磺基水杨酸的荧光光谱与荧光量子产率

报道了磺基水杨酸 (SSA)的荧光光谱和荧光量子产率。在 pH <2时 ,SSA无荧光 ,随pH升高 ,SSA荧光增强 ,在 pH 5～ 10 5之间 ,SSA有稳定的强荧光 ,最大发射波长为 4 0 2nm ,激发波长为 2 12 ,2 38和2 97nm。在 pH >13的强碱性条件下 ,SSA转变为另一种荧光型体 ,最大激发波长 2 6 1nm ,最大发射波长390nm。SSA浓度较高时 ,荧光激发光谱发生变化 ,但发射光谱不变。在近中性条件下 ,SSA稀溶液的荧光强度与浓度之间存在良好的线性关系 ,线性范围为 5～ 2 5 0ng·mL- 1 ,检测下限为 5ng·mL- 1 。以硫酸奎宁为参比 ,测量了SSA在不同波长下的荧光量子产率 ,在最大激发波长 2 97nm处的荧光量子产率为 0 5 4。     

螯合棉纤维预富集流动注射在线测定痕量铅

将自制的性能优越、成本低廉的新型吡咯烷二硫代甲酸铵螯合棉纤维(CC-APDC)作为固相富集材料,经稀硝酸洗脱液的流动注射预富集, 用石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定了痕量铅。流动注射预富集分六步完成。用稀硝酸作洗脱液,完全洗脱需0.15 mL,大大超过石墨管进样体积。实验将洗脱的前40 μL定量弃去,采用定体积取样法,将浓度最高的40 μL洗脱液加入GFAAS中,提高了测定的准确度。另外在石墨炉灰化阶段高记忆效应的消除中,将惯用的停气方式改为小流量(30 mL·min-1,富集1 min)气体原子化,使拖尾现象得到了明显的改善,且空白值低而稳定。考察了实验参数,如酸度,洗脱液浓度,洗脱速度及采样速率等)对分析性能的影响。采用螯合棉纤维作分离富集材料,选择性好,方法灵敏度高,可以在线分离干扰,采样速度50次·h-1。富集倍数15倍,检测下限0.2 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差1.4%(n=10),回收率95%～105%,样品测定结果令人满意。     

曲通X-100的荧光光谱与荧光量子产率

报道了曲通X-100(TX)水溶液的荧光光谱与荧光量子产率。实验发现,在强酸性条件下,TX没有荧光,当pH ＞1时,TX有稳定的强荧光,荧光激发波长为229和275 nm,发射波长为302 nm。TX水溶液可产生共振荧光,共振荧光峰位于285 nm。在0.1～90 mg·L-1浓度范围内,TX荧光强度与浓度之间存在线性关系,检测限为0.1 mg·L-1。以L-色氨酸为参比,测得在激发波长280 nm处TX水溶液的荧光量子产率为0.121。     

Studies on Interaction of CdTe Quantum Dots with Bovine Serum Albumin Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) have widely used in some biological and biomedical fields due to their unique and fascinating optical properties, meanwhile the interaction of QDs with biomolecules recently attract increasing attention. In this paper, we employed fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate the nonspecific interaction between CdTe QDs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model, and evaluate their stoichiometric ratio and association constant. Our results documented that BSA was able to bind to CdTe QDs and form the QD–BSA complex by a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The association constant evaluated is 1.06 ± 0.14 × 10⁷ M⁻¹ in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4). Furthermore, we found that QD–BSA complex dissociated with increase of ion strength, and we speculated that the interaction of CdTe QDs with BSA was mainly attributed to electrostatic attraction. Our preliminary results demonstrate that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is an effective tool for investigation of the interaction between quantum dots (or nanoparticles) and biomolecules.     

