在体监测吲哚氰绿在肿瘤中引起的X射线衰减

介绍了在体观测肿瘤内注射吲哚氰绿 (ICG) ,一种激光吸收染剂前后X射线衰减的实验结果。实验采用已种植两周的骨髓瘤细胞 (SP2 / 0 ) ,质量为 15～ 2 0g的BALB/c小鼠作为动物模型 ,采用数字X射线成像系统作为监测药物在肿瘤内扩散的机制。系统工作在 33kVp ,0 .3mA下 ,曝光时间 4s,采用 1.5×放大倍率。实验研究的是通过灰度值反应出不同区域的X射线衰减 ,和周围正常组织和图像中没有物体的背景区域相比较 ,注射ICG前后肿瘤内的灰度值发生了明显的变化。实验证明 ,使用数字X射线成像系统能够动态、有效、非侵入地监测ICG在肿瘤组织内的扩散 ,从而达到优化治疗结果的作用。     

Pharmacokinetic Monitoring of Indocyanine Green for Tumor Detection Using Photoacoustic Imaging

We report tumor detection using a photoacoustic technique for the imaging of angiogenesis and monitoring of agent pharmacokinetics on an animal model. We take 532-nm laser pulses to excite photoacoustic signals of blood vessels with acquisition by a broadband hydrophone, and the morphological characteristics of tumor angiogenesis are successfully image depicted. Furthermore, tumor pharmacokinetics is preformed and analyzed with fast multielement photoacoustic imaging of the intravenous-injected indocyanine green （ICG）. Photoacoustic signals of ICG are excited with 805 nm laser pulses and recorded by transducer array as a function of time. The difference between the photoacoustic signal from the tumor side and that from the normal side is observed, and the ICG clearance velocity in the tumor area is found to lag behind that in the normal area. Experimental results demonstrate that photoacoustie imaging of morphological parameter and pharmacokinetics with specific agent may provide high sensitive approach for tumor detection and localization.     

IR Luminescence of Polyfunctional Associates of Indocyanine Green and Ag2S Quantum Dots

Optics and Spectroscopy - In this work, manifestations of IR luminescence sensitization of Indocyanine Green during conjugation with colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with an average size of 2.2 and 3.7...     

Fluorescence Spectral Properties of Indocyanine Green on a Roughened Platinum Electrode: Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

The interactions of fluorophores with noble metal particles can modify their emission spectral properties, a relatively new phenomenon in fluorescence. We subsequently examined indocyanine green (ICG), which is widely used in medical testing and imaging, in close proximity to an electrically roughened platinum electrode. The emission intensity and lifetimes were decreased about 2-fold on the roughened surface as compared to a smooth Pt surface, and the photostability about the same. Platinum does not appear promising for metal enhanced fluorescence, at least for long wavelength fluorophores.     

Oxygen and Indocyanine Green loaded microparticles for dual-mode imaging and sonodynamic treatment of cancer cells

Oxygen and Indocyanine Green (ICG) loaded microparticles (OI-MPs) were fabricated by a gas-driven coaxial flow focusing (CFF) process for dual-mode imaging and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). The produced OI-MPs agent showed stable optical properties, superior imaging depth in near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, and enhanced acoustic contrast after ultrasound mediation. We hypothesized that encapsulating ICG and oxygen in microparticles would enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in SDT. This hypothesis was validated in a cell-free environment. We further hypothesized that ultrasound mediated fragmentation of the OI-MPs would induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cancer cells. This hypothesis was validated in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Our research demonstrated that OI-MPs can be potentially used as a dual-mode theranostic agent for image guided SDT with enhanced efficacy. Further study is needed to delineate the mechanism of ROS-induced cell apoptosis and optimize the OI-MPs formulation for the maximal anti-cancer potency.     

