddy size. The results are compared with renormalization group calculations and closure approximations. Random forces injecting energy at a ratek ^–1 into the wave number banddk aroundk lead to a Kolmogorov distribution of energy. The spectrum of small-scale velocity fluctuations is shown to be universal in the sense that it remains unchanged under variations of the long wavelength stirring spectra.     

100 TW激光与等离子体相互作用中质子背向发射的能谱测量

用100 TW激光器产生的超短超强激光与5 μm薄膜Cu靶的进行打靶实验,测量了靶背法线方向产生质子的角分布和能谱。实验中采用辐射变色膜片HD810测量质子的角分布,用CR39和Thomson磁谱仪结合测量质子能量分布。测量结果表明：质子发射张角为10°左右,质子沿着靶背法线方向发射,在能量为570 keV处出现截断。通过测量质子能量分布验证了超短超强激光等离子体相互作用过程中靶背法线鞘层质子加速机制。     

100 TW激光与等离子体相互作用中质子背向发射的能谱测量

 用100 TW激光器产生的超短超强激光与5 μm薄膜Cu靶的进行打靶实验，测量了靶背法线方向产生质子的角分布和能谱。实验中采用辐射变色膜片HD810测量质子的角分布，用CR39和Thomson磁谱仪结合测量质子能量分布。测量结果表明：质子发射张角为10°左右，质子沿着靶背法线方向发射，在能量为570 keV处出现截断。通过测量质子能量分布验证了超短超强激光等离子体相互作用过程中靶背法线鞘层质子加速机制。     

Statistical properties of the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse and a continuous X-ray

This study shows that the photoelectron energy spectrum generated by an intense laser pulse in the presence of a continuous X-ray has interesting and useful statistical properties. The total photoionization production is linearly propor- tional to the time duration of the laser pulse and the square of the beam size. The spectral double energy-integration is an intrinsic value of the laser-assisted X-ray photoionization, which linearly depends on the laser intensity and which quantita- tively reflects the strengths of the laser-field modulation and the quantum interference between photoelectrons. The spectral energy width also linearly depends on the laser intensity. These linear relationships suggest new methods for the in-situ measurement of laser intensity and pulse duration with high precision.     

Gold chloride cluster ions generated by vacuum laser ablation

In this work, a simple way for study the possibility of formation a vapor cluster species of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), using the laser ablation in the absence of a buffer or reactive atmosphere, and without a postablation supersonic expansion on a commercial matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer, is reported. Tetrachloroauric acid is known as precursor for the synthesis of gold nanostructures and the complex salts; therefore it is an important task to discover and quantify the species arising from HAuCl₄, in order to understand their role in the gold assisted reactions. Mass spectrum of HAuCl₄ in a reflector negative-ion mode contains the hydrated mono- and dinuclear gold clusters in the m/z range 286–436, and gold chloride clusters in the m/z range 447–795. In the first part of spectrum, m/z range 286–436, the hydrated gold cluster species of type Au _n ^? (H₂O)_m (n?=?1–2; m?=?1, 2, 5, 7, 8) and [Au_n(OH)_k]^?(H₂O)_m (n?=?1–2; k?=?1–2; m?=?1, 4–8) were found. Besides that, there are gold chloride clusters with general formula [AuH_r(HCl)₂]^?(H₂O)_m (m?=?1–5; 8–9; r?=?0–2) in this part of spectrum. In the second part of spectrum, the m/z range 447–795, only gold chloride clusters were obtained. Their general formulae can be written as [AuCl_t(HCl)_v]^?(H₂O)_m (t?=?1–4; v?=?5–8; m?=?2–4, 6–8) and [Au_n(HCl)_v]^?(H₂O)_m (n?=?1–2, v?=?4–5, m?=?1–2, 5, 7). The analysis of concentration effects on the LDI mass spectra of gold clusters reveals that the relative intensities of signals for the mono- and dinuclear Au clusters increase with decreasing the concentration of water HAuCl₄ solutions.     

超短脉冲超强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能离子的产生

用2D3V PIC粒子模拟方法得到了超短脉冲超强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能离子产生的图像,并对其机理进行了研究。在靶前后表面都观察到了高能离子的产生,并诊断了离子能谱。模拟结果表明,在靶前表面所产生的高能离子,角分布较大,在向靶内输运过程中会损失能量;在靶后表面产生的高能离子,定向性很好,能获得很高的能量。模拟得到的离子能量和实验观测结果在量级上相符。     

超短脉冲超强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能离子的产生

 用2D3V PIC粒子模拟方法得到了超短脉冲超强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能离子产生的图像，并对其机理进行了研究。在靶前后表面都观察到了高能离子的产生，并诊断了离子能谱。模拟结果表明，在靶前表面所产生的高能离子，角分布较大，在向靶内输运过程中会损失能量；在靶后表面产生的高能离子，定向性很好，能获得很高的能量。模拟得到的离子能量和实验观测结果在量级上相符。     

Low energy ion beams by laser interaction

We developed an ion accelerator with a double accelerating gap system supplied by two power generators of different polarity. The ions were generated by laser ion source technique. The laser plasma induced by an excimer KrF laser, freely expanded before the action of accelerating fields. After the first gap action, the ions were again accelerated by a second gap. The total acceleration can imprint a maximum ion energy up to 160 keV per charge state. We analysed the extracted charge from a Cu target as a function of the accelerating voltage at laser energy of 9, 11 and 17 mJ deposited on a spot of 0.005 cm². The peak of current density was 3.9 and 5.3 mA for the lower and medium laser energy at 60 kV. At the highest laser energy, the maximum output current was 11.7 mA with an accelerating voltage of 50 kV. The maximum ion dose was estimated to be 10¹² ions/cm². Under the condition of 60 kV accelerating voltage and 5.3 mA output current the normalized emittance of the beam measured by pepper pot method was 0.22 π mm mrad.     

超短脉冲强激光与固体靶作用产生的高次谐波红移

用一维粒子模拟程序研究了超短脉冲强激光与超临界密度等离子体平板作用产生的高次谐波。分析了振荡镜面模型所不能解释的伴随高次谐波出现的频率红移现象。通常激光与固体靶作用中的高次谐波是由于激光从振荡靶面的反射产生的.除此之外，相对论光强的激光与固体靶作用还应考虑光压对靶的烧蚀推进作用，这时激光相当于从一个移动的振荡靶面反射，所以产生了带有红移的高次谐波. 关键词： 红移 超短脉冲强激光 高次谐波 粒子模拟