Characterization of Monoolein-Based Lipoplexes Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Lipoplexes are commonly used as delivery systems in vitro and in vivo, the role of a neutral lipid as helper being of extreme importance in these systems. Cationic liposomes composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) with monoolein (MO) as a helper, at different molar ratios (1:2; 1:1 and 1:0.5) were prepared, and subsequently titrated to DNA. The structural and physicochemical properties of the lipid/DNA complexes were assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr) exclusion, 90° static light scattering (90° SLS) assays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In EtBr exclusion assays, the steady-state fluorescence spectra of EtBr were decomposed into the sum of two lognormal emissions, emanating from two different environments – H₂O and DNA, and the effect of charge ratio (+/-) was observed. 90° SLS assays gave an important contribution, detecting size variations in systems with different MO fractions on the lipoplexes. In FRET assays, 2-(3-(diphenylhexatrienyl)propanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPH-HPC) was used as donor and EtBr as acceptor. The DNA component previously calculated by EtBr exclusion, was used to determine the energy transfer efficiency, as an indirect measurement of the lipoplexes structural and physicochemical properties. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of monoolein in the cationic liposomes formulation significantly modifies the rate of DNA complexation, being DODAB:MO (1:1) the system with higher DNA condensation efficiency.     

油溶性CdSe量子点荧光探针直接检测农药水胺硫磷

基于农药水胺硫磷对油溶性CdSe量子点荧光猝灭的现象,建立了一种简单、快速、直接检测农药水胺硫磷的新方法。在最佳实验条件下,油溶性CdSe量子点的荧光猝灭程度与水胺硫磷浓度在2.30×10-7～1.09×10-5 mol·L-1范围内呈较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,对水胺硫磷的检出限为1.1×10-7 mol·L-1。本法已成功用于大米和小麦面粉样品中水胺硫磷农药残留的检测,加入回收率在93.3%～105.0%之间,结果满意。结合紫外-可见吸收光谱及时间分辨荧光光谱,探讨了水胺硫磷对油溶性CdSe量子点荧光猝灭的机理。研究结果表明,水胺硫磷能有效改变油溶性CdSe量子点的表面状态,增大了表面缺陷和非辐射重组的发生,从而使油溶性CdSe量子点的荧光猝灭。     

Analysis of Quantum Rod Diffusion by Polarized Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

To measure the polarization dependence of fluorescent probes, a confocal-microscope-based polarized fluorescence correlation spectroscopy system was developed, and the polarization dependence on the rotational diffusion of well-defined quantum rods (Qrods) was investigated and characterized. The rotational diffusion region of the Qrods was observed over a time range of less than 10^?5 s in a water solution, and the rotational diffusion parameters were extracted using a rotational diffusion model in which the viscosity of the solution media was varied. Our work demonstrated that polarized fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is useful for investigating both the rotational and translational diffusion of fluorescent probes.     

Measurement of Absolute Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Basic Fuchsin Solution Using a Dual-Beam Thermal Lens Technique

The dual beam thermal lens technique is an effective method for the measurement of fluorescence quantum yield of dye solutions. The concentration-dependent quantum yield of a novel dye of triaminotriphenylmethane family in ethanol is studied using this technique. The absolute fluorescence quantum yield is measured and is observed that the reduction in the quantum yield is due to the non-radiative relaxation of the absorbed energy.     

Flow Injection Small-volume Fiber-optic pH Sensor Based on Evanescent Wave Excitation and Fluorescence Determination

A small-volume fiber-optic pH sensor (FOEWS) based on evanescent wave excitation is developed and evaluated. The sensor is simply fabricated by inserting a decladded optical fiber into a transparent capillary tube. A microchannel between the optical fiber and the capillary inner wall was formed and acted as flow cell for solution flowing through. The pH-sensitive fluorophore of fluorescein can be excited by the evanescent wave field produced on the fiber core surface to produce emission fluorescence. pH value was then sensed by its enhancing effect on the emission fluorescence intensity. The response range of the sensor is from pH 2.09 to pH 8.85 and the linear range is from pH 3.25 to 8.85. The proposed sensor has a small detection volume of 2.5 μL and a short response time of 8 s. It has been applied to measure pH values of real water samples and was in good agreement with the results obtained by commercial pH meter.     