一种具有应用潜力的等离子体用绿色荧光粉

研究了绿色荧光粉Ca2GeO4∶Tb3+的真空紫外光谱性质,用172 nm激发荧光粉,其发射峰在549 nm,此绿色发光峰归属于Tb3+的5D4→7F5磁偶极跃迁,Tb3+离子的最佳摩尔分数x=0.05。激发光谱中147 nm和172 nm的激发强度分别是218 nm的1.5和1.7倍。因为在等离子体显示中激发光波长是147 nm和172nm,因此荧光粉在这两个波长的激发强度对荧光粉在等离子体显示中的应用至关重要。Al3+的共掺杂可使荧光粉的发光强度增强2倍,因此,Ca2GeO4∶Tb3+是一种具有应用潜力的等离子体显示用绿色荧光粉。     

吲哚菁绿对大鼠脑皮层血管近红外光学特性及光学相干层析成像的影响

研究观察了吲哚菁绿(ICG)对大鼠脑皮层血管近红外光谱学特性及光学相干层析成像(OCT)的影响。实验中,将SD大鼠颞部开颅,暴露并标记大脑中动脉,给予动物尾静脉注射ICG溶液,应用可见-近红外反射光谱仪和OCT系统检测脑皮层血管反射光谱的动态变化和衰减系数的特征性变化。结果显示,ICG注射后,大脑中动脉的反射光谱在ICG的吸收峰(800nm)左右出现一个特异性的低反射峰并随时间而逐渐变化;在注射ICG 3min时,本特异性低反射峰值达到最强,反射光谱的特征性变化可以为实现最佳OCT图像效果提供时间点。此外,ICG注射后的脑动脉OCT信号衰减系数为24.692±1.471,明显高于未注射ICG时15.088±1.602(p<0.01)。实验结果说明ICG可以增加血管对近红外光的吸收,为增强血管的检测能力提供理论参考,也为无损监测血管病变、肿瘤血管新生及血液动力学变化提供一种可行性检测手段。     

A Novel Method for Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on Circulating Tumor Cells and Machine Learning

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it can have a high mortality rate if left untreated or undiagnosed. The fact that CRC becomes symptomatic at advanced stages highlights the importance of early screening. The reference screening method for CRC is colonoscopy, an invasive, time-consuming procedure that requires sedation or anesthesia and is recommended from a certain age and above. The aim of this study was to build a machine learning classifier that can distinguish cancer from non-cancer samples. For this, circulating tumor cells were enumerated using flow cytometry. Their numbers were used as a training set for building an optimized SVM classifier that was subsequently used on a blind set. The SVM classifier’s accuracy on the blind samples was found to be 90.0%, sensitivity was 80.0%, specificity was 100.0%, precision was 100.0% and AUC was 0.98. Finally, in order to test the generalizability of our method, we also compared the performances of different classifiers developed by various machine learning models, using over-sampling datasets generated by the SMOTE algorithm. The results showed that SVM achieved the best performances according to the validation accuracy metric. Overall, our results demonstrate that CTCs enumerated by flow cytometry can provide significant information, which can be used in machine learning algorithms to successfully discriminate between healthy and colorectal cancer patients. The clinical significance of this method could be the development of a simple, fast, non-invasive cancer screening tool based on blood CTC enumeration by flow cytometry and machine learning algorithms.     

A Galileon design of slow expansion: Emergent universe

We parameterize the evolutions of the slow expansion, which emerges from a static state in infinite past, into different classes. We show that the scale invariant adiabatical perturbation may be generated during these evolutions, and the corresponding evolutions can be realized with generalized Galileon Lagrangians, in which there is not the ghost instability.     

A Novel Reconfiguration CPW Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Application

A novel reconfigurable millimeter-wave leaky-wave antenna is proposed according to the radiation characteristics of periodically loaded coplanar waveguide and simulated by the finite-difference time-domain method. The simulated results demonstrate that the single main beam of this antenna operating at 35.0GHz can scan with small steps in the E-plane from –90° to 90° except the angle around 0°. The main beam scanning is obtained by the antenna structure reconfiguration with nine discrete states controlled by embedded switches and two feed ports. The antenna is useful for millimeter-wave applications.     

药用植物化学分类法与红外指纹图谱的相关性研究

本文首次采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)对五加科、桔梗科、木兰科、樟科、豆科、蕨类等科目中的典型药用植物进行了系统研究,比较了各科内植物的异同,并且讨论了相同植物不同药用部位、不同采药时间对其红外谱图的影响。结合药典中关于药物主体有效成分的记载,分析了各药用植物谱图中主要成分的特征基团,对主要吸收峰进行了指认。在传统形态比较分类方法的基础上,FTIR可以成为一种快速、可靠、客观、有效的化学分类学的补充方法。     

A Novel 3R Regeneration and Its Application on PMD Mitigation

A novel 40 Gbit/s reamplified-reshaping-retiming （3R） regenerator is proposed and demonstrated based on a two-ring injection mode-locked fibre laser as the clock recovery and the electro-absorption modulator of the reshaping optical decision. A numerical model describing the cross-absorption modulation effect in a bulk electroabsorption modulator is presented. By this model, the shape and the extinction ratio of the optical decision gate is improved by optimizing the parameters. The polarization mode dispersion mitigation by the 3R regenerator is experimentally demonstrated at 40 Gbit/s with improved bit-error-rate （BER） performance when the differential-time-delay value is set up to 40% of bit interval.     