Measurement of Fluorescence Quantum Yield of Ultraviolet-Absorbing Substance Extracted from Red Alga: Porphyra yezoensis and its Photothermal Spectroscopy

Optical properties of an ultraviolet-absorbing substance (UVAS) extracted from the marine red alga, Porphyra yezoensis, have been investigated. The substance is excited by UV light, and the emitted fluorescence is detected using an intelligent fluorescence detector. The fluorescence of UVAS is weaker by four orders of magnitude than the fluorescence intensity emitted by anthracene in the same optical system. The absorbed energy is apparently not transferred to the photosynthesis process and is believed to be consumed as heat. Using photothermal spectroscopy, a signal is observed indicating that the absorbed photon energy has transferred to the heat. The waveform of the photothermal signal of UVAS is similar to that of quinoxaline, whose fluorescence quantum yield is known to be zero. It is determined that the fluorescence quantum yield and the energy of the triplet state of UVAS are 1.7 ± 0.7 ± 10⁻⁴ and 21000 ± 1000 cm ⁻¹, respectively. The conclusion is that the excited molecules of UVAS decay by passing through the triplet state and dissipate all absorbed energy as heat.     

Study of Organized Media Using Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Many photophysical processes which occur on an ultrafast time scale in ordinary liquids become significantly retarded in organized assemblies, by two to three orders of magnitude. Recently many groups have applied ultrafast laser spectroscopy and theoretical methods to elucidate this dramatic phenomenon. Although the implications of this phenomenon in biology and chemistry are not yet fully understood, it has been demonstrated that ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy is a very powerful tool to study the microscopic properties of the organized assemblies and that water or other liquids confined inside these assemblies are fundamentally different from the corresponding liquid in bulk.     

Determination of Protolytic Constants by Trilinear Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Protolytic equilibria often have profound effects on chemical activity, since protolytic species usually behave quite differently. It is therefore important to characterize the protolytic properties of important chemicals. Here we present a new approach to study protolytic equilibria of fluorescent species that is extremely accurate and relies on minimum assumptions. We show that by measuring 2-dimensional excitation/emission scans of samples at different pH. the 3-dimensional experimental data set, I(lambda(ex), lambda(em), C(pH)), can be unambiguously decomposed into the spectral responses of the protolytic species present as well as their concentration. The approach is demonstrated on the protolytic equilibrium of fluorescein. Although the fluorescein monoanion cannot be obtained in pure form, the spectra and concentrations of both fluorescein species, as well as the protolytic constant, are determined with excellent accuracy. The proposed method is general and can be applied not only for studies of protolytic equilibria, but on any chemical equilibria and chemical reactions involving fluorescent species.     

三维荧光光谱结合EEMD与SWATLD测定水中多环芳烃

多环芳烃（PAHs）类物质具有致畸、致癌、致突变的性质,严重污染生态环境,进而对人类的健康及动植物生长造成威胁。PAHs通过排污、大气沉降、地表径流等各种循环途径进入水环境中,由于种类众多且化学性质相似,常规的检测方法如化学滴定法、电化学法等很难实现快速准确的测定。为实现复杂体系中PAHs的定性与定量,工作中基于三维荧光光谱分析法,结合集合经验模态分解（EEMD）去噪与自加权交替三线性分解（SWATLD）二阶校正,对超纯水以及池塘水环境中的苊（ANA）和萘（NAP）进行分析测定。首先选择合理的浓度配制样本,用FS920荧光光谱仪测得样品的三维荧光光谱,利用空白扣除法将光谱数据中的散射消除,得到真实的光谱数据。然后对去除散射的数据进行EEMD降噪处理,该方法具有自适应性强、参数设置简便的优点,能够去除嘈杂信息,提高数据信噪比,并将去噪参数与快速傅里叶变换、小波滤波和经验模态分解进行比较。最后用SWATLD算法以“数学分离”代替“化学分离”,对超纯水和池塘水环境中光谱重叠的ANA和NAP进行定性识别和定量预测,该算法对组分数的选择不敏感,能够在未知干扰物共存情况下实现多组分目标分析物的同时检测,即具有“二阶优势”,并将预测结果与平行因子分析进行比较。结果表明空白扣除法能够成功将拉曼散射消除。EEMD降噪方法使ANA和NAP的光谱更加规整平滑,有效信息更加突出,该方法去噪后数据信噪比为16.845 2,均方根误差为11.136 6,波形相似系数为0.990 9,三项指标均优于快速傅里叶变换和经验模态分解等其他去噪方法,能达到小波滤波的去噪效果并且不用设置先验参数。利用SWATLD二阶校正方法得到验证样本中ANA与NAP的分解光谱与实际光谱基本吻合,平均预测回收率分别为96.4%和104.2%,预测均方根误差分别为0.105和0.092 μg·L-1;在存在未知干扰物的池塘水样本中,分解出的光谱依然能与实际光谱吻合,ANA与NAP两者的平均预测回收率分别为94.8%和105.5%,预测均方根误差分别为0.067和0.169 μg·L-1;与平行因子分析相比,两项指标均具有优势。     

三维荧光结合三阶校正算法快速检测水中酚类化合物

苯酚和麝香草酚等酚类化合物对人体和动植物有着严重危害,且这些酚类化合物往往同时存在于水体。由于苯酚和麝香草酚的激发和发射光谱重叠严重,常规荧光方法不能实现直接快速测定。基于三维荧光光谱结合四维平行因子（4-PARAFAC）算法,对存在未知干扰物的湖水中苯酚和麝香草酚进行定性和定量分析。利用三维平行因子和四维平行因子算法分解光谱数据,探索三阶校正算法的“三阶优势”。通过引入温度维来构建四维数据阵,将不同温度下扫描得到的激发发射矩阵沿样本维叠加得到四维数据阵,结合基于四维平行因子的三阶校正算法对目标分析物进行定性定量分析。为避免溶剂散射和仪器的影响,需要对扫描得到的激发发射矩阵信号进行预处理。通过空白扣除法和Delaunay三角内插值法去除激发发射矩阵中散射信号,再进一步进行激发发射校正,得到真实光谱。然后分别使用基于平行因子的二阶校正算法和基于四维平行因子的三阶校正算法对光谱数据进行分析,对比两种算法的分析结果。结果表明,四维数据阵并不是三维激发发射矩阵简单的叠加,得到的四维数据可能含有丰富的高维信息,有助于改善对分析物的测量结果。四维平行因子算法解析得到的湖水中苯酚和麝香草酚的平均回收率分别为97.7%±9.2%和96.5%±8.8%,预测均方根误差为0.047和0.057 μg·mL-1,预测相对误差低于10%,分析结果优于三维平行因子（平均回收率分别为105.7%±15.3%和111.0%±3.6%,预测均方根误差为0.090和0.056 μg·mL-1,预测相对误差高于10%）。实验表明,样本中存在复杂干扰背景和数据共线性严重时,三阶校正算法能够得到比二阶校正算法更满意的结果,为复杂体系中苯酚和麝香草酚的检测提供了可靠方法。     

Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy Study on the Photophysical Behavior of Quantum Dots

Room-temperature time-resolved luminescence measurements on single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are presented. Fluorescence emission spectra were recorded over periods of up to 30 minutes with a time resolution as small as 6 ms. For QDs in ambient air, a clear 30–40 nm blue shift in the emission wavelength is observed, before the luminescence stops after about 2–3 minutes because of photobleaching. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the blue shift is absent while photobleaching occurs after much longer times (i.e., 10–15 minutes). These observations are explained by photoinduced oxidation. The CdSe surface is oxidized during illumination in the presence of oxygen. This effectively results in shrinkage of the CdSe core diameter by almost 1 nm and consequently in a blue shift. The faster fading of the luminescence in air suggests that photoinduced oxidation results in the formation of non-radiative recombination centers at the CdSe/CdSeO_x interface. In a nitrogen atmosphere, photoinduced oxidation is prevented by the absence of oxygen. Additionally, a higher initial light output for CdSe/ZnS QDs in air is observed. This can be explained by a fast reduction of the lifetime of the long-lived defect states of CdSe QDs by oxygen.     