一种新的遗传算法交叉算子及其在GNSS星座选择中的应用

针对全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）星座选择的需要,分析了多星座卫星导航定位系统选星问题的数学描述形式,根据选星问题的实质要求,将选星问题转换为单约束组合优化问题。而在采用遗传算法求解诸如选星求解类组合优化问题时,由于其对1基因（或0基因）的数量有特别的约束要求,已有的一些交叉算子不能满足该约束要求。针对基因数约束条件,提出了一种新的交叉算子——变异交叉,新的交叉算子仅以1基因或0基因为交换对象实现交叉操作来产生原始后代、以变异作为辅助方式来实现后代的合法化。实验结果表明,所提出的交叉算子能有效应用于遗传算法实现多星座卫星导航定位系统选星求解,且运算量较少,可以实现简单、快速求解,满足实时选星要求。     

绿色合成银纳米粒子及其在SERS中的应用

采用无毒、绿色的酪氨酸作为还原剂和稳定剂,在碱性条件下还原硝酸银,经60 ℃恒温水浴处理20 min,成功地合成了银纳米粒子。混合溶液颜色由淡黄色变为棕黄色直观地呈现了银纳米粒子的生成。利用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备样品进行分析和表征。粒子的UV-Vis吸收在412 nm附近。TEM图像显示,银纳米粒子的形状近似球形,粒子直径在15～25 nm。分别以结晶紫(CV)和叶酸(FA)为探测分子,进一步研究了该银纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应。实验结果表明,该合成方法不仅方便、快速、绿色环保,而且合成的银纳米粒子对CV和FA分子有很好的SERS效应。     

Fine Needle Aspiration: A Novel Application in Laryngology

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has had an early start in medicine and has been heavily used in the United States since the 1980s. It is regarded as a highly effective means to sample mass lesions, serving as the first diagnostic procedure in many instances. FNA is safe, less invasive than biopsy, and reduces the risk of scar formation. Its main limitations can be overcome through effective training and practiced technique. In laryngology, the development of new and diversified therapeutic and diagnostic strategies depends on the development of equally appropriate diagnostic tools. FNA has the potential to be a relatively easy procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia, increasing the otolaryngologist's armamentarium. Combining the FNA procedure with technology now available, secondary to advances in genomic science, rather than cytology and H&E stains, provides the means of obtaining clinically useful information about benign and malignant disease for clinicians and researchers. This paper provides a review of the traditional FNA procedure. It offers an introduction to the future applicability of FNA to office-based laryngology. Lastly, this paper familiarizes the reader with the genomic principles being used for this procedure.     

Classification of Emergent Weyl Spinors in Multi-Fermion Systems

JETP Letters - In the fermionic systems with topologically stable Fermi points, the emergent two-component Weyl fermions appear. We propose the topological classification of these fermions based on...     

Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics in Emergent Universe

In this letter, we have considered the FRW model of the emergent universe, which was presented in our previous work (Debnath, in Class. Quantum Gravity 25:205019, 2008). We have chosen one of the form of scale factor in such a way that the emergent scenario is possible in the universe. We have also considered the universe as a thermodynamical system with the horizon surface as a boundary of the system. The entropy and the radius of the event horizon have been calculated in the emergent scenario. When the emergent scenario occurs, we have shown that the generalized second law of thermodynamics is always satisfied for open, flat and closed models of the universe.     

A Novel Fiber Bragg Grating with Triangular Spectrum and Its Application in Strain Sensor

A novel fiber Bragg grating with triangular spectrum is presented. A strain sensor based on this fiber grating is proposed. Experiments showed that the sensor has advantages of high sensitivity, wider measuring range and immunity to fluctuation of the light source power.