环丙沙星的光谱性质、质子化作用与荧光量子产率

研究了环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin, CIP)在不同pH条件下的荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱和质子化作用,测量了CIP在中性条件下的荧光量子产率。在H+浓度大于1 mol·L-1的HCl介质中,CIP分子(简写为HL)可以结合3个质子而以H₄L3+形式存在,有微弱的荧光,最大荧光发射波长(λ_ｍａｘ)为456 nm。在pH 0～2的酸性条件下,CIP主要以H₃L2+形式存在,λ_ｍａｘ为450 nm,荧光较弱,荧光强度随pH的升高而上升。在pH 2～4时,CIP主要以H₂L+形式存在,具有强荧光,λ_ｍａｘ仍为450 nm。当pH＞4时,λ_ｍａｘ逐步蓝移到414 nm,荧光强度随pH的升高而稍有降低,同时紫外吸收光谱也有明显变化,表明H₂L+随pH升高而失去质子,以双极离子HL形式存在。当pH＞8时,荧光强度随pH升高而减弱至消失,表明HL逐步失去质子,转化为无荧光的阴离子L-。在分子形态变化过程中,最大荧光激发波长始终在275 nm附近,但最大荧光发射波长有较大变化。在pH 7.0的缓冲溶液中,以硫酸奎宁为参比,测得CIP在最大荧光激发波长275 nm处的荧光量子产率为0.12。     

流动注射在线共沉淀HG-AFS测定地质样品中痕量锡

建立了流动注射在线共沉淀HG AFS测定痕量锡的分析方法。方法基于锡在碱性介质中与氢氧化镁共沉淀 ,沉淀收集在锥形沉淀腔中 ,用HCl溶洗沉淀和NaBH4反应 ,产生的氢化物被载气引入原子化器中进行测定。测定锡的相对标准偏差为 5 15 % ( 3 0ng·mL-1,n =10 ) ,检出限为 0 2 1ng·g-1,检出限较直接进样降低了 12倍。对国家标准参考物中锡的测定结果与标准值相符。     

流动注射浊点萃取结合荧光光谱法测定水样中的痕量锌

锌离子与8-羟基喹啉混合后与Triton X-114合并,在线生成的锌配合物被表面活性剂Triton X-114捕集保留到脱脂棉微型柱。乙醇洗脱分析物,荧光光谱法检测洗脱液中的痕量锌。考察了影响流动注射浊点萃取体系的各种因素,包括pH、配位剂浓度、表面活性剂浓度、样品富集和洗脱流速等。测定锌的线性范围10—200μg/L,检出限(3σ)为2.0μg/L。方法应用于饮用水和环境水样测定,加标回收率90.4%—107.8%。     

基于三维荧光光谱技术的食用油快速分析研究

利用F7000荧光分光光度计测得橄榄油等几种食用油及其煎炸油的三维荧光光谱,并用提高峰值阈值等算法进行分析.分析发现:不同品种食用油的三维荧光等高线图差异明显,具有指纹特征性;同一种食用油经过不同时间高温加热后的三维荧光光谱存在荧光等高圈中心波长红移、峰值强度减弱趋势.利用吸收光谱法测得同一种油加热不同时长油样的透射光谱并进行比对,发现差异性不明显.实验表明:食用油的三维荧光光谱指纹特征可用于食用油品种的鉴定,根据其荧光峰值强度大小、中心波长位置可以实现食用油品质的定性分析.